RapidIO: The Embedded System Interconnect

Description:

RapidIO - The Embedded System Interconnect brings together one essential volume on RapidIO interconnect technology, providing a major reference work for the evaluation and understanding of RapidIO. Covering essential aspects of the specification, it also answers most usage questions from both hardware and software engineers. It will also serve as a companion text to the specifications when developing or working with the RapidIO interconnect technology. Including the history of RapidIO and case of studies of RapidIO deployment, this really is the definitive reference guide for this new area of technology.

 

Table of Contents:

Preface.

1 The Interconnect Problem.

1.1 Processor Performance and Bandwidth Growth.

1.2 Multiprocessing.

1.3 System of Systems.

1.4 Problems with Traditional Buses.

1.5 The Market Problem.

1.6 RapidIO: A New Approach.

1.7 Where Will it be Used?

1.8 An Analogy.

References.

2 RapidIO Technology.

2.1 Philosophy.

2.2 The Specification Hierarchy.

2.3 RapidIO Protocol Overview.

2.4 Packet Format.

2.5 Transaction Formats and Types.

2.6 Message Passing.

2.7 Globally Shared Memory.

2.8 Future Extensions.

2.9 Flow Control.

2.10 The Parallel Physical Layer.

2.11 The Serial Physical Layer.

2.12 Link Protocol.

2.13 Maintenance and Error Management.

2.14 Performance.

2.15 Operation Latency.

References.

