Enhancing Healthcare Informatics with Transparent and Explainable AI
暫譯: 利用透明且可解釋的AI增強醫療資訊學

醫療保健在本質上與其他人工智慧（AI）取得顯著成功的領域有著根本的不同。當一個AI系統推薦治療方案、建議診斷或標記患者以進行干預時，生命的安全就懸而未決。醫療專業人員需要的不僅僅是準確的預測；他們需要理解這些預測背後的推理。可解釋的AI（Explainable AI, XAI）提供了必要的透明度，以識別和解決可能延續或加劇健康差異的算法偏見。

本書針對這一關鍵挑戰，探討醫療資訊學與可解釋的AI之間的交集。它匯集了臨床醫生、數據科學家、倫理學家和醫療管理者等不同領域的觀點，檢視透明且可解釋的AI系統如何在增強醫療實踐的同時，維持醫療提供者和患者的信任與信心。本書不僅展示了技術能力，還演示了可解釋性如何彌合AI創新與臨床現實之間的鴻溝。

本書在保持技術嚴謹性與實用可及性之間取得平衡，詳細討論了包括SHAP（SHapley Additive exPlanations）、LIME（Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations）和因果推斷方法等可解釋性技術。案例研究和示例展示了如何根據特定需求選擇和調整不同的XAI技術。本書還探討了關鍵的實施挑戰。

在AI更深入整合到醫療保健的門檻上，今天在透明度和可解釋性方面所做的選擇將塑造未來醫學的面貌。本書主張，可解釋性不是奢侈品或事後考量——它是負責任地在醫療保健中部署AI的基本要求。

Philip Eappen is a tenured associate professor in the School of Nursing at Cape Breton University and serves as the Director of Research in Medicine at Dalhousie University's Cape Breton Medical Campus, Canada. A registered nurse with a doctorate in healthcare administration and an MBA in healthcare management,
Dr. Eappen is a Certified Health Executive (CHE) and a Fellow candidate of the American College of Healthcare Executives. His academic and clinical leadership bridge frontline healthcare delivery, macro-level health systems, and cutting-edge informatics.

As an associate scientist with the Maritime SPOR SUPPORT Unit and a scientific editor for Elsevier, Dr. Eappen is heavily engaged in advancing health services research. His primary research focus centers on the ethical and transparent application of healthcare informatics in clinical workflows. Dr. Eappen also contributes to national and international health governance, serving on the boards of Myeloma Canada, the Aplastic Anemia and the Myelodysplasia Association of Canada, and the American College of Healthcare Executives.

Narasimha Rao Vajjhala is a distinguished academic and researcher currently serving as professor and chair of the Department of Computer Science at the American University in Bulgaria (AUBG). With over two decades of experience in higher education, Dr. Vajjhala has held senior academic leadership positions, including Dean of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture at the University of New York Tirana (UNYT), Albania, and Chair of Computer Science and Software Engineering programs at the American University of Nigeria (AUN).

Ruiling Guo is professor of healthcare administration at Idaho State University's College of Business, where she teaches both graduate and undergraduate courses in healthcare administration. She also holds a graduate faculty appointment at Idaho State University's Graduate School, serving on dissertation and thesis committees for doctoral and graduate students in medicine, health sciences, and health professions.

Lucy Shinners is an Indigenous socio-technical systems researcher whose work examines how artificial intelligence (AI) shapes the health workforce and the performance of emerging technologies. She is a critical care nurse with more than practice and 10 years in academia as a teacher and researcher.

Dr. Shinners has held academic leadership roles, including course coordinator of the Bachelor of Nursing program at Southern Cross University, and currently serves as research fellow at the Centre for Infection Prevention and Vascular Access, University of Queensland, Australia. Her extensive ICU nursing background provides grounded clinical insight into the design, evaluation, and implementation
of AI in healthcare.

Her research has a strong focus on culturally informed innovation, including the application of AI within Indigenous health contexts. She is the developer of the internationally adopted SHAIP tool, which is advancing how health systems understand and evaluate workforce perceptions of AI.

