Designing Software Product Lines with UML : From Use Cases to Pattern-Based Software Architectures

Description:

"Designing Software Product Lines with UML is well-written, informative, and addresses a very important topic. It is a valuable contribution to the literature in this area, and offers practical guidance for software architects and engineers."
—Alan Brown
Distinguished Engineer, Rational Software, IBM Software Group

"Gomaa's process and UML extensions allow development teams to focus on feature-oriented development and provide a basis for improving the level of reuse across multiple software development efforts. This book will be valuable to any software development professional who needs to manage across projects and wants to focus on creating software that is consistent, reusable, and modular in nature."
—Jeffrey S Hammond
Group Marketing Manager, Rational Software, IBM Software Group

"This book brings together a good range of concepts for understanding software product lines and provides an organized method for developing product lines using object-oriented techniques with the UML. Once again, Hassan has done an excellent job in balancing the needs of both experienced and novice software engineers."
—Robert G. Pettit IV, Ph.D.
Adjunct Professor of Software Engineering, George Mason University

"This breakthrough book provides a comprehensive step-by-step approach on how to develop software product lines, which is of great strategic benefit to industry. The development of software product lines enables significant reuse of software architectures. Practitioners will benefit from the well-defined PLUS process and rich case studies."
—Hurley V. Blankenship II
Program Manager, Justice and Public Safety, Science Applications International Corporation

"The Product Line UML based Software engineering (PLUS) is leading edge. With the author's wide experience and deep knowledge, PLUS is well harmonized with architectural and design pattern technologies."
—Michael Shin
Assistant Professor, Texas Tech University

Long a standard practice in traditional manufacturing, the concept of product lines is quickly earning recognition in the software industry. A software product line is a family of systems that shares a common set of core technical assets with preplanned extensions and variations to address the needs of specific customers or market segments. When skillfully implemented, a product line strategy can yield enormous gains in productivity, quality, and time-to-market. Studies indicate that if three or more systems with a degree of common functionality are to be developed, a product-line approach is significantly more cost-effective.

To model and design families of systems, the analysis and design concepts for single product systems need to be extended to support product lines. Designing Software Product Lines with UML shows how to employ the latest version of the industry-standard Unified Modeling Language (UML 2.0) to reuse software requirements and architectures rather than starting the development of each new system from scratch. Through real-world case studies, the book illustrates the fundamental concepts and technologies used in the design and implementation of software product lines.

This book describes a new UML-based software design method for product lines called PLUS (Product Line UML-based Software engineering). PLUS provides a set of concepts and techniques to extend UML-based design methods and processes for single systems in a new dimension to address software product lines. Using PLUS, the objective is to explicitly model the commonality and variability in a software product line.

Hassan Gomaa explores how each of the UML modeling views—use case, static, state machine, and interaction modeling—can be extended to address software product families. He also discusses how software architectural patterns can be used to develop a reusable component-based architecture for a product line and how to express this architecture as a UML platform-independent model that can then be mapped to a platform-specific model.

Key topics include:

• Software product line engineering process, which extends the Unified Development Software Process to address software product lines
• Use case modeling, including modeling the common and variable functionality of a product line
• Incorporating feature modeling into UML for modeling common, optional, and alternative product line features
• Static modeling, including modeling the boundary of the product line and information-intensive entity classes
• Dynamic modeling, including using interaction modeling to address use-case variability
• State machines for modeling state-dependent variability
• Modeling class variability using inheritance and parameterization
• Software architectural patterns for product lines
• Component-based distributed design using the new UML 2.0 capability for modeling components, connectors, ports, and provided and required interfaces
• Detailed case studies giving a step-by-step solution to real-world product line problems

Designing Software Product Lines with UML is an invaluable resource for all designers and developers in this growing field. The information, technology, and case studies presented here show how to harness the promise of software product lines and the practicality of the UML to take software design, quality, and efficiency to the next level. An enhanced online index allows readers to quickly and easily search the entire text for specific topics.

Table of Contents:

Foreword.

Preface.

Acknowledgments.

I. OVERVIEW.

1. Introduction.

Software Reuse.

Software Product Lines.

Modeling Requirements Variability in Software Product Lines: Feature Modeling.

