Federated Learning in Financial Services: A Path to Secure AI
暫譯: 金融服務中的聯邦學習：邁向安全 AI

隨著金融機構日益依賴 AI 和 ML 進行資料驅動的決策，對資料隱私、安全性與法規遵循的疑慮也日益增加。聯邦學習（Federated Learning，FL）因此成為關鍵解決方案，讓多個組織能夠在不分享原始資料的情況下，共同訓練 AI 模型。本書探討金融產業中 FL 技術的發展，特別聚焦於隱私保護 AI 的應用情境。此外，本書也檢視金融業如何從傳統的集中式機器學習方法，大幅轉向分散式學習技術。

本書分為四個完整篇章，深入探討相關主題。第一篇概述並介紹 FL，同時回顧金融產業日益嚴峻的資料隱私與法規限制，說明聯邦學習如何促成安全的 AI 驅動金融服務。第二篇探討聯邦式架構、安全多方計算、差分隱私與同態加密。第三篇著重於 AI 與聯邦學習在風險管理、詐欺偵測、信用評分及客戶個人化等領域的實務應用，展示 FL 如何提升金融系統的安全性、可擴展性與營運效率；同時也涵蓋聯邦學習能夠強化安全性、可擴展性與效率的金融應用。第四篇討論聯邦學習的新興趨勢，包括以 blockchain 為基礎的聯邦學習、零信任架構，以及與去中心化金融（decentralized finance，DeFi）的整合。最後，本書檢視實際導入方式與法規考量，確保符合 GDPR、CCPA 等資料保護法規。

Suvarna Sharma is an accomplished academician, researcher, and author in the field of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence. She currently serves as an Assistant Professor at MIT World Peace University, Pune, India. She earned her Ph.D. from Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology (MANIT), Bhopal, with doctoral research focused on improving web crawler coverage using intelligent seed selection techniques. She has over a decade of experience spanning academia, research, and software development, having held academic positions at reputed institutions including Chitkara University and MANIT Bhopal, and having worked as a Software Developer at the Defence Research and Development Establishment (DRDE), Gwalior. Her research interests encompass web mining, machine learning, deep learning, blockchain technology, IoT, healthcare analytics, digital twins, federated learning, and intelligent systems. She has published extensively in leading IEEE conferences, Scopus- and Springer-indexed journals, and has contributed numerous book chapters with international publishers such as Springer, Wiley, CRC Press, and IGI Global. Dr. Sharma is the recipient of a Best Paper Award at an IEEE international conference and holds multiple patents in blockchain-based trust mechanisms and smart system designs. Actively engaged in academic service, Dr. Sharma serves as a reviewer for international conferences and journals and is a member of professional computing societies. Her work reflects a strong commitment to interdisciplinary research, innovation, and the advancement of emerging technologies through education and scholarly contribution.

Jeetendra Kumar holds Ph.D. degree in Computer Science from GLA University Mathura. Currently He has been working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Application at Atal Bihari Vajpayee University, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India for the last 10 years. He holds a master's degree (M.Sc.) and a Master of Technology (M. Tech.) in Computer Science. He has published various research articles in reputed journals and conferences, including topics such as sentiment analysis, fall detection using machine learning techniques, IoT applications, automatic question generation, etc. He has also contributed book chapters on topics related to neuroscience, smartphone applications, and fog computing in healthcare. He has edited one book with CRC Press, Taylor and Francis. Dr. Kumar has completed two research projects sponsored by the State Planning Commission, C.G., and Commonwealth Media Centre for Asia (CEMCA) New Delhi and Atal Bihari Vajpayee University, Bilaspur. He is also a member of prestigious academic societies such as IEEE, the Indian Science Congress, the International Association of Engineers (IAENG), the International Computer Science and Engineering Society (ICSES), and the International Association of Academicians (IAASSE).