Virginia Gunn is an associate professor in the School of Nursing at Cape Breton University, Nova Scotia, Canada, and affiliate researcher with the Unit of Occupational Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Sweden. She also holds an appointment as an associate scholar at the Johns Hopkins University-Universitat Pompeu Fabra Public Policy Center, Barcelona, Spain. Dr. Gunn earned her Ph.D. and MN from the University of Toronto's Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing and completed a Collaborative Doctoral Specialization in Global Health at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Canada. Her research spans public health, policy, occupational health, and healthcare informatics, with a focus on how AI-enabled systems--particularly those influencing decision-making, work organization, and care delivery--shape equity, accountability, and trust. Drawing on her experience as a registered nurse across acute care, long-term care, and public health, she integrates frontline practice insights with interdisciplinary research to advance transparent and explainable AI in clinical and virtual care settings.

Philip Eappen 是加拿大凱布雷頓大學護理學院的終身副教授，並擔任達爾豪斯大學凱布雷頓醫學校區的醫學研究主任。作為一名註冊護士，Eappen 博士擁有醫療管理的博士學位和醫療管理的 MBA 學位，並且是認證健康執行官 (CHE) 及美國健康執行官學會的研究員候選人。他的學術和臨床領導橋接了前線醫療服務、宏觀健康系統和尖端資訊學。

作為海洋 SPOR 支援單位的副科學家及愛思唯爾的科學編輯，Eappen 博士積極參與推進健康服務研究。他的主要研究重點集中在醫療資訊學在臨床工作流程中的倫理和透明應用。Eappen 博士還參與國內和國際健康治理，擔任加拿大多發性骨髓瘤協會、再生不良貧血和骨髓增生異常協會及美國健康執行官學會的董事會成員。

Narasimha Rao Vajjhala 是一位傑出的學者和研究人員，目前擔任保加利亞美國大學 (AUBG) 計算機科學系的教授和系主任。Vajjhala 博士在高等教育領域擁有超過二十年的經驗，曾擔任高級學術領導職位，包括阿爾巴尼亞的紐約提拉納大學 (UNYT) 工程與建築學院院長，以及尼日利亞美國大學 (AUN) 計算機科學和軟體工程課程的系主任。

Ruiling Guo 是愛達荷州立大學商學院的醫療管理教授，教授研究生和本科生的醫療管理課程。她還在愛達荷州立大學研究生院擔任研究生教員，參與醫學、健康科學和健康專業的博士生和研究生的論文委員會。

Lucy Shinners 是一位土著社會技術系統研究者，她的研究探討人工智慧 (AI) 如何影響健康工作力和新興技術的表現。她是一名重症護理護士，擁有超過十年的臨床實踐經驗和學術教學及研究經歷。

Shinners 博士曾擔任學術領導角色，包括南十字星大學護理學學士課程的課程協調員，並目前擔任澳大利亞昆士蘭大學感染預防與血管通路中心的研究員。她在重症監護病房的豐富護理背景為 AI 在醫療中的設計、評估和實施提供了扎實的臨床見解。

她的研究強調文化知識創新，包括在土著健康背景下應用 AI。她是國際上廣泛採用的 SHAIP 工具的開發者，該工具正在推進健康系統如何理解和評估工作力對 AI 的看法。

Virginia Gunn 是加拿大新斯科舍省凱布雷頓大學護理學院的副教授，並且是瑞典卡羅林斯卡醫學院職業醫學單位的附屬研究員。她還在西班牙巴塞隆納的約翰霍普金斯大學-龐培法布拉大學公共政策中心擔任副學者。Gunn 博士在多倫多大學的勞倫斯·S·布隆伯格護理學院獲得博士學位和碩士學位，並在多倫多的達拉拉納公共衛生學院完成全球健康的合作博士專業化。她的研究涵蓋公共衛生、政策、職業健康和醫療資訊學，重點在於 AI 驅動的系統，特別是那些影響決策、工作組織和護理交付的系統，如何塑造公平性、問責性和信任。基於她作為註冊護士在急性護理、長期護理和公共衛生方面的經驗，她將前線實踐見解與跨學科研究相結合，以推進臨床和虛擬護理環境中的透明和可解釋的 AI。