A Hammer in Their Hands: A Documentary History of Technology and the African-American Experience (Hardcover)
暫譯: 他們手中的鐵鎚：技術與非裔美國人經驗的紀實歷史 (精裝版)

Carroll W. Pursell

A Hammer in Their Hands: A Documentary History of Technology and the African-American Experience (Hardcover)

商品描述

Description:

Scholars working at the intersection of African-American history and the history of technology are redefining the idea of technology to include the work of the skilled artisan and the ingenuity of the self-taught inventor. Although denied access through most of American history to many new technologies and to the privileged education of the engineer, African-Americans have been engaged with a range of technologies, as makers and as users, since the colonial era. A Hammer in Their Hands (the title comes from the famous song about John Henry, "the steel-driving man" who beat the steam drill) collects newspaper and magazine articles, advertisements for runaway slaves, letters, folklore, excerpts from biography and fiction, legal patents, protest pamphlets, and other primary sources to document the technological achievements of African-Americans.

Included in this rich and varied collection are a letter from Cotton Mather describing an early method of smallpox inoculation brought from Africa by a slave; selections from Frederick Douglass's autobiography and Uncle Tom's Cabin; the Confederate Patent Act, which barred slaves from holding patents; articles from 1904 by Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. DuBois, debating the issue of industrial education for African-Americans; a 1924 article from Negro World, "Automobiles and Jim Crow Regulations"; a photograph of an all-black World War II combat squadron; and a 1998 presidential executive order on environmental justice. A Hammer in Their Hands and its companion volume of essays, Technology and the African-American Experience (MIT Press, 2004) will be essential references in an emerging area of study.

Carroll Pursell is Adjunct Professor of Modern History at Macquarie University, Australia.

 

Table of Contents:

Introduction xi
I Colonial Era 1
1 African Medicine in the New World 3
Cotton Mather on Smallpox Inoculation (1716) 5
An Account of the Method and Success of Inoculating the Small-Pox in Boston (1722) 6
2 New World Skills 7
Runaway Slave Advertisements 9
A Profile of Runaway Slaves in Virginia and South Carolina from 1730 through 1787
Lathan Algerna Windley		 12
Advertisement for a Fugitive Slave (1769)
Thomas Jefferson		 14
Letter from Benjamin Banneker to the Secretary of State, with His Answer (1792)
Benjamin Banneker and Thomas Jefferson		 15
II Antebellum Years 21
3 The Persistence of Craft 23
Advertisements for Runaway Slaves in Virginia, 1801-1820
Daniel Meaders		 25
Life and Times of Frederick Douglass (1882)
Frederick Douglass		 29
The Fugitive Blacksmith; or, Events in the History of James W, C. Pennington 37
Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852)
Harriet Beecher Stowe		 40
A Journey in the Slave States (1856) and A Journey in the Back Country (1861)
Frederick Law Olmsted		 44
His Promised Land: The Autobiography of John P. Parker, Former Slave and Conductor on the Underground Railroad
John P. Parker		 49
Layout of Parker's Phoenix Foundry (1884) 54
U.S. Patent to John Percial Parker for a Soil-Pulverizer (1890) 55
Tending a Cotton Gin (1853) 58
4 The New Industrial Age 59
Notes on North America, Agricultural, Economical, and Social (1851)
James F. W. Johnston		 61
Scenes from Oak Lawn, Lousiana Plantation (1864) 64
Slave Labor as Reported in Nile's Weekly Register (1849) and DeBow's Southern and Western Review (1851) 66
The History of the First Locomotives in America (1874)
William H. Brown		 71
Advertisement in The Liberator Seeking Colored Inventors (1834) 74
U.S. Patent to Norbert Rillieux for an "Improvement in Sugar-Works" (1843) 75
U.S. Patent to Norbert Rillieux for an "Improvement in Sugar-Making" (1846) 87
The Confederate Patent Act (1861) 89
III War, Reconstruction, and Segregation 91
5 Finding a Place in the Industrial Age 93
Mechanism and Art (1873) 95
Using Jokes to Invent the Expert 97
John Henry, The Steel Driving Man (1929) 98
The Eclipse Clothes Wringer (c. 1880s) 100
Woman with Bicycle (c. 1890s) 101
The Taint of the Bicycle (1902)
W. F. Fonvielle		 102
IV The Progressive Era 107
6 Training for the Industrial Age 109
Comments on the Advisibility of Instructing Engineering Students in the History of the Engineering Profession (1903)
L. S. Randolph		 111
Industrial Education; Will It Solve the Negro Problem, II (1904)
Booker T. Washington		 113
The Training of Negroes for Social Power (1904)
W. E. B. DuBois		 120
Industrial Education--Will It Solve the Negro Problem (1904)
Fannie Barrier		 127
Working with the Hands (1904)
Booker T. Washington		 132
How Electricity is Taught at Tuskegee (1904)
Charles W. Pierce		 136
Racial Progress as Reported in The Colored American Magazine (1902) 142
The American Negro Artisan (1904)
Thomas J. Calloway		 144
Results of Some Hard Experiences: A Plain Talk to Young Men (1902)
William H. Dorkins		 153
Manufacturing Household Articles (1904)
Samuel R. Scottron		 157
The Career of Mechanic John G. Howard (1902) 161
7 Inventors 163
The Colored Inventor: A Record of Fifty Years (1913)
Henry E. Baker		 165
Clara Frye, A Woman Inventor (1907) 172
U.S. Patent to Garret A. Morgan for a "Breathing Device" (1914) 174
V Between the World Wars 179
8 The Rural South 181
You May Plow Here: The Narrative of Sara Brooks
Sara Brooks		 183
Cotton Picking Machines and Southern Agriculture 189
We (1927)
Charles Lindbergh		 191
9 Industrial Employment 193
Tuskegee Ideals in Industrial Education (1926)
Joseph L. Whiting		 195
Women at Work: A Century of Industrial Change (1934) 199
The Typewriter (1926)
Dorothy West		 202
10 The Automobile 209
Automobiles and Jim Crow Regulations (1924) 211
Through the Windshield (1933)
Alfred Edgar Smith		 212
Running the Red Light (Tilman C. Cothran) 216
U.S. Patent to G. A. Morgan for a "Traffic Signal" (1923) 217
VI World War II and the Cold War 221
11 Learning to Fly 223
Soaring above Setbacks: The Autobiography of Janet Harmon Bragg, African American Aviator
Janet Harmon Bragg		 225
Coffey School of Aeronautics (1944) and 99th Pursuit Squadron, Air Unit (1942) 226
Lt. Clarence "Lucky" Lester 229
12 War Work 231
Negro Workers and the National Defense Program (1942) 233
A Black Woman at Work in a Wartime Airplane Assembly Plant 245
Graduate Technicians and National Technical Association (1944) 246
Defense and Wartime Employment (1946-1947) 248
Bay Area Council against Discrimination, San Francisco (1942) 252
13 After the War 255
Elm City, A Negro Community in Action (1945)
C. L. Spellman		 257
Mechanization in Agriculture (1941-1946) 260
The Negro in the Aerospace Industry (1968)
Herbert R. Northrup		 265
VII The Movement and Beyond 277
14 Setting a Political Agenda 279
Revolution in a Technological Society (1971)
Samuel D. Proctor		 281
15 Ties to Africa 289
Mickey Leland and the USAID Bureau for Africa 291
Solar Cooking Demonstration in Akwasiho Village, Ghana
Hattie Carwell		 295
16 Engineering Careers 301
Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering 303
History of the National Society of Black Engineers (1997)
Jerry Good		 309
Black Women Engineers and Technologists
Valerie L. Thomas		 313
Careers in Science and Technology (1993) 330
17 Accessing the Information Age 339
Bridging the Racial Divide on the Internet (1998)
Donna L. Hoffman and Thomas P. Novak		 341
Cyberghetto: Blacks Are Falling through the Net (1998)
Frederick L. McKissack, Jr.		 348
Troubletown (1998) 352
The Black Technological Entrepreneur (1999)
Janet Stites		 353
18 Technological Troubles 357
A Place at the Table: A Sierra Roundtable on Race, Justice, and the Environment, and The Letter That Shook a Movement (1993) 359
Neighbors Rally to Fight Proposed Waste-Burner (1992) 371
United States to Weigh Blacks' Complaints about Pollution (1993) 374
Presidential Executive Order 12898--Environmental Justice 377
Study Attacks "Environmental Justice" (1994) 380
New York Seminarian Promotes Environmental Justice in Africa (1996)
Paulette V. Walker		 382
Further Readings 385
Index 387

