* Comprehensive coverage of topics; also covers antennas and radio wave propagation * Packed with numerous solved examples review questions, numerical problems, short answer type questions, MCQs, and open book exam questions * Provides a detailed recapitulation of important formulae and definition to aid in quick revision * Includes a 'Did You Know' section in the chapters to cover additional interesting information beyond the syllabus * Includes in separate boxes real-life application of concepts wherever possible * Includes a CD with chapter-wise MATLAB programs and illustrations from the chapters
Beginning with the very basics such as scalars and vectors, coordinate systems, and vector calculus, the book aims to teach the subject starting from the fundamentals in a simple and direct manner. After the introductory part, the content is divided into three logical parts, namely, electrostatics, magnetostatics, and time varying fields, radiation and propagation. The text has been supported throughout with self-explanatory illustrations and numerous graded solved examples. Many of the illustrations also provide a three-dimensional view of the patterns presented.
With an aim to provide sufficient practice to students and reinforce important concepts, the end chapter exercises include review questions, numerical problems with answers, short answers questions with answers, MCQs with answers and open book exam questions as well with hints. The appendices at the end of the book equip the students with all the important tables and information they would require for this course.
Table Of Contents
Frequently Used Reference Material 0.1. Table of Fundamental Constants 0.2. Units 0.3. The Greek Alphabet 0.4. SI Prefixes 0.5. Dielectric Constants of Materials 0.6. Relative Permeabilities of Materials I. Introductory Material 1. Scalars and Vectors 1.1. Introduction 1.2. Scalars 1.2.1. Rules to Manipulate Scalars 1.2.2. Keeping Track of Calculations 1.2.3. Order of Magnitude of Calculations 1.2.4. Approximations 1.3. Vectors 1.3.1. The Unit Vector 1.3.2. Vector Addition 1.3.2.1. A Handy Technique 1.3.2.2. Calculations with Vector Addition 1.3.3. Dot Product or Scalar Product 1.3.3.1. Work and Scalar Product 1.3.3.2. Scalar Products of Orthogonal Unit Vectors 1.3.4. Cross Product or Vector Product 1.3.4.1. Cross Products of Orthogonal Unit Vectors 1.3.4.2. Cross Product in Rectangular Coordinates 1.3.4.3. Memorizing Cross-Product Calculations 1.3.4.4. Scalar Triple Product 1.4. Units and Dimensions 1.5. Points to Remember 1.6. Practice Problems and Self Assessment 2. Coordinate Systems and Fields 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Scalar and Vector Fields 2.2.1. Scalar Fields 2.2.2. Vector Fields 2.3. The Rectangular Coordinate System 2.3.1. Distance Between Two Points 2.3.2. Direction Cosines 2.3.3. Vector Equation of a Straight Line 2.3.4. Equation of a Plane 2.4. Cylindrical Coordinate System 2.4.1. Equations of Surfaces and Lines in Cylindrical Coordinates 2.5. The Spherical Coordinate System 2.6. Points to Remember 2.7. Practice Problems and Self Assessment 3. Vector Calculus 143 3.1. Chapter Goals 3.2. Basic 3-Dimensional Calculus 3.2.1. Differential Element of a Line 3.2.2. Line Integral 3.2.3. Differential Element of a Surface 3.2.4. Surface Integral 3.2.5. The Volume Integral 3.3. Differential Calculus Concepts 3.3.1. The Del or Nabla Operator 3.3.2. Gradient 3.3.3. The Curl 3.3.4. Divergence 3.4. Maxwell's Equations 3.5. Units and Dimensions of EM Fields 3.6. List of Formulae 3.7. Practice Problems and Self Assessment II. Electrostatics 4. The Electric Field and Gauss's Law 4.1. Chapter Goals 4.2. Electrostatics: An Introduction 4.3. Charge 4.3.1. The Dirac Delta Function 4.4. Coulomb's Law and the Electric Field 4.5. The Electric Field due to a System of Point Charges 4.5.1. Electric Dipole 4.5.2. Electric Field Due to Any Number of Point Charges 4.6. Electric Field due to Continuous Charge Distributions 4.6.1. Infinite Line Charge 4.6.2. Infinite Sheet Charge 4.7. Electric