Digital Twin: A Dynamic System and Computing Perspective

物理系統的數位孿生是一種適應性的電腦類比，存在於雲端並動態適應物理系統的變化。本書介紹了理解和開發數位孿生概念所需的計算、數學和工程背景。它提供了建模/模擬、計算技術、感測器/致動器等背景知識，以開發下一代數位孿生。同時討論了雲端計算、大數據、物聯網、無線通信、高性能計算和區塊鏈等概念。

特點：
- 提供理解數位孿生技術所需的背景材料。
- 呈現數位孿生的計算面向。
- 包括基於物理和替代模型的表示。
- 解決測量和建模中的不確定性問題。
- 討論實際案例研究，涵蓋增材製造、伺服器農場、預測性維護和智慧城市等數位孿生的實施。

本書針對電機、機械、電腦和生產工程的研究生和研究人員。

Dr. Ranjan Ganguli is currently a Senior Research Engineer at Viasat Inc. in Phoenix, USA. He received his MS and PhD degrees from the Department of Aerospace Engineering at the University of Maryland, College Park, USA in 1991 and 1994, respectively, and his B.Tech degree in Aerospace Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, in 1989. He was a Professor in the Aerospace Engineering Department of the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore from 2000-2021. He worked in Pratt and Whitney on engine diagnostics using machine learning during 1998-2000. He has completed sponsored research projects for companies such as Boeing, Pratt and Whitney, Honeywell, HAL and others. His research is published in refereed journals and conferences. He has authored books titled "Isospectral Vibrating Systems", "Gas Turbine Diagnostics", and "Engineering Optimization", among others. He is a Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, an Associate Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, a Senior Member of the IEEE and a Fellow of the Indian National Academy of Engineering. He also received the Alexander von Humboldt Fellowship and the Fulbright Fellowship in 2007 and 2011, respectively. He has held visiting scientist positions in Germany, France and South Korea.

Sondipon Adhikari holds the position of Professor of Engineering Mechanics at the James Watt School of Engineering of the University of Glasgow. He received his PhD as a Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Trust scholar at the Trinity College from the University of Cambridge. He was awarded the prestigious Wolfson Research Merit Award from the Royal Society (UK academy of sciences). He was an Engineering and Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC) Advanced Research Fellow and winner of the Philip Leverhulme Award in Engineering. He was the holder of the inaugural Chair of Aerospace Engineering at the College of Engineering of Swansea University. Before that, he was a lecturer at Bristol University and a Junior Research Fellow in Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge. He was a visiting Professor at the Ecole Centrale Lyon, Rice University, University of Paris, UT Austin, IIT Kanpur and a visiting scientist at the Los Alamos National Laboratory.

Professor Adhikari's research areas are multidisciplinary and include uncertainty quantification in dynamic systems, computational nano-mechanics, dynamics of complex systems, inverse problems for linear and non-linear dynamics and vibration energy harvesting. He has published five books, more than 350 international journal papers and 200 conference papers in these areas. Professor Adhikari is a Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society, an Associate Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) and a member of the AIAA Non-Deterministic Approaches Technical Committee (NDA-TC). He is a member of the editorial board of several journals such as Advances in Aircraft and Spacecraft Science, Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics, Computer and Structures and Journal of Sound and Vibration.

Dr. Souvik Chakraborty is currently working as an Assistant Professor at the Department of Applied Mechanics, IIT Delhi. He also holds a joint faculty position at the Yardi School of Artificial Intelligence, IIT Delhi. Dr. Chakraborty's research spans across a wide variety of topics including Scientific Machine Learning (SciML), stochastic mechanics, uncertainty quantification, reliability analysis, design under uncertainty, and Bayesian statistics, and has published over 55 articles in peer reviewed journals. Dr. Chakraborty received his PhD degree from Indian IIT Roorkee in 2017, and B. Tech and M. Tech degree from National Institute of Technology Durgapur and Bengal Engineering and Science University Shibpur (currently known as Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Shibpur) in 2010 and 2013, respectively. Prior to joining IIT Delhi in 2020, he has worked as a postdoctoral researcher at University of Notre Dame, U.S.A. and University of British Columbia, Canada from 2017 - 2019.