Modeling Design Variability in Software Product Lines.

Reusable Design Patterns.

Modeling Single Systems with UML.

COMET: A UML-Based Software Design Method for Single Systems.

Modeling Software Product Lines with UML.

UML as a Standard.

Related Texts.

Summary.

2. Design Concepts for Software Product Lines.

Object-Oriented Concepts.

Information Hiding.

Relationships between Classes.

Dynamic Modeling.

Sequential and Concurrent Applications.

Software Architecture and Components.

Summary.

3. Software Product Line Engineering.

Evolutionary Software Product Line Engineering Process.

Software Product Line Engineering Phases.

Forward and Reverse Evolutionary Engineering.

Integration of PLUS with the Spiral Model.

Integration of PLUS with Unified Software Development Process.

Requirements, Analysis, and Design Modeling in Software Product Lines.

Software Product Line Scoping.

Summary.

II. REQUIREMENTS, ANALYSIS, AND DESIGN MODELING FOR SOFTWARE PRODUCT LINES.

4. Use Case Modeling for Software Product Lines.

The Use Case Model in Single Systems.

The Use Case Model for Software Product Lines.

Identifying Use Cases.

Documenting Product Line Use Cases.

Example of a Use Case Description.

Modeling Variability in Use Cases.

Modeling Small Variations.

Modeling Variability with the Extend Relationship.

Modeling Variability with the Include Relationship.

Use Case Development Strategies.

Summary.

5. Feature Modeling for Software Product Lines.

Introduction to Feature Analysis.

Commonality/Variability Feature Analysis.

Features and Use Cases.

Feature Modeling with UML.

Feature Groups.

Advanced Feature Modeling with UML.

Summary.

6. Static Modeling in Software Product Lines.

Modeling Commonality and Variability in Product Lines.

Static Modeling of the Software Product Line Problem Domain.

Static Modeling of the Software Product Line Scope.

Static Modeling of Entity Classes.

Modeling Application Classes and Objects.

Summary.

7. Dynamic Interaction Modeling for Software Product Lines.

Dynamic Modeling in Single Systems.

Evolutionary Dynamic Modeling in Software Product Lines.

Kernel First Approach.

Software Product Line Evolution Approach.

Message Sequence Numbering on Interaction Diagrams.

Example of Evolutionary Dynamic Analysis for the Microwave Oven Product Line.

Summary.

8. Finite State Machines and Statecharts for Software Product Lines.

Finite State Machines for Kernel and Single Systems.

Hierarchical Statecharts.

Finite State Machines and Statecharts for Software Product Lines.

Inherited State Machines in Software Product Lines.

Parameterized State Machines in Software Product Lines.

Comparison of Approaches.

Kernel First Approach: State-Dependent Dynamic Analysis.

Software Product Line Evolution Approach.

Dynamic Analysis with Communicating State-Dependent Objects.

Summary.

9. Feature/Class Dependency Modeling for Software Product Lines.

Classes and Variation Points.

Class Reuse Categorization for Software Product Lines.

Feature/Class Dependencies.

Feature-Based Impact Analysis.

Feature/Object and Feature/Class Dependency Modeling in UML.

Summary.

10. Architectural Patterns for Software Product Lines.

Categorization of Software Patterns.

Software Architectural Structure Patterns.

Software Architectural Communication Patterns.

Software Architectural Transaction Patterns.

Documenting Software Architectural Patterns.

Applying Software Architectural Patterns.

Summary.

11. Software Product Line Architectural Design: Component-Based Design.

Software Architecture Issues.

Configurable Architectures and Software Components.

Steps in Designing Distributed Applications.

Design of Software Architecture.

Design of Component-Based Software Architecture.

Separation of Concerns in Component Design.

Aggregate and Composite Subsystems.

Component Structuring Criteria.

Design of Server Components.

Distribution of Data.

Design of Component Interfaces.

Design of Components.

Summary.

12. Software Application Engineering.

Phases in Software Application Engineering.

Software Application Engineering with the USDP.

Application Deployment.

Tradeoffs in Software Application Engineering.

Example of Software Application Engineering.

Summary.

III. CASE STUDIES.

13. Microwave Oven Software Product Line Case Study.

Problem Description.

Use Case Modeling.

