Exploring Quantum Physics through Hands-on Projects (Paperback)

David Prutchi, Shanni Prutchi

  • 出版商: Wiley
  • 出版日期: 2012-02-07
  • 售價: $1,180
  • 貴賓價: 9.8$1,156
  • 語言: 英文
  • 頁數: 288
  • 裝訂: Paperback
  • ISBN: 1118140664
  • ISBN-13: 9781118140666
  • 相關分類: 物理學 Physics量子 Quantum
  • 下單後立即進貨 (約5~7天)

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<內容簡介>

Build an intuitive understanding of the principles behind quantum mechanics through practical construction and replication of original experiments

With easy-to-acquire, low-cost materials and basic knowledge of algebra and trigonometry, Exploring Quantum Physics through Hands-on Projects takes readers step by step through the process of re-creating scientific experiments that played an essential role in the creation and development of quantum mechanics.

Presented in near chronological order—from discoveries of the early twentieth century to new material on entanglement—this book includes question- and experiment-filled chapters on:


Light as a Wave
Light as Particles
Atoms and Radioactivity
The Principle of Quantum Physics
Wave/Particle Duality
The Uncertainty Principle
Schro"dinger (and his Zombie Cat)
Entanglement

From simple measurements of Planck's constant to testing violations of Bell's inequalities using entangled photons, Exploring Quantum Physics through Hands-on Projects not only immerses readers in the process of quantum mechanics, it provides insight into the history of the field—how the theories and discoveries apply to our world not only today, but also tomorrow.

By immersing readers in groundbreaking experiments that can be performed at home, school, or in the lab, this first-ever, hands-on book successfully demystifies the world of quantum physics for all who seek to explore it—from science enthusiasts and undergrad physics students to practicing physicists and engineers.

Table Of Contents

Introduction xi

Prologue xv

Important Disclaimer and Warnings xix

Acknowledgments xxiii

About the Authors xxv

1 LIGHT AS AWAVE 1

Newton’s View: Light Consists of Particles 1

Young’s Interference of Light 3

Automatic Scanning of Interference Patterns 6

The Final Nail in the Coffin for Newton’s Theory of Light 8

Light as an Electromagnetic Wave 9

Polarization 11

Optics with 3-cm Wavelength “Light” 11

Real-World Behaviors 16

Double-Slit Interference with Microwaves 17

The Doppler Effect 18

Experiments and Questions 20

2 LIGHT AS PARTICLES 23

The Seed of Quantum Physics: Planck’s Formula 27

The Photoelectric Effect 28

Can we Detect Individual Photons? 36

Low-Cost PMT Power Supplies 38

Listening to Individual Photons 41

Where does this Leave Us? 45

Experiments and Questions 45

3 ATOMS AND RADIOACTIVITY 49

The Need for Vacuum 49

The Mechanical Vacuum Pump 51

The Vacuum Gauge 53

A Very-High-Voltage Power Supply 56

A Vacuum Tube Legow Set 56

Phosphor Screens 59

The Electron Gun 60

The Discovery of the Electron 61

Cathode-Ray Tubes 63

Thomson’s First 1897 Experiment—Negative Charge and Rays are Joined Together 65

Thomson’s Second Experiment—Electrostatic Deflection of Cathode Rays 67

Thomson and the Modern CRT 69

Thomson’s Third Experiment—Mass-to-Charge Ratio of the Electron 72

Measuring e/m with our CRT 74

A Magical Measurement of e/m 77

Thomson’s “Plum Pudding” Model of the Atom 79

Geiger–Mu
ller Counter 80

a, b, and g 89

The Nature of Beta Radiation 92

The Ionizing Power of Alpha 92

What are Alpha Particles? 95

Rutherford’s Alpha-Scattering Experiment 96

Rutherford’s Planetary Model of the Atom 102

Experiments and Questions 103

4 THE PRINCIPLE OF QUANTUM PHYSICS 107

Emission Spectroscopy 107

Bohr’s Spark of Genius 113

Orbitals and Not Orbits 115

Quantization—The Core of Quantum Physics 117

Experiments and Questions 118

5 WAVE–PARTICLE DUALITY 121

Gamma-Ray Spectrum Analysis 122

What is the Nature of Light? 126

Two-Slit Interference with Single Photons 128

Imaging Single Photons 133

The Answer: Complementarity 135

Matter Waves 137

Matter Waves and the Bohr Atom 137

Experimental Confirmation of De Broglie’s Matter Waves 138

Two-Slit Interference with Single Electrons 142

A Simple TEM 144

Blurring the Line Between Quantum and Classical 148

Particle–Wave Duality in the Macroscopic World 148

Experiments and Questions 149

6 THE UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE 151

Wavefunctions 151

The Uncertainty Principle 153

Experimental Demonstration of the Uncertainty Principle 155

Time–Energy Uncertainty 159

Fourier Analysis 159

Bye, Bye Clockwork Universe 163

Experiments and Questions 165

7 SCHRO
DINGER (AND HIS ZOMBIE CAT) 167

Real-World Particle in a Box 171

Quantum Tunneling 174

Quantum Tunneling Time 178

Many-Worlds Interpretation 183

Schro
dinger’s Cat in the Lab 184

Beam Splitters 186

Who Rolls the Dice? 190

The Mach–Zehnder Interferometer 192

“Which-Way” Experiments 197

The Quantum Eraser 199

Experiments and Questions 200

8 ENTANGLEMENT 203

Bell’s Inequalities 205

An Entangled-Photon Source 211

Detecting Entangled Photons 214

High-Purity Single-Photon Source 219

Testing Bell’s Inequality 220

Closing the Loopholes 225

The Age of Quantum Information 226

A Quantum Random-Number Generator 228

Quantum Information 229

Quantum Teleportation 230

Faster-Than-Light Communication 236

Quantum Cryptography 237

Quantum Computing and Technologies for the Future 240

Experiments and Questions 242

REFERENCES 245

SOURCES FOR MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS 249

ABBREVIATIONS 255

INDEX 257

商品描述(中文翻譯)

內容簡介

透過實際建構和複製原始實驗,建立對量子力學原理的直觀理解。

《Exploring Quantum Physics through Hands-on Projects》以易於取得、低成本的材料和基本的代數和三角知識,逐步引導讀者重現在量子力學的創建和發展中扮演重要角色的科學實驗過程。

本書按照近乎時間順序的方式呈現,從20世紀初的發現到關於紛亂的新材料,每章都充滿了問題和實驗:

- 光的波動
- 光的粒子性
- 原子和放射性
- 量子物理原理
- 波粒二象性
- 不確定性原理
- 薛定谔(及其僵尸貓)
- 纏結

從測量普朗克常數到使用纏結光子測試貝爾不等式的簡單實驗,本書不僅讓讀者深入了解量子力學的過程,還提供了對這一領域的歷史洞察力 - 這些理論和發現不僅適用於我們今天的世界,也適用於明天。

通過讓讀者參與可以在家中、學校或實驗室進行的開創性實驗,這本首部實踐性書籍成功地揭開了量子物理學的神秘面紗,適合所有希望探索這一領域的人 - 從科學愛好者和大學物理學生到實踐物理學家和工程師。

目錄

前言
重要聲明和警告
致謝
關於作者
第一章 光的波動
第二章 光的粒子性
第三章 原子和放射性