Geographical Data Imperfection 2: From Theory to Applications

Geographical data often contains imperfections associated with insufficient precision, errors or incompleteness. If these imperfections are not identified, taken into account and controlled when using the data, the potential for errors may arise, leading to significant consequences with unforeseeable effects, particularly in a decisionmaking context. It is then necessary to characterize and model this imperfection, and take it into account throughout the process.

In the previous volume, we introduced different approaches for defining, representing and processing imperfections in geographic data. Volume 2 will now present a number of concrete applications in a variety of fields, demonstrating the practical application of the methodology to use cases such as agriculture, natural disaster management, mountain hazards, land management and assistance for the visually impaired.

地理數據常常包含與不足精確度、錯誤或不完整相關的缺陷。如果在使用數據時未能識別、考慮和控制這些缺陷，可能會產生錯誤的潛在風險，尤其在決策情境下可能導致重大後果和無法預見的影響。因此，在整個過程中必須對這些缺陷進行特徵化和建模，並予以考慮。

在前一卷中，我們介紹了不同的方法來定義、表示和處理地理數據中的缺陷。第二卷將展示一些具體應用案例，涵蓋各個領域，展示了該方法論在農業、自然災害管理、山區災害、土地管理和視覺障礙者援助等使用情境中的實際應用。

François Pinet is a researcher at the French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment.

Mireille Batton-Hubert is a professor at the École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint- Étienne, France.

Eric Desjardin is a lecturer at the University of Reims ChampagneArdenne within the STIC Research Center (CReSTIC), France.

François Pinet 是法國國家農業、食品和環境研究所的研究員。

Mireille Batton-Hubert 是法國聖艾蒂安高等礦業學院的教授。

Eric Desjardin 是法國兰斯香槟阿登大学 STIC 研究中心（CReSTIC）的講師。