The Art of Systems Architecting
暫譯: 系統架構的藝術

《系統架構的藝術，第四版》提供了結構化的啟發式方法，以改善系統設計中最不結構化、最具藝術性的元素。它提供了獨特的技術，以彌合科學工程與定性設計之間的差異，並結合了建築設計與數位工程的綜合方法。本書說明了如何從基於模型的系統架構轉向基於模型的系統工程，並包括了在主要系統中良好與不良架構決策的案例研究。

本版的變更包括有關架構過程、架構描述框架的材料，以及與基於模型的系統工程（MBSE）和數位工程的整合。ANSI/IEEE 1471 和 ISO/IEC 42010 標準的發布為架構描述提供了共同的詞彙和組織方法，以記錄架構。本版提供了這些標準在架構設計中的實際應用，並將其概念與簡單的過程框架整合。MBSE 和數位工程工具的興起正在徹底改變複雜系統的開發。重點放在詳細的設計描述和強大的分析方法（例如，數位雙胞胎）。架構師也可以有效利用這些方法和工具，而本新版本提供了一套綜合的啟發式和建模方法來實現這一點。本書還包含了許多其他改進和新增內容，以使這本教科書與時俱進。

本書可作為參考書，供參與創建新系統的工程師和經理、負責開發強制性架構描述的人員、軟體架構師、系統架構師和系統工程師使用，或作為研究生工程課程的教科書。

全書中穿插了練習題，其中一些設計用於自我測試和理解，另一些則旨在提供長期學習和進一步探索主題的機會。

Dr. Mark W. Maier is a technical fellow at The Aerospace Corporation, Electronics and Sensors Division, an architect-engineering firm specializing in space systems for the United States Government. His specialty is systems architecture. He teaches and consults in that subject for The Aerospace Corporation, its clients, and corporations throughout the United States and Europe. He has done pioneering work in the field, especially in collaborative systems, socio-technical systems, and modeling, as well as significant research in advanced sensors. He is a senior member of the IEEE and one of the lead authors of ANSI/IEEE 1471 Recommended Practice for Architecture Description, which has become the basis for further international standardization. Dr. Maier received his B.S. degree in Engineering and Applied Science and an M.S. in Electrical Engineering from Caltech in 1983 and 1984, respectively. He joined the Hughes Aircraft Company in El Segundo, CA, upon graduating from Caltech in 1983. At Hughes, he was a section head responsible for signal processing algorithm design and systems engineering. While at Hughes, he was awarded a Howard Hughes Doctoral Fellowship, on which he completed a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering, specializing in radar signal processing, at USC. At USC, he began his collaboration with Dr. Eberhardt Rechtin, who started the first systems architecture academic program. In 1992, he joined the faculty of the University of Alabama in Huntsville in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department. As an associate professor at UAH, he carried out research in system architecture, stereo image compression, and radar signal processing. He has published several dozen journal articles and conference papers in these fields.

Dr. Eberhardt Rechtin received his B.S. and Ph.D. degrees from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in 1946 and 1950, respectively. He joined Caltech's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in 1948 as an engineer, leaving it in 1967 as assistant director. At JPL, he was the chief architect and director of the NASA/JPL Deep Space Network. In 1967, he joined the Office of the Secretary of Defense as the director of the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) and later as assistant secretary of defense for Telecommunications. He left the Department of Defense in 1973 to become chief engineer of Hewlett-Packard. He was elected as the president and CEO of The Aerospace Corporation in 1977, retiring in 1987. After retirement from Aerospace, he joined the faculty of the University of Southern California (USC) as a professor with joint appointments in Electrical Engineering-ystems, Industrial & Systems Engineering, and Aerospace Engineering. During his time at USC, he founded their graduate program in Systems Architecting. Dr. Rechtin was extensively honored for his engineering accomplishments. He was a member of the National Academy of Engineering; a fellow of the IEEE, AIAA, and the AAAS; and an Academician of the International Academy of Astronautics. He was further honored by the IEEE with its Alexander Graham Bell Award, by the Department of Defense with the Distinguished Public Service Award, by NASA with its Medal for Exceptional Scientific Achievement, by the AIAA with its von Karman Lectureship, by Caltech with its Distinguished Alumni award, and by NEC with its C&C Prize. His published works include Systems Architecting: Creating and Building Complex Systems, Prentice Hall, 1991; The Art of Systems Architecting with Mark W. Maier; and Why Eagles Can't Swim: The Systems Architecting of Organizations. Dr. Rechtin passed away in 2006.