Rashmi Gupta holds a Ph.D. degree in Computer Applications from the NIT, Raipur. Currently, she serves as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Application at Atal Bihari Vajpayee University Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh. She has published more than 25 research papers, conference papers, and book chapters and has been awarded grants by AICTE to organize the ATAL Faculty Development Program and by the Science and Engineering Research Board, DST for conducting High-end Workshops and Internships. Demonstrating her commitment to mentorship, Dr. Gupta has guided over 30 PG and 20 UG students in their research-related major projects. She has edited two books with CRC Press, Taylor and Francis. With over 12 years of teaching experience, her research interests encompass Natural Language Processing, EEG signal processing, and Human activity recognition. She is also a member of prestigious academic societies such as IEEE, the Indian Science Congress, the International Association of Engineers (IAENG), the International Computer Science and Engineering Society (ICSES), and the International Association of Academicians (IAASSE).

Valentina E. Balas is a Full Professor in the Department of Automatics and Applied Software at the Faculty of Engineering, "Aurel Vlaicu" University of Arad, Romania. She holds a PhD Cum Laude, in Applied Electronics and Telecommunications from Polytechnic University of Timisoara. Dr. Balas is author of more than 350 research papers in refereed journals and International Conferences. Her research interests are in Intelligent Systems, Fuzzy Control, Soft Computing, Smart Sensors, Information Fusion, Modeling and Simulation. She is the Editor-in Chief to International Journal of Advanced Intelligence Paradigms (IJAIP) and to International Journal of Computational Systems Engineering (IJCSysE), member in Editorial Board member of several national and international journals and is evaluator expert for national, international projects and PhD Thesis. Dr. Balas is the director of Intelligent Systems Research Centre in Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad and Director of the Department of International Relations, Programs and Projects in the same university. She served as General Chair of the International Workshop Soft Computing and Applications (SOFA) in nine editions organized in the interval 2005-2020 and held in Romania and Hungary. Dr. Balas participated in many international conferences as Organizer, Honorary Chair, Session Chair, member in Steering, Advisory or International Program Committees and Keynote Speaker. Recently she was working in a national project with EU funding support: BioCell-NanoART Novel Bio-inspired Cellular Nano-Architectures - For Digital Integrated Circuits, 3M Euro from National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation. She is a member of European Society for Fuzzy Logic and Technology (EUSFLAT), member of Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM) and a Senior Member IEEE, member in Technical Committee - Fuzzy Systems (IEEE Computational Intelligence Society), chair of the Task Force 14 in Technical Committee - Emergent Technologies (IEEE CIS), member in Technical Committee - Soft Computing (IEEE SMCS). Dr. Balas was past Vice-president (responsible with Awards) of IFSA - International Fuzzy Systems Association Council (2013-2015), is a Joint Secretary of the Governing Council of Forum for Interdisciplinary Mathematics (FIM), - A Multidisciplinary Academic Body, India and recipient of the "Tudor Tanasescu" Prize from the Romanian Academy for contributions in the field of soft computing methods (2019).

Gaurav Dhiman is a highly accomplished academician and researcher with an impressive track record of excellence in computer science. He holds PostDoctoral from Federal University of Ceara (Brazil), Ph.D. in Computer Engineering from Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, and has also completed his Master Degree of Computer Applications from the same institute. Currently, he is serving as an Assistant Professor in the School of Sciences and Emerging Technologies, Jagat Guru Nanak Dev Punjab State Open University, Patiala. His research has been recognized at the highest level, as he has been named one of the world's top researchers by Clarivate Analytics as world's Top 1% highly cited researcher. He also listed of world's Top 2% scientists prepared by Elsevier and Stanford University, USA. He is the senior member of IEEE. He has also received accolades for his outstanding reviewer work from Knowledge-Based Systems (Elsevier). He has authored over 300 peer-reviewed research papers, all of which are indexed in SCI-SCIE, and 15 international books. He is currently serving as a guest editor for more than forty special issues in various peer-reviewed journals. He is an Editor-in-Chief of the ICCK Transactions on Machine Intelligence and ICCK Transactions on Large Language Models. He is an Associate Editor of IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems, IET Software (Wiley), Expert Systems (Wiley), IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Magazine, Spatial Information Research (Springer), and many more. He is also an Academic Editor of Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine (Hindawi), Scientific Programming (Hindawi), Mobile Information Systems (Hindawi), and Review Editor of Frontiers in Energy Research - Fuel Cells, Frontiers in High-Performance Computing - Parallel and Distributed Software, Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence - Pattern Recognition, and more. His research interests span a wide range of topics including Generative Artificial Intelligence, Large Language Modles, Internet of Things, Machine-learning, Deep-learning, Single-, Multi-, Many-objective optimization (Bio-inspired, Evolutionary, and Quantum), Soft computing (Type-1 and Type-2 fuzzy sets), Power systems, and Change detection using remotely sensed high-resolution satellite data. He has published his research in various reputed journals, including IEEE, Elsevier, Springer, Wiley, Taylor and Francis, among others.