3 Devices, Switches, Transactions and Operations.

3.1 Processing Element Models.

3.2 I/O Processing Element.

3.3 Switch Processing Element.

3.4 Operations and Transactions.

4 I/O Logical Operations.

4.1 Introduction.

4.2 Request Class Transactions.

4.3 Response Class Transactions.

4.4 A Sample Read Operation.

4.5 Write Operations.

4.6 Streaming Writes.

4.7 Atomic Operations.

4.8 Maintenance Operations.

4.9 Data Alignment.

5 Messaging Operations.

5.1 Introduction.

5.2 Message Transactions.

5.3 Mailbox Structures.

5.4 Outbound Mailbox Structures.

6 System Level Addressing in RapidIO Systems.

6.1 System Topology.

6.2 Switch-based Systems.

6.3 System Packet Routing.

6.4 Field Alignment and Definition.

6.5 Routing Maintenance Packets.

7 The Serial Physical Layer.

7.1 Packets.

7.2 Control Symbols.

7.3 PCS and PMA Layers.

7.4 Using the Serial Physical Layer.

7.5 Transaction and Packet Delivery Ordering Rules.

7.6 Error Detection and Recovery.

7.7 Retimers and Repeaters.

7.8 The Electrical Interface.

8 Parallel Physical Layer Protocol.

8.1 Packet Formats.

8.2 Control Symbol Formats.

8.3 Control Symbol Transmission Alignment.

8.4 Packet Start and Control Symbol Delineation.

8.5 Packet Exchange Protocol.

8.6 Field Placement and Definition.

8.7 Link Maintenance Protocol.

8.8 Packet Termination.

8.9 Packet Pacing.

8.10 Embedded Control Symbols.

8.11 Packet Alignment.

8.12 System Maintenance.

8.13 System Clocking Considerations.

8.14 Board Routing Guidelines.

9 Interoperating with PCI Technologies.

9.1 Address Map Considerations.

9.2 Transaction Flow.

9.3 PCI-X to RapidIO Transaction Flow.

9.4 RapidIO to PCI Transaction Mapping.

9.5 Operation Ordering and Transaction Delivery.

9.6 Interactions with Globally Shared Memory.

9.7 Byte Lane and Byte Enable Usage.

9.8 Error Management.

10 RapidIO Bringup and Initialization Programming.

10.1 Overview of the System Bringup Process.

10.2 System Application Programming Interfaces.

10.3 System Bringup Example.

11 Advanced Features.

11.1 System-level Flow Control.

11.2 Error Management Extensions.

11.3 Memory Coherency Support.

11.4 Multicasting Transactions in RapidIO.

11.5 Multicasting Symbols.

12 Data Streaming Logical Layer (Chuck Hill).

12.1 Introduction.

12.2 Type 9 Packet Format (Data Streaming Class).

12.3 Virtual Streams.

12.4 Configuring Data Streaming Systems.

12.5 Advanced Traffic Management.

12.6 Using Data Streaming.

13 Applications of the RapidIO Interconnect Technology.

13.1 RapidIO in Storage Systems.

13.2 RapidIO in Cellular Wireless Infrastructure (Alan Gatherer and Peter Olanders).

13.3 Fault-tolerant Systems and RapidIO (Victor Menasce).

References.

14 Developing RapidIO Hardware (Richard O’Connor).

14.1 Introduction.

14.2 Implementing a RapidIO End Point.

14.3 Supporting Functions.

14.4 Implementing a RapidIO Switch.

14.5 Summary.

15 Implementation Benefits of the RapidIO Interconnect Technology in FPGAs (Nupur Shah).

15.1 Building the Ecosystem.

15.2 Advances in FPGA Technology.

15.3 Multiprotocol Support for the Embedded Environment.

15.4 Simple Handshake.

15.5 Low Buffering Overhead.

15.6 Efficient Error Coverage.

15.7 Conclusion.

16 Application of RapidIO to Mechanical Environments (David Wickliff).

16.1 Helpful Features for Mechanical Environments.

16.2 Channel Characteristics.

16.3 Industry Standard Mechanical Platforms Supporting RapidIO.

16.4 Summary.

Appendix A: RapidIO Logical and Transport Layer Registers.

A.1 Reserved Register and Bit Behavior.

A.2 Capability Registers (CARs).

A.3 Command and Status Registers (CSRs).

A.4 Extended Features Data Structure.

Appendix B: Serial Physical Layer Registers.

B.1 Generic End Point Devices.

B.2 Generic End Point Devices: Software-assisted Error Recovery Option.

Appendix C: Parallel Physical Layer Registers.

C.1 Generic End Point Devices.

C.2 Generic End Point Devices: Software-assisted Error Recovery Option.

C.3 Switch Devices.

Appendix D: Error Management Extensions Registers.

D.1 Additions to Existing Registers.

D.2 New Error Management Register.

Index.

描述：
RapidIO - 嵌入式系統互連，是一本關於RapidIO互連技術的重要參考書籍，提供了對RapidIO的評估和理解的主要參考資料。該書涵蓋了規範的基本方面，並回答了硬體和軟體工程師的大部分使用問題。在開發或使用RapidIO互連技術時，它也可以作為規範的伴侶文本。本書包括RapidIO的歷史和案例研究，是這一新技術領域的權威參考指南。

目錄：
前言。
1. 互連問題。
1.1 處理器性能和頻寬增長。
1.2 多處理。
1.3 系統之間的互連。
1.4 傳統匯流排的問題。
1.5 市場問題。
1.6 RapidIO：一種新的方法。
1.7 它將在哪裡使用？
1.8 一個類比。
參考文獻。
2. RapidIO技術。
2.1 哲學。
2.2 規範層次結構。
2.3 RapidIO協議概述。
2.4 封包格式。
2.5 事務格式和類型。
2.6 消息傳遞。
2.7 全球共享記憶體。
2.8 未來擴展。
2.9 流量控制。
2.10 平行物理層。
2.11 串行物理層。
2.12 連接協議。
2.13 維護和錯誤管理。
2.14 性能。
2.15 操作延遲。
參考文獻。
3. 裝置、交換機、事務和操作。
3.1 處理元件模型。
3.2 I/O處理元件。
3.3 交換機處理元件。
3.4 操作和事務。
4. I/O邏輯操作。
4.1 簡介。
4.2 請求類別事務。
4.3 回應類別事務。
4.4 一個示例讀取操作。
4.5 寫操作。
4.6 流式寫入。
4.7 原子操作。
4.8 維護操作。
4.9 數據對齊。
5. Mess