馬克·W·梅爾博士（Dr. Mark W. Maier）是美國航空公司（The Aerospace Corporation）電子與感測器部門的技術研究員，該公司是一家專注於美國政府太空系統的建築工程公司。他的專長是系統架構。他在美國和歐洲的航空公司、客戶及企業中教授和諮詢該主題。他在該領域做出了開創性的工作，特別是在協作系統、社會技術系統和建模方面，以及在先進感測器方面進行了重要的研究。他是IEEE的資深會員，也是ANSI/IEEE 1471《架構描述推薦實踐》的主要作者之一，該標準已成為進一步國際標準化的基礎。梅爾博士於1983年和1984年分別在加州理工學院（Caltech）獲得工程與應用科學學士學位和電機工程碩士學位。1983年從加州理工學院畢業後，他加入了位於加州埃爾塞貢多的休斯飛機公司（Hughes Aircraft Company）。在休斯，他擔任信號處理演算法設計和系統工程的部門負責人。在休斯期間，他獲得了霍華德·休斯博士獎學金，並在南加州大學（USC）完成了電機工程博士學位，專攻雷達信號處理。在南加州大學，他開始與艾伯哈特·雷克廷博士（Dr. Eberhardt Rechtin）合作，後者創立了第一個系統架構學術計劃。1992年，他加入阿拉巴馬大學亨茨維爾分校（University of Alabama in Huntsville）的電機與計算機工程系擔任教職。作為UAH的副教授，他在系統架構、立體圖像壓縮和雷達信號處理方面進行了研究。他在這些領域發表了數十篇期刊文章和會議論文。

艾伯哈特·雷克廷博士（Dr. Eberhardt Rechtin）於1946年和1950年分別獲得加州理工學院（Caltech）的學士和博士學位。他於1948年加入加州理工學院的噴氣推進實驗室（Jet Propulsion Laboratory, JPL）擔任工程師，並於1967年以助理主任的身份離開。在JPL，他是NASA/JPL深空網路的首席架構師和主任。1967年，他加入國防部辦公室，擔任先進研究計劃局（ARPA）主任，後來成為國防部電信助理部長。他於1973年離開國防部，成為惠普公司的首席工程師。1977年，他當選美國航空公司的總裁兼首席執行官，並於1987年退休。從航空公司退休後，他加入南加州大學（USC）擔任教授，並在電機工程系、工業與系統工程系和航空工程系擔任聯合職位。在USC期間，他創立了系統架構的研究生課程。雷克廷博士因其工程成就而受到廣泛的榮譽。他是美國國家工程院的成員；IEEE、AIAA和AAAS的會士；以及國際宇航科學院的院士。他還獲得了IEEE的亞歷山大·格雷厄姆·貝爾獎、國防部的傑出公共服務獎、NASA的卓越科學成就獎勳章、AIAA的馮·卡門講座獎、加州理工學院的傑出校友獎和NEC的C&C獎。他的出版作品包括《系統架構：創建和構建複雜系統》（Systems Architecting: Creating and Building Complex Systems），普倫蒂斯霍爾，1991年；與馬克·W·梅爾合著的《系統架構的藝術》（The Art of Systems Architecting）；以及《為什麼老鷹不能游泳：組織的系統架構》（Why Eagles Can't Swim: The Systems Architecting of Organizations）。雷克廷博士於2006年去世。