Safety by Design: Human-Centered Approaches to Ai, Automation, and Remote Operations
暫譯: 設計安全：以人為本的AI、自動化與遠端操作方法
Bjørneseth, Frøy Birte, Johnsen, Stig Ole, Alsos, Ole Andreas
商品描述
Safety-critical systems with more digitalization, automation, and AI require integration of human factors to ensure safety, efficiency, and meaningful human control. Across sectors such as aviation, maritime, energy, transportation, and remote operations, accident investigations repeatedly show that failures often stem not from technology alone but from inadequate scoping, poor human-centered design, alarm overload, fragmented automation, and organizational conditions that leave operators unprepared during critical situations. Disasters such as the Boeing 737 MAX accidents demonstrate how safety can be compromised when humans and systems are misaligned, while successful recoveries (such as the US Airways Flight 1549 landing on the Hudson River) show the vital role of design-supported human performance in demanding conditions.
Safety by Design: Human-Centered Approaches to AI, Automation, and Remote Operations explores the relationship between human capabilities, organizational readiness, and complex technical systems. It offers best practices for designing safety-critical systems that integrate human factors from concept to operation. The book introduces Meaningful Human Control, a framework ensuring humans retain authority, awareness, and intervention ability, aligning with emerging EU AI regulations. Readers will learn practical methods to design systems with usability, transparency, and oversight, alongside insights into automation, accident analysis, and supporting operators under stress. These principles help create safer, more resilient, and trustworthy systems.
This book has been written for human factors students and specialists, system designers, engineers, safety professionals, regulators, and project managers working on safety-critical applications involving automation, AI, or remote operations.
The Open Access version of this book, available at http: //www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a creative commons (CC BY) 4.0 license.
商品描述(中文翻譯)
安全關鍵系統隨著數位化、自動化和人工智慧的增加，需要整合人因因素以確保安全、效率和有意義的人類控制。在航空、海事、能源、交通和遠程操作等行業中，事故調查反覆顯示，故障往往不僅僅源於技術本身，而是由於範疇不當、人本設計不佳、警報過載、碎片化自動化以及組織條件使操作員在關鍵情況下未做好準備等因素造成的。波音737 MAX事故等災難展示了當人類與系統不協調時，安全如何受到威脅，而成功的救援案例（如美國航空1549號航班在哈德遜河著陸）則顯示了在苛刻條件下，設計支持的人類表現所扮演的重要角色。
《設計中的安全：以人為中心的人工智慧、自動化和遠程操作方法》探討了人類能力、組織準備和複雜技術系統之間的關係。它提供了設計安全關鍵系統的最佳實踐，從概念到運作都整合人因因素。本書介紹了有意義的人類控制（Meaningful Human Control）框架，確保人類保留權威、意識和干預能力，並與新興的歐盟人工智慧法規相一致。讀者將學習設計具可用性、透明度和監督能力的系統的實用方法，並獲得有關自動化、事故分析和在壓力下支持操作員的見解。這些原則有助於創造更安全、更具韌性和更值得信賴的系統。
本書是為人因因素的學生和專家、系統設計師、工程師、安全專業人員、監管機構和從事涉及自動化、人工智慧或遠程操作的安全關鍵應用的項目經理撰寫的。
本書的開放存取版本可在 http://www.taylorfrancis.com 獲得，並已根據創用CC（CC BY）4.0許可證提供。
作者簡介
Frøy Birte Bjørneseth is an Associate Professor in Human Factors in the Department of Ocean Operations and Civil Engineering at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) in Ålesund, Norway. She holds a PhD in Computer Science, with a focus on human-machine interaction and human factors in the maritime environment. She is also a Principal Engineer in Human Factors with 18 years of experience at Rolls-Royce Marine (now Kongsberg Maritime AS), a worldwide supplier of maritime equipment. Dr. Bjørneseth's research focuses on human factors in maritime operations, with a primary focus on safety-critical applications and a holistic, human-centered design approach in operational environments. Her approach emphasizes usability, safety, and operational insight, contributing to the development of human-centered maritime technologies.
Stig Ole Johnsen is a Senior Safety Scientist, Lecturer at NTNU (Norwegian University of Science and Technology) and NORD University in Norway. He holds a PhD and a Master's degree in Technology Management and Science. His research focuses on safety science, human factors, and design in critical systems, with expertise in remote operations, automation, and AI in safety-critical environments. Dr. Johnsen leads the Human Factors in Control network in Norway and has contributed to numerous accident investigations. His work spans multiple industries, including oil and gas, maritime operations, and autonomous systems. He has published extensively on meaningful human control in automation, the verification and validation of safety-critical systems, and human factors in remote operations. His expertise bridges theoretical safety science with practical applications in increasingly automated environments.
