CODE: Collaborative Ownership and the Digital Economy (Hardcover)

Rishab Aiyer Ghosh

  • 出版商: MIT
  • 出版日期: 2005-05-01
  • 售價: $1,140
  • 語言: 英文
  • 頁數: 357
  • 裝訂: Hardcover
  • ISBN: 0262072602
  • ISBN-13: 9780262072601
  • 立即出貨(限量) (庫存=3)

商品描述

Description:

Open source software is considered by many to be a novelty and the open source movement a revolution. Yet the collaborative creation of knowledge has gone on for as long as humans have been able to communicate. CODE looks at the collaborative model of creativity -- with examples ranging from collective ownership in indigenous societies to free software, academic science, and the human genome project -- and finds it an alternative to proprietary frameworks for creativity based on strong intellectual property rights.

Intellectual property rights, argues Rishab Ghosh in his introduction, were ostensibly developed to increase creativity; but today, policy decisions that treat knowledge and art as if they were physical forms of property actually threaten to decrease creativity, limit public access to creativity, and discourage collaborative creativity. "Newton should have had to pay a license fee before being allowed even to see how tall the 'shoulders of giants' were, let alone to stand upon them," he writes.

The contributors to CODE, from such diverse fields as economics, anthropology, law, and software development, examine collaborative creativity from a variety of perspectives, looking at new and old forms of creative collaboration and the mechanisms emerging to study them. Discussing the philosophically resonant issues of ownership, property, and the commons, they ask if the increasing application of the language of property rights to knowledge and creativity constitutes a second enclosure movement -- or if the worldwide acclaim for free software signifies a renaissance of the commons. Two concluding chapters offer concrete possibilities for both alternatives, with one proposing the establishment of "positive intellectual rights" to information and another issuing a warning against the threats to networked knowledge posed by globalization.

Rishab Aiyer Ghosh is Program Leader at the International Institute of Infonomics at Maastricht University. He was one of the founders and is the current managing editor of First Monday, the peer-reviewed Internet journal.

 

Table of Contents:

Series Foreword vii
Acknowledgments ix
1. Why Collaboration is Important (Again)
Rishab Aiyer Ghosh
1
I Creativity and Domains of Collaboration 7
2. Imagined Collectivities and Multiple Authorship
Marilyn Strathern
13
3. Modes of Creativity and the Register of Ownership
James Leach
29
4. Some Properties of Culture and Persons
Fred Myers
45
5. Square Pegs in Round Holes? Cultural Production, Intellectual Property Frameworks, and Discourses of Power
Boatema Boateng
61
6. Who Got Left Our of the Property Grab Again: Oral Traditions, Indigenous Rights, and Valuable Old Knowledge
Anthony Seeger
75
7. From Keeping "Nature's Secrets" to the Institutionalization of "Open Science"
Paul A. David
85
II Mechanisms for Collaboration 109
8. Benefit-Sharing: Experiments in Governance
Cori Hayden
113
9. Trust Among the Algorithms: Ownership, Identity, and the Collaborative Stewardship of Information
Christopher Kelty
127
10. Cooking-Pot Markets and Balanced Value Flows
Rishab Aiyer Ghosh
153
11. Coase's Penguin, or, Linux and the Nature of the Firm
Yochai Benkler
169
12. Paying for Public Goods
James Love and Tim Hubbard
207
III Ownership, Property, and the Commons 231
13. Fencing Off Ideas: Enclosure and the Disappearance of the Public Domain
James Boyle
235
14. A Renaissance of the Commons: How the New Sciences and the Internet are Framing a New Global Identity and Order
John Clippinger and David Bollier
259
15. Positive Intellectual Rights and Information Exchanges
Phillipe Aigrain
287
16. Copyright and Globalization in the Age of Computer Networks
Richard Stallman
317
Contributors 337
Index 343

商品描述(中文翻譯)

描述:
開源軟體被許多人視為一種新奇的事物,而開源運動則被視為一場革命。然而,知識的協同創作已經存在了人類能夠溝通的時間。《CODE》探討了協同創作模式,從原住民社會的集體所有權到自由軟體、學術科學和人類基因組計劃等例子,發現這是一種基於強大知識產權的專有框架之外的創造力替代方案。

Rishab Ghosh在導言中認為,知識產權旨在增加創造力,但如今,將知識和藝術視為物質形式的政策決策實際上威脅到創造力的減少,限制了公眾對創造力的接觸,並阻礙了協同創造力。他寫道:“牛頓甚至在看到‘巨人的肩膀’有多高之前,都應該支付許可費,更不用說站在上面了。”

《CODE》的貢獻者來自經濟學、人類學、法律和軟體開發等多個領域,從不同的角度探討協同創造力,研究新舊形式的創造性協作和相應的機制。他們討論了所有權、財產和公共領域等具有哲學共鳴的問題,並問道,將財產權的語言越來越多地應用於知識和創造力是否構成了第二次圍地運動,或者自由軟體的全球讚譽是否意味著公共領域的復興。最後兩章提出了兩種具體的替代方案,一種是建立“積極的知識產權”以保護信息,另一種是警告全球化對網絡知識的威脅。

Rishab Aiyer Ghosh是馬斯垂克大學國際信息經濟學研究所的項目負責人。他是《First Monday》這本同行評審的互聯網期刊的創辦人之一,也是現任主編。

目錄:
系列前言
致謝
1. 為什麼協作很重要(再次)
2. 知識的共享
3. 開源軟體的經濟學
4. 開源軟體的社會學
5. 開源軟體的法律
6. 開源軟體的政治
7. 開源軟體的教育
8. 開源軟體的科學
9. 開源軟體的藝術
10. 開源軟體的哲學
11. 開源軟體的未來
索引