Artificial Intelligence Perspective for Smart Cities

The concept of a "smart city" is used widely in general; however, it is hard to explain because of the complexity and multidimensionality of this notion. However, the essential qualification for being a smart city is to achieve "sustainable social, environmental, and economic development" and boost the living standards of society based on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Artificial intelligence (AI). AI in smart cities has become an important aspect for cities that face great challenges to make smart decisions for social well-being, particularly cybersecurity and corporate sustainability. In this context, we aim to contribute literature with a value-added approach where various AI applications of smart cities are discussed from a different perspective. First, we start by discussing the conceptual design, modeling, and determination of components for the sustainability of a smart city structure. Since smart cities operate on spatial-based data, it is important to design, operate, and manage smart city elements using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) technologies. Second, we define the structure, type, unit, and functionality of the layers to be placed on the GIS to achieve best practices based on Industry 4.0 components. Transportation is one of the key indicators of smart cities, so it is critical to make transportation in smart cities accessible for different disabled groups by using AI technologies. Third, we demonstrate what kinds of technologies should be used for which disabled groups in different transportation vehicles with specific examples. Finally, we create a discussion platform for processes and sub-processes such as waste management, emergency management, risk management, and data management for establishing smart cities including the financial and ethical aspects.

「智慧城市」的概念在一般情況下被廣泛使用，然而，由於這個概念的複雜性和多維性，很難解釋清楚。然而，成為智慧城市的基本資格是基於資訊和通訊技術（ICT）和人工智慧（AI）實現「可持續社會、環境和經濟發展」，並提升社會生活水平。在智慧城市中，人工智慧已成為一個重要方面，對於面臨重大挑戰的城市來說，能夠做出智慧決策，特別是在社會福祉、網絡安全和企業可持續性方面。在這個背景下，我們旨在以增值的方式貢獻文獻，從不同的角度討論智慧城市的各種人工智慧應用。首先，我們從討論智慧城市結構的概念設計、建模和組件確定開始。由於智慧城市運作基於空間數據，因此使用地理信息系統（GIS）技術來設計、運營和管理智慧城市元素非常重要。其次，我們定義在GIS上放置的層的結構、類型、單位和功能，以實現基於工業4.0組件的最佳實踐。交通是智慧城市的關鍵指標之一，因此使用人工智慧技術使不同殘障群體能夠使用智慧城市的交通工具至關重要。第三，我們展示了應該為不同交通工具的不同殘障群體使用哪些技術，並給出了具體的例子。最後，我們為建立智慧城市，包括財務和道德方面，創建了一個討論平台，用於過程和子過程，如廢物管理、緊急管理、風險管理和數據管理。

Professor Vahap Tecim is a founder director of Management Information Systems (MIS) department, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey. With more than 30 years of experience in MIS, IT, IS, DSS, GIS and AI, he has carried out innovative studies in both training and applications. He has seven books and several articles on these subjects. He has given various seminars and participated in many conferences to share his work/experiences on GIS and MIS. Professor Tecim obtained his BA in Economics from Dokuz Eylul University in 1988, his MA in of Econometrics from Dokuz Eylul University in 1990, his MSc in Systems Science from University of Ottawa in 1993, and his PhD in Management Science/Operations Research from Lancaster University in 1997. He worked as a MIS & GIS Expert after 1999 Marmara earthquake, in the Governorships of Sakarya, Bolu and Düzce to establish GIS for their decision-making process and the redevelopment of the cities (1999-2003). He also worked as a GIS Expert for UNICEF CARK countries to train people on how to use GIS for their important logistics programs, etc. Tecim works as a referee and editor in many journals and is the owner, publisher and editor-in-chief of the Journal of Management Information Systems. His research interests include Management Information Systems, Geographical Information Systems, Decision Support Systems, Information Technology, Information Management, Information Systems, Artficial Intelligence, Industry 4.0, Internet of Things, Content Management, Distance Education. He has been working on the development of artificial intelligence-based training modules in Dokuz Eylül University Distance Education Center, which he founded and administered for 7 years. Since 1999, he has been working on the concept of IT-based smart cities. He is an active member of AIS, TRAIS, Informatics Association of Turkey (TBD), IZAD (Disaster Association of Izmir). He is married and has a daughter.