商品描述(中文翻譯)

描述：
在非裔美國歷史與技術歷史交匯處工作的學者們正在重新定義技術的概念，將熟練工匠的工作和自學發明家的創造力納入其中。儘管在美國歷史的大部分時間裡，非裔美國人被剝奪了接觸許多新技術和工程師特權教育的機會，但自殖民時代以來，他們作為創造者和使用者，始終與各種技術保持互動。《他們手中的錘子》（書名來自於著名歌曲，講述約翰·亨利——“鋼鐵鑿子”）收集了報紙和雜誌文章、逃亡奴隸的廣告、信件、民間傳說、自傳和小說的摘錄、法律專利、抗議小冊子及其他原始資料，以記錄非裔美國人的技術成就。

這個豐富多樣的收藏中包括了：科頓·馬瑟（Cotton Mather）描述的一種早期天花接種方法的信件，該方法由一名奴隸從非洲帶來；弗雷德里克·道格拉斯（Frederick Douglass）的自傳和《湯姆叔叔的小屋》（Uncle Tom's Cabin）的選段；禁止奴隸持有專利的《南方專利法》；1904年布克·T·華盛頓（Booker T. Washington）和W.E.B.杜波依斯（W. E. B. DuBois）就非裔美國人的工業教育問題進行辯論的文章；1924年《黑人世界》（Negro World）上的一篇文章《汽車與吉姆·克勞法規》（Automobiles and Jim Crow Regulations）；一張全黑的二戰作戰小隊的照片；以及1998年有關環境正義的總統行政命令。《他們手中的錘子》及其伴隨的論文集《技術與非裔美國人的經驗》（Technology and the African-American Experience，麻省理工學院出版社，2004年）將成為這一新興研究領域的重要參考資料。

卡羅爾·珀塞爾（Carroll Pursell）是澳大利亞麥考瑞大學（Macquarie University）現代歷史的兼任教授。

目錄：
引言
殖民時代
1. 新世界的非洲醫學
科頓·馬瑟對天花接種的看法（1716年）
在波士頓接種天花的方法及其成功的報告（1722年）
2. 新世界技能
逃亡奴隸廣告
1730年至1787年維吉尼亞州和南卡羅來納州逃亡奴隸的概況
逃亡奴隸的廣告（1769年）
本傑明·班尼克（Benjamin Banneker）致國務卿的信及其回覆（1792年）
II. 南北戰爭前的歲月
3. 工藝的持續性
1801年至1820年維吉尼亞州逃亡奴隸的廣告
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯的《生活與時代》（1882年）
逃亡鐵匠；或詹姆斯·W.C.·彭寧頓的歷史事件
《湯姆叔叔的小屋》（1852年）
《奴隸州的旅行》（1856年）和《內陸旅行》（1861年）
他的應許之地：前奴隸及地下鐵路的指揮者約翰·P·帕克的自傳
帕克的鳳凰鑄造廠佈局（1884年）
約翰·珀西爾·帕克的土壤粉碎機專利（1890年）
管理棉花機（1853年）

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