Displacement ? and Flux Density D 4.8. Gauss's Law 4.9. Gauss's LawApplied to Cases of Spherical Symmetry 4.9.1. Gauss's Law Applied to a Point Charge 4.9.2. Gauss's Law Applied to a Charged Sphere 4.10. Gauss's Law Applied to Cases of Cylindrical Symmetry 4.11. Gauss's LawApplied to Cases of Rectangular Symmetry 4.12. List of Formulae 4.13. Practice problems and Self Assessment 5. Energy and Potential 5.1. Chapter Goals 5.2. Potential Due to a Point Charge 5.3. Equipotential Surfaces 5.4. Potential Energy 5.5. Potential Due to a System of Point Charges 5.5.1. Far Fields for an Electric Dipole 5.6. Potential Due Any Continuous Charge Distribution 5.7. List of Formulae 5.8. Practice Problems and Self Assessment 6. The Electric Field and Material Media 6.1. Chapter Goals 6.2. Current and Current Density 6.3. Continuity Equation 6.4. Conductors, Semiconductors and Dielectrics 6.4.1. Conductors and Resistance 6.4.2. Relaxation Time for Conductors 6.4.3. The Method of Images 6.4.4. Semiconductors 6.4.5. Dielectrics 6.5. Capacitance 6.5.1. Parallel Plate Capacitor 6.5.2. Coaxial Line 6.5.3. Two Conductor Line 6.6. Relation Between Capacitance and Resistance 6.7. Boundary Conditions for Electrostatic Fields 6.8. Energy Stored in the Electric Field 6.9. List of Formulae 6.10. Practice Problems and Self Assessment 7. Laplace's and Poisson's Equations 7.1. Chapter Goals 7.2. Introduction 7.3. Uniqueness Theorem 7.4. Laplace's Equation 7.4.1. Some One Dimensional Solutions 7.4.1.1. Laplace's Equation, Applied to Infinite Parallel Planes 7.4.1.2. Laplace'sEquation,AppliedtoConcentric Cylinders 7.4.1.3. Laplace'sEquation,AppliedtoConcentric Spheres 7.4.1.4. Laplace'sEquationAppliedtoTwo Coaxial Cones 7.4.2. TwoDimensional Solutions toLaplace'sEquation 7.4.2.1. Analytic Functions 7.4.3. Separation of Variables 7.4.4. Numerical Techniques 7.5. Poisson's Equation 7.5.1. One Dimensional Solutions 7.6. List of Formulae 7.7. Practice Problems and Self Assessment III. Magnetostatics 8. The Steady Magnetic Field 8.1. Chapter Goals 8.2. Introduction 8.3. The Biot-Savart Law 8.3.1. Biot-Savart Law Applied to a Tiny Filamentary Current 8.4. Types of Current 8.4.1. Biot-SavartLawAppliedto an InfinitelyLong Straight Wire 8.4.2. Magnetic Field Lines of a Long Straight Wire 8.4.3. Biot-Savart Law Applied to a Short Straight Wire 8.5. Ampere's Law 8.5.1. Ampere's Law Applied to a Long Straight Wire 8.5.2. Ampere's Law Applied to a Wire of Radius a 8.5.3. Ampere's Law Applied to an Infinite Solenoid 8.5.4. Ampere's Law Applied to a Winding Around a Torus 8.6. The Magnetic Field-Some Calculations 8.6.1. Loop of Wire Carrying a Current 8.6.2. Magnetic Field Due to a Current Sheet 8.6.3. Magnetic Field in the Interior of an Infinite Solenoid 8.6.4. Magnetic Field in the Interior of a Finite Solenoid 8.6.5. Magnetic Field on the Axis of a Rotating Charged Disk 8.7. The Magnetic Scalar Potential 8.7.1. Scalar Potential in the Interior of an Infinite Solenoid 8.8. The Vector Potential and the Magnetic Flux Density 8.8.1. Calculation of the Vector Potential 8.8.2. Vector Potential of a Circular Loop 8.9. The Biot-Savart Law-Revisited 8.10. Various Results 8.10.1. VectorPoential for aCurrentCarrying Straight Conductor 8.10.2. Two Current Carrying Straight Conductors 8.11. Far Field Approximation 8.11.1. Square Current Loop and Magnetic Dipole 8.12. List of Formulae 8.13. Practice Problems and Self Assessment 9. Magnetic Forces, Inductance and Magnetisation 9.1. Chapter Goals 9.2. The Lorentz Force 9.3. Electron Moving in a Steady Magnetic Field 9.4. A Straight Wire Carrying a Current in a Magnetic Field 9.5. Other Formulations 9.6. Loop Carrying a Current in a Constant Magnetic Field 9.7. Torque on Loop Carrying a Current in a Constant Magnetic Field 9.7.1. The Magnetic Dipole and Torque on an Arbitrary Loop 9.8. Force between Two Current Elements 9.9. Inductance 9.9.1. Inductance of a Coil 9.9.2. Inductance of a Coaxial Line 9.9.3. Magnetic Energy 9.9.4. Inductance of a Circular Loop 9.9.5. Mutual inductance 9.10. Magnetic Materials