Mrittika Ganguli is a Principal Engineer and Director, Cloud Native Pathfinding in Intel's Network and Edge Architecture (NEX OCTO) team. She has 25+ years of experience in cloud hardware and software management, network and storage processing control and data plane, cloud orchestration, telemetry QOS and scheduling Architecture. She is active in CNCF and Open Infra opensource initiatives and initiated a Service Mesh Performance (SMP) index called Meshmark. She has a MS in CS and 70+ patents and multiple IEEE papers in this area.

Dr. Ranjan Ganguli目前是美國鳳凰城Viasat Inc.的高級研究工程師。他於1991年和1994年分別在美國馬里蘭大學學院公園分校航空航天工程系獲得碩士和博士學位，並於1989年在印度理工學院哈拉格普爾分校獲得航空航天工程學士學位。他曾在印度科學研究所航空航天工程系擔任教授，任期為2000年至2021年。他在1998年至2000年期間在普惠公司從事使用機器學習進行引擎診斷的工作。他曾為波音、普惠、霍尼韋爾、HAL等公司完成贊助研究項目。他的研究成果發表在被審查的期刊和會議上。他撰寫了多本書，包括《等譜振動系統》、《燃氣輪機診斷》和《工程優化》等。他是美國機械工程師學會的會士，美國航空航天學會的副會士，IEEE的高級會員，以及印度國家工程學院的會士。他分別於2007年和2011年獲得亞歷山大·馮·洪堡獎學金和富布萊特獎學金。他曾在德國、法國和南韓擔任訪問科學家職位。

Sondipon Adhikari現任格拉斯哥大學詹姆斯·瓦特工程學院的工程力學教授。他在劍橋大學三一學院以Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Trust獎學金的身份獲得博士學位。他獲得英國皇家學會頒發的著名Wolfson研究優秀獎，並擔任工程和物理科學研究委員會（EPSRC）的高級研究員，獲得Philip Leverhulme工程獎。他曾擔任斯旺西大學工程學院航空航天工程的首席教授。在此之前，他曾在布里斯托大學擔任講師，並在劍橋大學菲茨威廉學院擔任初級研究員。他曾在法國里昂中央學院、萊斯大學、巴黎大學、德克薩斯大學奧斯汀分校、印度理工學院坎普爾分校擔任訪問教授，並在洛斯阿拉莫斯國家實驗室擔任訪問科學家。

Adhikari教授的研究領域涵蓋多學科，包括動態系統的不確定性量化、計算納米力學、複雜系統的動力學、線性和非線性動力學的反問題以及振動能量收集。他在這些領域發表了五本書、350多篇國際期刊論文和200篇會議論文。Adhikari教授是英國皇家航空學會的會士，美國航空航天學會（AIAA）的副會士，以及AIAA非確定性方法技術委員會（NDA-TC）的成員。他是多個期刊的編輯委員會成員，包括《航空航天科學進展》、《概率工程力學》、《計算機和結構》和《聲音和振動學》。

Dr. Souvik Chakraborty目前在印度德里理工學院應用力學系擔任助理教授。他還在印度德里理工學院Yardi人工智能學院擔任聯合教職。Chakraborty博士的研究涵蓋了科學機器學習（SciML）、隨機力學、不確定性量化、可靠性分析、不確定性設計和貝葉斯統計等各種主題，並在同行評審的期刊上發表了55多篇文章。Chakraborty博士於2017年在印度羅爾基理工學院獲得博士學位，並於2010年和2013年分別在印度國立工程技術學院杜爾加布爾分校和孟加拉工程科學大學西布普爾分校（現稱印度工程科學技術學院西布普爾）獲得學士和碩士學位。在2020年加入印度德里理工學院之前，他曾在布里斯托大學擔任講師，並在劍橋大學菲茨威廉學院擔任初級研究員。他曾在里昂中央學院、萊斯大學、巴黎大學、德克薩斯大學奧斯汀分校、印度理工學院坎普爾分校擔任訪問教授，並在洛斯阿拉莫斯國家實驗室擔任訪問科學家。