Associate Professor Sezer Bozkus Kahyaoglu, CIA, CFSA, CRMA, CFE, CICP, CPA Sezer Bozkus Kahyaoglu graduated from Bosporus University in 1993 with honor degree B.Sc. in Management. Sezer had a Master's degree in Money Banking and Finance at Sheffield University and Certification in Retail Banking from Manchester Business School, both with a joint scholarship of British Council and Turkish Bankers Association. After finishing her doctoral studies, she earned a doctorate in Econometrics from Dokuz Eylul University in 2015. Between 1993 and 2004, Sezer worked in banking sector in various positions of head office. Sezer had worked at Turkish Derivatives Exchange (TurkDEX- VOB) for two years as the founding member and head of Audit and Investigations Department. In addition, Sezer worked in KPMG Risk Consulting Services as Senior Manager between the years 2007 and 2012. Afterwards, Sezer joined to Grant Thornton as founding partner of advisory services and had worked there for two years in Business Risk Services. Then, Dr. Sezer worked in SMM Technology and Risk Consulting as Partner responsible for ERP Risk Consulting. During this period, Sezer had been a lecturer in Istanbul Bilgi University at Accounting and Auditing Program for eight semesters (2008-2014) and Ankara University Internal Control and Internal Audit Program between 2015 and 2017 for two semesters. Sezer has been an Associate Professor with Izmir Bakircay University since 2018. Sezer has certifications of CIA, CFSA, CRMA, CICP, CFE and CPA as well. Her research interests mainly include Applied Econometrics, Time Series Analysis, Financial Markets and Instruments, Energy Markets, Corporate Governance, Risk Management, Fraud Accounting, Auditing, Coaching, Mentoring and NLP. Assoc. Prof. Sezer has various refereed articles, books and book chapters published via international publication companies. In addition, Sezer is an active member of both IIA and ACFE and supporting the profession by being CREA member (IIA Global), CBOK Steering Committee member (IIA Global), Advisory Board member (ACFE Global), Management Board Member (ACFE-Turkey Chapter). Sezer is married and has a daughter.

Vahap Tecim教授是土耳其伊兹密尔Dokuz Eylul大学管理信息系统（MIS）系的创始主任。他在MIS、IT、IS、DSS、GIS和AI方面拥有超过30年的经验，并在培训和应用方面进行了创新研究。他在这些领域有七本书和多篇文章。他曾举办过各种研讨会，并参加了许多会议，分享他在GIS和MIS方面的工作和经验。Tecim教授于1988年获得Dokuz Eylul大学经济学学士学位，1990年获得Dokuz Eylul大学计量经济学硕士学位，1993年获得渥太华大学系统科学硕士学位，1997年获得兰卡斯特大学管理科学/运筹学博士学位。他在1999年马尔马拉地震后担任MIS和GIS专家，在萨卡里亚、博卢和杜兹切州的州长办公室工作，为他们的决策过程和城市重建建立GIS（1999-2003年）。他还曾在联合国儿童基金会CARK国家担任GIS专家，培训人们如何将GIS应用于重要的物流项目等。Tecim教授在许多期刊中担任审稿人和编辑，并是《管理信息系统杂志》的所有者、出版商和主编。他的研究兴趣包括管理信息系统、地理信息系统、决策支持系统、信息技术、信息管理、信息系统、人工智能、工业4.0、物联网、内容管理、远程教育。他一直在Dokuz Eylül大学远程教育中心开发基于人工智能的培训模块上工作，他创办并管理了该中心长达7年。自1999年以来，他一直致力于基于IT的智能城市的概念。他是AIS、TRAIS、土耳其信息学协会（TBD）、伊兹密尔灾害协会（IZAD）的活跃成员。他已婚，有一个女儿。

Sezer Bozkus Kahyaoglu副教授，CIA，CFSA，CRMA，CFE，CICP，CPA，于1993年以优等学位获得伊斯坦布尔大学管理学学士学位。Sezer在谢菲尔德大学获得货币银行与金融硕士学位，并在曼彻斯特商学院获得零售银行证书，两者均由英国文化协会和土耳其银行家协会联合奖学金资助。在完成博士学业后，她于2015年获得了伊兹密尔Dokuz Eylul大学的计量经济学博士学位。在1993年至2004年期间，Sezer在银行业担任总部的各种职位。Sezer曾在土耳其衍生品交易所（TurkDEX-VOB）工作两年，担任创始成员和审计与调查部门负责人。此外，Sezer在KPMG风险咨询服务公司担任高级经理，时间为2007年至2012年。之后，Sezer加入了格兰特·桑顿（Grant Thornton）担任咨询服务的创始合伙人，并在业务风险服务部门工作了两年。然后，Sezer在SMM Technology and Risk Consulting担任合伙人，负责ERP风险咨询。在此期间，Sezer曾在伊斯坦布尔比尔吉大学会计与审计项目担任讲师，共八个学期（2008-2014年），并在安卡拉大学内部控制和内部审计项目担任讲师，共两个学期（2015-2017年）。Sezer自2018年起担任伊兹密尔巴基尔贾大学副教授。Sezer还拥有CIA，CFSA，CRMA，CICP，CFE和CPA等认证。她的研究兴趣主要包括应用计量经济学，时间序列分析，金融市场和工具，能源市场，公司治理，风险管理，欺诈会计，审计，辅导，指导和NLP。Sezer通过国际出版公司发表了多篇经过同行评议的文章、书籍和书章。此外，Sezer是IIA和ACFE的活跃成员，并通过成为CREA会员（IIA全球），CBOK指导委员会成员来支持该行业。