Digital Twinning for Discrete Manufacturing
暫譯: 離散製造的數位雙胞胎

這本書探討製造過程、單元和系統的數位雙胞胎，並試圖引入第四次工業革命的基本特徵，同時強調網路物理系統（Cyber-Physical Systems）。

《離散製造的數位雙胞胎》討論如何在離散製造中最大化利用工業4.0和5.0的支柱。它展示了數位雙胞胎具有一個非常特殊的特性，可以應用於對昂貴設備的新手工人的培訓。這本書解釋了實驗室工業設備的數位雙胞胎建造成本低廉，並且可以用來在不傷害工人或損壞機器的情況下，對複雜機械進行實際參與的培訓。這本書還描繪了基於AR/VR的數位雙胞胎的完整範疇，並提供與真實機械的物理介面。

數位雙胞胎目前是一個先進的主題，受到研究人員、研究生、畢業生、高年級本科生以及專業人士的關注。

Haiyan Zhao obtained his Ph.D. from the Department of Mechanical Engineering (Materials Science and Engineering), Xi'an Jiaotong University, in 1997. Earlier, he obtained his B.S. in Welding and Joining from the same University in 1992. He worked in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, as Assistant Professor, Associate Professor, and full Professor sequentially, 2000-Present. He was also a visiting professor at RWTH Aachen University, Germany, during 2004-2005. His research interests include Welding and Joining, Manufacturing by Materials Processing, Theory and Application of Modeling and Simulation, Structure Integrity, Service Life Prediction and Performance Evaluation, Prediction and Control of Residual Stress and Deformation, and Bio-Sensor based on Graphene. He was awarded the "New Century Excellent Talents" from the Ministry of Education, P.R. China in 2007, and "Excellent Teaching Achievement Award (the first prize)" from Tsinghua University in 2008. He also has numerous books, conference papers, and journal publications to his credit.

Ghulam Hussain is a professor of mechanical engineering at the University of Bahrain, Bahrain. He has rich experience in both academia and industry. He is an expert in manufacturing technologies with expertise in plasticity, sustainability, and advanced processes, including 3D printing, incremental forming, friction welding, and hybridization. He is the author of over 100 top-notch journal articles and an editor of several books. He is recognized among the top 10 leading researchers at the international as well as the national level. He has been ranked as the world's top 2% scientist by Stanford University, USA. He is the winner of many research and teaching awards/prizes. He is actively involved with several reputed international universities as a foreign expert and external researcher.

Ghulam Abbas received the B.S. degree in computer science from the University of Peshawar, Pakistan, in 2003, and the M.S. degree in distributed systems and the Ph.D. degree in computer networks from the University of Liverpool, U.K., in 2005 and 2010, respectively. From 2006 to 2010, he was a Research Associate with Liverpool Hope University, U.K., where he was associated with the Intelligent & Distributed Systems Laboratory. Since 2011, he has been with the Faculty of Computer Sciences & Engineering, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Pakistan. He is currently working as Professor and Director of the Huawei ICT Academy. Dr. Abbas is a Co-Founding Member of the Telecommunications and Networking Research Center at GIK Institute. He is a Fellow of the Institute of Science & Technology, U.K., a Fellow of the British Computer Society, and a Senior Member of the IEEE. His research interests include computer networks and wireless and mobile communications.

Khalid Rahman is a Professor in the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering at Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, where he has been a faculty member since 2012. He received his B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, MS and PhD degrees from Jeju National University, South Korea in 2012. He also has industrial experience of seven years in design and manufacturing. His research interests include printing technologies, and he is currently working on Direct Ink Write and Electrohydrodynamic inkjet printing for the fabrication of electronic devices, sensors, and applications.

趙海燕於1997年在西安交通大學機械工程系（材料科學與工程）獲得博士學位。早在1992年，他便在同一所大學獲得焊接與連接的學士學位。他自2000年至今在清華大學機械工程系擔任助理教授、副教授及正教授。他於2004年至2005年間曾擔任德國亞琛工業大學的訪問教授。他的研究興趣包括焊接與連接、材料加工製造、建模與模擬的理論與應用、結構完整性、使用壽命預測與性能評估、殘餘應力與變形的預測與控制，以及基於石墨烯的生物傳感器。他於2007年獲得中華人民共和國教育部頒發的「新世紀優秀人才」稱號，並於2008年獲得清華大學的「優秀教學成果獎（第一名）」。他還發表了多部書籍、會議論文和期刊文章。

古拉姆·侯賽因是巴林大學機械工程系的教授。他在學術界和工業界擁有豐富的經驗。他是製造技術的專家，專長於塑性、可持續性及先進工藝，包括3D列印、增量成形、摩擦焊接和混合技術。他是超過100篇頂尖期刊文章的作者，並擔任多部書籍的編輯。他在國際及國內層面被認可為前10名的領先研究者。他被美國史丹佛大學評為全球前2%的科學家，並獲得多項研究和教學獎項。他積極參與多所知名國際大學，擔任外國專家和外部研究員。

古拉姆·阿巴斯於2003年在巴基斯坦佩什瓦爾大學獲得計算機科學學士學位，並於2005年和2010年在英國利物浦大學獲得分散式系統碩士學位和計算機網絡博士學位。從2006年到2010年，他在英國利物浦霍普大學擔任研究助理，並與智能與分散系統實驗室有關聯。自2011年以來，他一直在巴基斯坦GIK工程科學與技術學院的計算機科學與工程系任職，目前擔任教授及華為ICT學院院長。阿巴斯博士是GIK學院電信與網絡研究中心的共同創始成員。他是英國科學與技術學會的院士、英國計算機學會的院士，以及IEEE的高級會員。他的研究興趣包括計算機網絡和無線及移動通信。

卡立德·拉赫曼是古拉姆·伊沙克·汗工程科學與技術學院機械工程系的教授，自2012年以來一直擔任教職。他在古拉姆·伊沙克·汗工程科學與技術學院獲得機械工程學士學位，並於2012年在韓國濟州國立大學獲得碩士和博士學位。他在設計和製造方面擁有七年的工業經驗。他的研究興趣包括列印技術，目前正在研究直接墨水書寫和電動流體動力噴墨列印，用於電子設備、傳感器和應用的製造。