and Magnetic Circuits 9.10.1. Magnetisation 9.10.2. Magnetic Circuits IV. Time Varying Fields, Radiation and Propagation 10.Time Dependant Fields 10.1. Chapter Goals 10.2. List of Formulae 10.3. Faraday's Law 10.4. A Maxwell Equation from Faraday's Law 10.5. The Displacement Current Density 10.6. Time-DependentMaxwell's Equations 10.6.1. Point form of the Equations 10.7. Integral Form of Maxwell's Equations 10.8. The FundamentalEquations ofRadiation and Propagation 10.9. Time Domain Wave Equation 10.10.Frequency Domain Wave Equation 10.10.1.Phasors 10.11.The Wave Equation 10.12.Chapter Summary 10.13.Short Answer Questions 10.14.Problems 11.Electromagnetic Waves 11.1. Uniform Plane Wave 11.2. Wave Polarisation 11.2.1. Circular Polarisation 11.2.2. Elliptical Polarisation 11.3. Wave Propagation in Conducting Media 11.3.1. Low Conductivity Materials 11.3.2. High Conductivity Materials 11.4. Boundary Conditions 11.5. Reflection and Refraction of Waves 11.5.1. Reflection from a Metal Surface 11.5.1.1. Normal Incidence 11.5.2. Refraction from a Dielectric Surface 11.6. Poynting Vector and the Flow of Power 11.6.1. Poynting's Theorem 11.6.2. Poynting Vector 12.Transmission Lines 12.1. Time Domain Equation 12.2. Frequency Domain Equation 12.3. Solutions to the Transmission Line Equation 12.3.1. Power Considerations 12.3.2. Reflections from Discontinuities 12.3.3. StandingWave Ratio 12.3.4. Input Impedance Anywhere Along the Line 12.4. Transmission Line Charts 12.5. Transformer Matching 12.6. References 13.Waveguides 13.1. The Parallel Plate Waveguide 13.2. TEM mode Waveguides 13.3. The RectangularWaveguide 13.4. The CircularWaveguide 14.Radiation from Currents 14.1. Wave Equation due to Charges and Currents 14.2. Radiation from a Current Element 14.3. The Half-Wave Dipole Antenna 14.4. Basic Antenna Concepts 14.5. Directivity 14.5.1. Directivity from the Beam Pattern 14.6. Effective Aperture and Friis' Transmission Formula 15. Introduction to Antennas 15.1. Chapter Goals 15.2. Introduction 15.3. Linear Antenna Arrays 15.4. Linear Array with Equal Currents 15.4.1. The Array Factor 15.4.2. Nulls and Sidelobes 15.4.3. Beam Pointing Angle 15.5. Farfield Pattern 15.6. Aperture Antennas 15.7. Horn Antennas 15.7.1. Introduction 15.8. Parabolic Reflector 15.9. List of Formulae 15.10.Practice Problems and Self Assessment 16.Radio Wave Propagation 16.1. Introduction 16.2. Ground Wave Propagation 16.3. Earth Reflection 16.4. The Surface Wave 16.4.1. The Surface Wave for the Vertical Dipole 16.4.2. Wave Tilt of the Surface Wave 16.5. Surface Wave for a Horizontal Dipole 16.6. Approximations for Ground Wave Propagation 16.7. Tropospheric Propagation 16.7.1. Spherical Earth Considerations 16.7.2. Tropospheric Waves 16.8. Ionospheric Propagation 16.8.1. The Ionosphere 16.8.1.1. Plasma Oscillations 16.8.1.2. Wave Propagation in a Plasma A. List of Symbols A.1. Commonly Use Symbols and Nomenclature B. Coordinate Systems B.1. Rectangular to Cylindrical, Cylindrical to Rectangular B.2. Rectangular to Spherical, Spherical to Rectangular B.3. Spherical and Cylindrical Coordinates B.4. Grad, Div, Curl and Laplacian in Different Coordinate Systems B.4.1. Cartesian Coordinate B.4.2. Cylindrical Coordinates B.4.3. Spherical Coordinates C. Mathematical Reference C.1. General C.1.1. Important Constants C.1.2. Taylor's Series Expansion C.1.3. C.2. Vector Identitiesdinate Systems C.2.1. General C.2.2. Gradient C.2.3. Curl C.2.4. Divergence C.2.5. Double C.3. Complex Variables C.3.1. General C.3.2. Inequalities C.3.3. Complex conjugates C.3.4. Euler's Identity C.4. Trigonometry C.4.1. Basic formulae C.4.2. Sum and difference formulae C.4.3. Double angle formulae C.4.4. Half angle formulae C.4.5. Product to sum formulae C.4.6. Sum and difference to product C.4.7. Triangle Formulae C.4.8. Powers of the trigonometric functions C.5. Differentiation C.5.1. Rules C.5.2. Differentiation of Functions C.6. Integration C.6.1. Common Substitutions C.6.2. Indefinite Integrals Bibliography |
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