Suvarna Sharma 是電腦科學與人工智慧領域傑出的學者、研究人員及作者。目前任職於印度浦那 MIT World Peace University，擔任助理教授。她於 Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology (MANIT)、博帕爾取得博士學位，博士研究聚焦於運用智慧型種子選擇技術，提升網路爬蟲的涵蓋率。她在學術、研究及軟體開發領域擁有超過十年的經驗，曾任職於 Chitkara University、MANIT Bhopal 等知名機構，並曾在 Gwalior 的 Defence Research and Development Establishment (DRDE) 擔任軟體開發人員。她的研究興趣涵蓋網路探勘、機器學習、深度學習、區塊鏈技術、IoT、醫療分析、數位孿生、聯邦式學習及智慧型系統。她曾於 IEEE 重要會議，以及 Scopus 與 Springer 收錄的期刊發表大量研究成果，並與 Springer、Wiley、CRC Press 及 IGI Global 等國際出版社合作撰寫多篇書籍章節。Sharma 博士曾獲 IEEE 國際會議最佳論文獎，並擁有多項與區塊鏈信任機制及智慧型系統設計相關的專利。Sharma 博士積極參與學術服務，擔任國際會議及期刊審稿人，並為多個專業計算機學會的會員。她的工作展現了對跨領域研究、創新，以及透過教育與學術貢獻推動新興科技發展的高度投入。

Jeetendra Kumar 取得 GLA University Mathura 的電腦科學博士學位。目前，他已於印度恰蒂斯加爾邦 Bilaspur 的 Atal Bihari Vajpayee University 電腦科學與應用系擔任助理教授十年。他擁有電腦科學理學碩士學位 (M.Sc.) 及科技碩士學位 (M.Tech.)。他曾在知名期刊與會議發表多篇研究論文，研究主題包括情感分析、運用機器學習技術進行跌倒偵測、IoT 應用及自動問題生成等。他也曾撰寫與神經科學、智慧型手機應用程式及醫療霧運算相關的書籍章節。他曾與 CRC Press、Taylor and Francis 合作編輯一本書。Kumar 博士已完成兩項研究計畫，分別由恰蒂斯加爾邦國家規劃委員會、Commonwealth Media Centre for Asia (CEMCA) New Delhi，以及 Atal Bihari Vajpayee University、Bilaspur 贊助。他也是多個知名學術社團的會員，包括 IEEE、Indian Science Congress、International Association of Engineers (IAENG)、International Computer Science and Engineering Society (ICSES) 及 International Association of Academicians (IAASSE)。

Rashmi Gupta 取得 NIT Raipur 的電腦應用博士學位。目前，她在恰蒂斯加爾邦 Bilaspur 的 Atal Bihari Vajpayee University 電腦科學與應用系擔任助理教授。她已發表超過 25 篇研究論文、會議論文及書籍章節，並曾獲 AICTE 補助以舉辦 ATAL Faculty Development Program，也曾獲 Science and Engineering Research Board、DST 補助，以辦理高階工作坊與實習計畫。Gupta 博士致力於指導學生，已指導超過 30 名研究所學生及 20 名大學部學生完成研究相關專題。她曾與 CRC Press、Taylor and Francis 合作編輯兩本書。她擁有超過 12 年的教學經驗，研究興趣涵蓋自然語言處理、EEG 訊號處理及人類活動辨識。她也是多個知名學術社團的會員，包括 IEEE、Indian Science Congress、International Association of Engineers (IAENG)、International Computer Science and Engineering Society (ICSES) 及 International Association of Academicians (IAASSE)。

