Quantitative Phase Microscopy and Tomography: Techniques Using Partially Spatially Coherent Monochromatic Light

Quantitative phase Microscopy (QPM) has become an important imaging technique in biology for investigating cells and tissues. QPM is an optical interference or holographic microscopic technique in which an input light beam is divided into two beams and one passes through the object and the other acts as a reference beam.

This book develops and describes the most advanced QPM techniques and computational imaging techniques using partially spatially coherent monochromatic light rather than highly coherent lasers. Using partially coherent light as a light source instead of a traditional laser has significantly improved QPM imaging results. Imaging techniques that will be discussed include speckle-free QPM both off-axis and common path interferometric configurations, structured illumination phase microscopy (SIPM), chip-based nanoscopy, machine learning, deep learning and artificial intelligence (AI) in phase microscopy and OCT and Multi-spectral and hyper-spectral phase microscopy. Coherent-noise free QPM techniques described in this book leads to an order of magnitude improved spatial phase sensitivity, space-bandwidth product, and high temporal phase stability. The technique was utilized for sperm cells, macrophages, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, cancer cells and RBCs for precise QPM. We have demonstrated that partially spatially coherent monochromatic light is most suitable source for high precision QPM.

The text is highly useful for biologists, optical engineers, optical scientists, researchers working in QPM and OCT, and graduate and post graduate students.

Key Features

• Presents advances in quantitative phase microscopy and applications for quantitative information.

• Includes strategies for generating spatially partially coherent monochromatic light.

• Presents coherence-artifacts free off-axis and common path QPM configurations and various algorithms, such as, Fourier Transform and Phase Shifting fringe analysis techniques for phase reconstruction.

• Describes advances in QPM and optical coherence tomography (OCT), such as, Machine learning, Support Vector Method and Artificial intelligence architecture for phase analysis.

• Contains experimental results on the QPM systems with partially spatially coherent light with significant improvement in spatial-phase sensitivity and phase measurement accuracy compared to coherent laser light.

• Contains label-free quantitative analysis of various biological cells and tissues, such as, sperm cells, macrophages, liver sinusoidal cells, and cancerous cells.

• Contains futuristic speckle-free multi-spectral and hyperspectral QPM techniques.

量化相位顯微術（QPM）已成為生物學中重要的影像技術，用於研究細胞和組織。QPM是一種光學干涉或全息顯微術技術，其中輸入光束被分為兩束，一束通過物體，另一束作為參考光束。

本書開發並描述了最先進的QPM技術和使用部分空間相干單色光而非高度相干激光的計算成像技術。相較於傳統激光，使用部分相干光作為光源顯著提高了QPM的成像結果。將討論的成像技術包括無斑點QPM的離軸和共軸干涉配置、結構照明相位顯微術（SIPM）、基於晶片的納米顯微術、機器學習、深度學習和人工智能（AI）在相位顯微術、光學相干斷層掃描（OCT）以及多光譜和高光譜相位顯微術中的應用。本書描述的無相干噪聲QPM技術可提高一個數量級的空間相位靈敏度、空間頻寬產品和高時間相位穩定性。該技術已應用於精確的QPM研究，包括精子細胞、巨噬細胞、肝臟竇腔內皮細胞、癌細胞和紅血球。我們已證明，部分空間相干單色光是高精度QPM的最適光源。

本書對生物學家、光學工程師、光學科學家、從事QPM和OCT研究的研究人員以及研究生和博士生非常有用。

主要特點：
- 提出了量化相位顯微術的進展和定量信息應用。
- 包括生成部分空間相干單色光的策略。
- 提供無相干噪聲的離軸和共軸QPM配置以及各種算法，如傅立葉變換和相位移干涉條紋分析技術用於相位重建。
- 描述了QPM和光學相干斷層掃描（OCT）的進展，如機器學習、支持向量方法和人工智能架構用於相位分析。
- 包含使用部分空間相干光的QPM系統的實驗結果，相較於相干激光，空間相位靈敏度和相位測量精度顯著提高。
- 包含各種生物細胞和組織的無標記定量分析，如精子細胞、巨噬細胞、肝臟竇腔細胞和癌細胞。
- 包含未來的無斑點多光譜和高光譜QPM技術。