Text Entry Systems: Mobility, Accessibility, Universality

Text entry has never been so important as it is today. This is in large part due to the phenomenal, relatively recent success of mobile computing, text messaging on mobile phones, and the proliferation of small devices like the Blackberry and Palm Pilot. Compared with the recent past, when text entry was primarily through the standard “qwerty” keyboard, people today use a diverse array of devices with the number and variety of such devices ever increasing.

The variety is not just in the devices, but also in the technologies used: Entry modalities have become more varied and include speech recognition and synthesis, handwriting recognition, and even eye-tracking using image processing on web-cams. Statistical language modeling has advanced greatly in the past ten years and so therein is potential to facilitate and improve text entry—increasingly, the way people communicate.

This book consists of four parts, and covers these areas: Guidelines for Designing Better Entry Systems (including research methodologies, measurement, and language modelling); Devices and Modalities; Languages of the world and entry systems in those languages; and variety in users and their difficulties with text entry—and the possible design and guideline solutions for those individual user groups.

Table of Contents

PREFACE

Current State of the Art in Text Entry -An Overall Remark
Scott MacKenzie and Kumiko Tanaka-Ishii

PART I: FOUNDATIONS

Chapter 1: Historical Overview of Consumer Text Entry Technologies
Miika Silfverberg

Chapter 2: Language Models For Text Entry
Kumiko Tanaka-Ishii

Chapter 3: Measures of Text Entry Performance
Jacob Wobbrock

Chapter 4: Evaluation of Text Entry Techniques
Scott MacKenzie

PART 2: ENTRY MODALITIES AND DEVICES

Chapter 5: Text Entry Using a Small Number of Buttons
Scott MacKenzie and Kumiko Tanaka-Ishii

Chapter 6: Hand Writing Recognition Interfaces
Charles Tappert and Sung-Hyuk Cha

Chapter 7: Introduction to Shape Writing
Shumin Zhai and Per Ola Kristensson

Chapter 8: Speech Based Interfaces
Sadaoki Furui

Chapter 9: Text Entry by Gaze: Utilizing Eye-Tracking
Paivi Majaranta and Kari-Jouko Raiha

PART 3: LANGUAGE VARIATIONS

Chapter 10: Writing System Variations and Text Entry Systems
Kumiko Tanaka-Ishii and Renu Gupta

Chapter 11: Text Entry for Languages With Ideograms -Chinese, Japanese, Korean-
Kumiko Tanaka-Ishii and Ming Zhou and Jin-Dong Kim

Chapter 12: Text Entry in South and Southeast Asian Scripts
Renu Gupta and Virach Sornlertlamvanich

Chapter 13: Text Entry in Hebrew and Arabic Scripts
Tsuguya Sasaki and Kumiko Tanaka-Ishii

PART 4: ACCESSIBILITY, UNIVERSALITY

Chapter 14 - Text Entry for the Elderly and the Young
Janet Read

Chapter 15 - Text Entry When the Movement is Impaired
Shari Trewin and John Arnott

Chapter 16 - Entry for the People with Visual Impairements
Chieko Asakawa and Hironobu Takagi