AI and Human Thought and Emotion

The field of artificial intelligence (AI) has grown dramatically in recent decades from niche expert systems to the current myriad of deep machine learning applications that include personal assistants, natural-language interfaces, and medical, financial, and traffic management systems. This boom in AI engineering masks the fact that all current AI systems are based on two fundamental ideas: mathematics (logic and statistics, from the 19th century), and a grossly simplified understanding of biology (mainly neurons, as understood in 1943). This book explores other fundamental ideas that have the potential to make AI more anthropomorphic.

Most books on AI are technical and do not consider the humanities. Most books in the humanities treat technology in a similar manner. AI and Human Thought and Emotion, however is about AI, how academics, researchers, scientists, and practitioners came to think about AI the way they do, and how they can think about it afresh with a humanities-based perspective. The book walks a middle line to share insights between the humanities and technology. It starts with philosophy and the history of ideas and goes all the way to usable algorithms.

Central to this work are the concepts of introspection, which is how consciousness is viewed, and consciousness, which is accessible to humans as they reflect on their own experience. The main argument of this book is that AI based on introspection and emotion can produce more human-like AI. To discover the connections among emotion, introspection, and AI, the book travels far from technology into the humanities and then returns with concrete examples of new algorithms. At times philosophical, historical, and technical, this exploration of human emotion and thinking poses questions and provides answers about the future of AI.

人工智慧（AI）領域在近幾十年間從專業領域的專家系統發展到目前各種深度機器學習應用的多樣性，包括個人助理、自然語言界面以及醫療、金融和交通管理系統。這股AI工程的繁榮掩蓋了一個事實，即所有當前的AI系統都基於兩個基本思想：數學（從19世紀的邏輯和統計學）和對生物學的極度簡化理解（主要是1943年的神經元）。本書探討其他有潛力使AI更具人性化的基本思想。

大多數關於AI的書籍都是技術性的，並不考慮人文學科。然而，《AI與人類思想與情感》這本書是關於AI的，它介紹了學者、研究人員、科學家和從業人員對AI的思考方式以及他們如何以人文學科的角度重新思考AI。本書在人文學科和技術之間取得平衡，從哲學和思想史開始，一直到可用的算法。

本書的核心概念是內省（introspection），即意識的觀點，以及意識本身，作為人類反思自身經驗的一種方式。本書的主要論點是基於內省和情感的AI可以產生更具人性化的AI。為了探索情感、內省和AI之間的聯繫，本書從技術領域遠離，進入人文學科，然後通過具體的新算法示例回到技術領域。這種對人類情感和思考的探索在哲學、歷史和技術方面提出問題並提供答案，關於AI的未來。

Sam Freed is a researcher in the COGS (Centre for Cognitive Science) at the University of Sussex. This centre spans departments as diverse as neuroscience and philosophy, psychology, and computer science. Freed's background includes a career as a technologist starting as a research assistant in computer science at the age of 15 (at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem), work on Lotus 1-2-3 during Ireland's 1990s boom, and managing international projects in internet security during the .com bubble. His education includes a BA in philosophy and comparative religion, an MA in cognitive science (both from the Hebrew University), and a PhD in informatics (from Sussex). His work centers on the relevance of the humanities to technology and on the historical analysis of the mindset behind current technology.

Sam Freed是蘇塞克斯大學認知科學中心（COGS）的研究員。該中心涵蓋了神經科學和哲學、心理學和計算機科學等不同部門。Freed的背景包括從15歲起作為研究助理在計算機科學領域開始的技術人員生涯（在耶路撒冷希伯來大學），在愛爾蘭90年代的繁榮時期參與Lotus 1-2-3的工作，以及在互聯網安全領域管理國際項目的經驗（在互聯網泡沫時期）。他的教育背景包括哲學和比較宗教學士學位、認知科學碩士學位（這兩個學位都來自希伯來大學），以及信息學博士學位（來自蘇塞克斯大學）。他的工作主要集中在人文學科對技術的相關性以及對當前技術背後思維方式的歷史分析。