Ole Andreas Alsos is a Professor of Interaction Design at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) and serves as Head of the Shore Control Lab. He holds an MSc in Computer Science and a PhD in Computer and Information Science from NTNU. Dr. Alsos specializes in human-computer interaction, with a focus on maritime technology, autonomous ships, and the design of shore control centers. His research explores how to enhance situational awareness and safety in maritime operations through innovative interface design. As leader of the Shore Control Lab, he oversees research on autonomous vessel monitoring and control systems, including work with the autonomous ferry prototypes milliAmpere1 and milliAmpere2.
Vidar Hepsø is a Principal Researcher at Equinor Research and Technology and an Adjunct Professor at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). He earned his PhD in Social Anthropology from NTNU and specializes in integrated and remote operations, as well as human factors in technological environments. At Equinor, Dr. Hepsø serves as Human Factor Integration Lead, focusing on scaling control room solutions and remote operations for offshore wind across Norway, the UK, the US, and Poland. His research examines how new information and communication technologies enable innovative collaborative practices in industrial settings. Dr. Hepsø has published extensively on socio-material practices, information infrastructure development, and digitalization challenges in the energy sector.
Dr. Gunhild B. Sætren is a professor and manager at the Arctic Safety Centre at the University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), Norway. She specializes in safety psychology and human factors, with extensive experience in high-risk contexts and a focus on human-machine interaction. She manages the Arctic Safety Centre at the University Centre in Svalbard, overseeing research projects on human performance in extreme environments. She has also been awarded the title of Excellent Teaching Practitioner for her research and teaching in safety psychology, safety management, and human factors over many years. Consequently, she is a highly sought-after lecturer at several universities.
作者簡介(中文翻譯)
Frøy Birte Bjørneseth 是挪威科技大學 (NTNU) 海洋作業與土木工程系的人因學副教授，工作地點位於挪威阿勒松。她擁有計算機科學博士學位，專注於人機互動及海事環境中的人因學。她同時也是羅爾斯·羅伊斯海洋 (現為 Kongsberg Maritime AS) 的人因學首席工程師，擁有18年的經驗，該公司是全球海事設備的供應商。Bjørneseth 博士的研究重點是海事作業中的人因學，主要關注安全關鍵應用及在操作環境中的整體人本設計方法。她的研究強調可用性、安全性和操作洞察，為人本海事技術的發展做出貢獻。
Stig Ole Johnsen 是一名高級安全科學家，並在挪威科技大學 (NTNU) 和 NORD 大學擔任講師。他擁有技術管理和科學的博士學位及碩士學位。他的研究專注於安全科學、人因學和關鍵系統的設計，並在安全關鍵環境中的遠程操作、自動化和人工智慧方面具有專業知識。Johnsen 博士領導挪威的控制中的人因學網絡，並參與了多起事故調查。他的工作涵蓋多個行業，包括石油和天然氣、海事作業和自主系統。他在自動化中的有意義人類控制、安全關鍵系統的驗證與驗證，以及遠程操作中的人因學方面發表了大量文獻。他的專業知識將理論安全科學與日益自動化環境中的實際應用相結合。
Ole Andreas Alsos 是挪威科技大學 (NTNU) 的互動設計教授，並擔任岸上控制實驗室的負責人。他擁有計算機科學碩士學位及計算機與信息科學博士學位，均來自 NTNU。Alsos 博士專注於人機互動，特別是在海事技術、自主船舶和岸上控制中心的設計方面。他的研究探討如何通過創新的介面設計增強海事作業中的情境意識和安全性。作為岸上控制實驗室的負責人，他負責監督自主船舶監控和控制系統的研究，包括與自主渡輪原型 milliAmpere1 和 milliAmpere2 的合作。
Vidar Hepsø 是 Equinor 研究與技術的首席研究員，並擔任挪威科技大學 (NTNU) 的兼任教授。他在 NTNU 獲得社會人類學博士學位，專注於綜合和遠程操作，以及技術環境中的人因學。在 Equinor，Hepsø 博士擔任人因整合負責人，專注於為挪威、英國、美國和波蘭的海上風電擴展控制室解決方案和遠程操作。他的研究考察了新信息和通信技術如何促進工業環境中的創新協作實踐。Hepsø 博士在社會材料實踐、信息基礎設施發展和能源部門數字化挑戰方面發表了大量文獻。
Gunhild B. Sætren 博士 是挪威斯瓦爾巴大學中心 (UNIS) 北極安全中心的教授和經理。她專注於安全心理學和人因學，在高風險環境中擁有豐富的經驗，並專注於人機互動。她管理斯瓦爾巴大學中心的北極安全中心，負責監督極端環境中人類表現的研究項目。多年來，她因在安全心理學、安全管理和人因學方面的研究和教學而獲得優秀教學實踐者的稱號。因此，她成為多所大學的熱門講師。
