Toward Replacement Parts for the Brain : Implantable Biomimetic Electronics as Neural Prostheses (Hardcover)

Description:

The continuing development of implantable neural prostheses signals a new era in bioengineering and neuroscience research. This collection of essays outlines current advances in research on the intracranial implantation of devices that can communicate with the brain in order to restore sensory, motor, or cognitive functions. The contributors explore the creation of biologically realistic mathematical models of brain function, the production of microchips that incorporate those models, and the integration of microchip and brain function through neuron-silicon interfaces. Recent developments in understanding the computational and cognitive properties of the brain and rapid advances in biomedical and computer engineering both contribute to this cutting-edge research.

The book first examines the development of sensory system prostheses -- cochlear, retinal, and visual implants -- as the best foundation for considering the extension of neural prostheses to the central brain region. The book then turns to the complexity of neural representations, offering, among other approaches to the topic, one of the few existing theoretical frameworks for modeling the hierarchical organization of neural systems. Next, it examines the challenges of designing and controlling the interface between neurons and silicon, considering the necessity for bidirectional communication and for multiyear duration of the implant. Finally, the book looks at hardware implementations and explores possible ways to achieve the complexity of neural function in hardware, including the use of VLSI and photonic technologies.

Theodore W. Berger is Professor of Biomedical Engineering in the School of Engineering at the University of Southern California.

Dennis L. Glanzman is Program Chief for Theoretical and Computational Neuroscience at the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH).

 

Table of Contents:

Preface	vii
I	SENSORY SYSTEMS	1
1	We Made the Deaf Hear. Now What? Gerald E. Loeb	3
2	Microelectronic Array for Stimulation of Large Retinal Tissue Areas Dean Scribner, M. Humayun, Brian Justus, Charles Merritt, R. Klein, J. G. Howard, M. Peckerar, F. K. Perkins, E. Margalit, Kah-Guan Au Eong, J. Weiland, E. de Juan, Jr., J. Finch, R. Graham, C. Trautfield and S. Taylor	15
3	Imaging Two-Dimensional Neural Activity Patterns in the Cat Visual Cortex using a Multielectrode Array David J. Warren, Richard A. Normann and Alexei Koulakov	43
II	NEURAL REPRESENTATIONS	67
4	Brain Parts on Multiple Scales: Examples from the Auditory System Ellen Covey	69
5	A Protocol for Reading the Mind Howard Eichenbaum	91
6	Cognitive Processes in Replacement Brain Parts: A Code for All Reasons Robert Hampson, John Simeral and Sam A. Deadwyler	111
7	Mathematical Modeling as a Basic Tool for Neuromimetic Circuits Gilbert A. Chauvet, P. Chauvet and Theodore W. Berger	129
8	Real-Time Spatiotemporal Databases to Support Human Motor Skills Shahram Ghandeharizadeh	159
III	NEURON/SILICON INTERFACES	175
9	Long-Term Functional Contact between Nerve Cell Networks and Microelectrode Arrays Guenter W. Gross, Emese Dian, Edward G. Keefer, Alexandra Gramowski and Simone Stuewe	177
10	Building Minimalistic Hybrid Neuroelectric Devices James J. Hickman	205
11	The Biotic/Abiotic Interface: Achievements and Foreseeable Challenges Roberta Diaz Brinton, Walid Sousou, Michel Baudry, Mark Thompson and Theodore W. Berger	221
IV	HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATIONS	239
12	Brain-Implantable Biomimetic Electronics as a Neural Prosthesis for Hippocampal Memory Function Theodore W. Berger, Roberta Diaz Brinton, Vasilis Z. Marmarelis, Bing J. Sheu and Armand R. Tanguay, Jr.	241
13	Brain Circuit Implementation: High-Precision Computation from Low-Precision Components Richard Granger	277
14	Hybrid Electronic/Photonic Multichip Modules for Vision and Neural Prosthetic Applications Armand R. Tanguay, Jr. and B. Keith Jenkins	295
15	Reconfigurable Processors for Neural Prostheses Jose Mumbru, Krishna V. Shenoy, George Panotopoulos, Suat Ay, Xin An, Fai Mok and Demetri Psaltis	335
16	The Coming Revolution: The Merging of Computational Neural Science and Semiconductor Engineering Dan Hammerstorm	369
	Contributors	385
	Index	389

描述：
可植入神經假體的持續發展標誌著生物工程和神經科學研究的新時代。這本論文集概述了當前在頭腦內植入能夠與大腦溝通以恢復感官、運動或認知功能的裝置方面的研究進展。作者們探討了創建生物真實的大腦功能數學模型、生產包含這些模型的微芯片以及通過神經元-矽接口將微芯片與大腦功能整合的方法。對大腦的計算和認知特性的最新發展以及生物醫學和計算機工程的快速進步都有助於這項尖端研究。

該書首先檢視了感官系統假體的發展，包括耳蜗、視網膜和視覺假體，作為考慮將神經假體擴展到中樞腦區域的最佳基礎。然後，該書探討了神經表示的複雜性，提供了對該主題的幾種方法之一，即對神經系統的分層組織進行建模的少數現有理論框架之一。接下來，它探討了設計和控制神經元和矽之間接口的挑戰，考慮到雙向通信的必要性和植入物的多年持續時間。最後，該書探討了硬件實現並探索實現硬件中神經功能複雜性的可能方法，包括使用VLSI和光子技術。

Theodore W. Berger是南加州大學工程學院生物醫學工程學教授。

Dennis L. Glanzman是國家精神衛生研究所（NIMH）理論和計算神經科學計劃主管。

目錄：
前言
I. 感官系統
1. 我們讓聾人聽到聲音了，現在該怎麼辦？- Gerald E. Loeb
2. 用於刺激大面積視網膜組織的微電子陣列- Dean Scribner, M. Humayun, Brian Justus, Charles Merritt, R. Klein, J. G. Howard, M. Peckerar, F. K. Perkins, E...