Valentina E. Balas 是羅馬尼亞阿拉德的 Aurel Vlaicu University 工程學院自動化與應用軟體系的正教授。她於 Polytechnic University of Timisoara 取得應用電子與電信博士學位，並以 Cum Laude 優異成績畢業。Balas 博士已在經同儕審查的期刊及國際會議發表超過 350 篇研究論文。她的研究興趣包括智慧型系統、模糊控制、軟計算、智慧型感測器、資訊融合、建模與模擬。她是 International Journal of Advanced Intelligence Paradigms (IJAIP) 及 International Journal of Computational Systems Engineering (IJCSysE) 的總編輯，也是多本國內外期刊編輯委員會的成員，並擔任國內外研究計畫及博士論文的評審專家。Balas 博士是 Aurel Vlaicu University 智慧型系統研究中心主任，也是該校國際關係、計畫與專案部門主任。她曾於 2005 至 2020 年間，在羅馬尼亞及匈牙利舉辦的九屆 International Workshop Soft Computing and Applications (SOFA) 中擔任大會主席。Balas 博士曾以主辦人、榮譽主席、分組主席、指導委員會、諮詢委員會或國際議程委員會成員，以及主題演講者等身分參與多場國際會議。

近期，她參與一項獲歐盟資金支持的國家研究計畫：BioCell-NanoART Novel Bio-inspired Cellular Nano-Architectures - For Digital Integrated Circuits。該計畫由 National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation 提供 300 萬歐元經費。她是 European Society for Fuzzy Logic and Technology (EUSFLAT) 及 Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM) 的會員，也是 IEEE 資深會員；此外，她擔任 IEEE Computational Intelligence Society 技術委員會「模糊系統」領域成員、IEEE CIS「新興技術」技術委員會第 14 工作小組主席，以及 IEEE SMCS「軟計算」技術委員會成員。Balas 博士曾於 2013 至 2015 年擔任 IFSA - International Fuzzy Systems Association Council 副主席，負責獎項事務；目前是 Forum for Interdisciplinary Mathematics (FIM) 管理委員會的共同秘書。FIM 是一個多學科學術組織。她曾獲羅馬尼亞科學院頒發「Tudor Tanasescu」獎，以表彰她在軟計算方法領域的貢獻（2019 年）。

Gaurav Dhiman 是電腦科學領域成就卓越的學者與研究人員，擁有令人印象深刻的學術成果。他曾於 Federal University of Ceara（巴西）從事博士後研究，並取得 Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology、Patiala 的電腦工程博士學位，也在同一所機構完成電腦應用碩士學位。目前，他任職於 Jagat Guru Nanak Dev Punjab State Open University、Patiala 科學與新興科技學院，擔任助理教授。他的研究成果獲得高度肯定，曾獲 Clarivate Analytics 評選為全球前 1% 高被引研究人員之一；此外，他也名列由 Elsevier 與美國 Stanford University 編製的全球前 2% 科學家名單。他是 IEEE 資深會員，並因在 Knowledge-Based Systems (Elsevier) 擔任審稿人的傑出表現而獲得表揚。

他已撰寫超過 300 篇經同儕審查的研究論文，全部收錄於 SCI-SCIE，並出版 15 本國際書籍。目前，他擔任超過 40 個經同儕審查期刊特刊的客座編輯。他是 ICCK Transactions on Machine Intelligence 及 ICCK Transactions on Large Language Models 的總編輯，也是 IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics、IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics、IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems、IET Software (Wiley)、Expert Systems (Wiley)、IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Magazine、Spatial Information Research (Springer) 等期刊的副編輯，以及其他多本期刊的編輯。

此外，他也是 Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine (Hindawi)、Scientific Programming (Hindawi) 及 Mobile Information Systems (Hindawi) 的學術編輯，並擔任 Frontiers in Energy Research - Fuel Cells、Frontiers in High-Performance Computing - Parallel and Distributed Software、Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence - Pattern Recognition 等期刊的評論編輯。

他的研究興趣涵蓋廣泛主題，包括生成式人工智慧、大型語言模型、物聯網、機器學習、深度學習、單目標、多目標及多目標最佳化（生物啟發式、演化式及量子最佳化）、軟計算（第一型及第二型模糊集合）、電力系統，以及利用遙測高解析度衛星資料進行變化偵測。他的研究成果發表於 IEEE、Elsevier、Springer、Wiley、Taylor and Francis 等知名出版社旗下的期刊。