Feature Modeling.

Static Modeling.

Dynamic Modeling.

Software Product Line Evolution.

Feature/Class Dependency Analysis.

Design Modeling.

Software Application Engineering.

14. Electronic Commerce Software Product Line Case Study.

Problem Description.

Use Case Modeling.

Feature Modeling.

Static Modeling.

Dynamic Modeling.

Software Product Line Evolution.

Feature/Class Dependency Analysis.

Design Modeling.

Software Application Engineering.

15. Factory Automation Software Product Line Case Study.

Problem Description.

Use Case Modeling.

Feature Modeling.

Static Modeling.

Dynamic Modeling.

Software Product Line Evolution.

Feature/Class Dependency Analysis.

Design Modeling.

Software Application Engineering.

Appendix A: Overview of the UML Notation.

UML Diagrams.

Use Case Diagrams.

Classes and Objects.

Class Diagrams.

Interaction Diagrams.

Statechart Diagrams.

Packages.

Concurrent Communication Diagrams.

Deployment Diagrams.

UML Extension Mechanisms.

Conventions Used in This Book.

Summary.

Appendix B: Catalog of Software Architectural Patterns.

Software Architectural Structure Patterns.

Software Architectural Communication Patterns.

Software Architectural Transaction Patterns.

Glossary.

Bibliography.

Index.

描述：
「使用UML設計軟體產品線」是一本寫得很好、充滿資訊且涉及一個非常重要主題的書籍。它對這個領域的文獻做出了寶貴的貢獻，並為軟體架構師和工程師提供了實用的指導。
- Alan Brown
傑出工程師，Rational Software，IBM軟體集團

Gomaa的流程和UML擴展使開發團隊能夠專注於面向特性的開發，並為多個軟體開發項目提供改進重複使用程度的基礎。這本書對任何需要跨項目進行管理並希望專注於創建一致、可重複使用和模塊化軟體的軟體開發專業人員都很有價值。
- Jeffrey S Hammond
群組市場經理，Rational Software，IBM軟體集團

這本書將一系列概念結合在一起，以理解軟體產品線並提供一種使用面向對象技術和UML開發產品線的有組織方法。一次又一次地，Hassan在平衡有經驗和新手軟體工程師的需求方面做得非常出色。
- Robert G. Pettit IV, Ph.D.
軟體工程兼職教授，喬治梅森大學

這本突破性的書籍提供了一種全面的逐步方法，介紹如何開發軟體產品線，對業界具有重大戰略價值。軟體產品線的開發能夠大幅重複使用軟體架構。從明確定義的PLUS流程和豐富的案例研究中，從業人員將受益匪淺。
- Hurley V. Blankenship II
程式經理，Justice and Public Safety，Science Applications International Corporation

「產品線UML基於軟體工程（PLUS）」是領先的。憑藉作者廣泛的經驗和深厚的知識，PLUS與架構和設計模式技術相得益彰。
- Michael Shin
助理教授，德州理工大學

在傳統製造業中長期以來的標準做法，產品線的概念正在軟體行業中迅速獲得認可。軟體產品線是一個系列共享一組核心技術資產並具有預先計劃的擴展和變體以滿足特定客戶或市場段的需求的系統家族。如果能巧妙實施產品線策略，將能在生產力、品質和上市時間方面獲得巨大的收益。研究表明，如果要開發三個或更多具有一定共同功能的系統，採用產品線方法顯著節省成本。

為了對系統家族進行建模和設計，需要擴展單一產品系統的分析和設計概念以支持產品線。《使用UML設計軟體產品線》展示了如何使用最新版本的行業標準統一建模語言（UML 2.0）來重複使用軟體需求和架構，而不是從頭開始開發每個新系統。通過實際案例研究，本書說明了設計和實施軟體產品線所使用的基本概念和技術。

本書描述了一種名為PLUS（基於產品線UML的軟體工程）的新型基於UML的產品線軟體設計方法。PLUS提供了一套概念和技術，以在新的維度上擴展基於UML的單一系統設計方法和流程，以應對軟體產品線中的共性和變異性。Hassan Gomaa探討了如何擴展UML建模視圖（用例、靜態、狀態機和交互建模）以添加產品線功能。