Cognitive Security: A System-Scientific Approach

This book presents the latest research in cognitive security, a rapidly emerging field that addresses the vulnerabilities in human behavior and cognition that can lead to Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) compromise. This book demonstrates that as adversaries increasingly use manipulative and deceptive information to disrupt human cognitive processes, including sensation, attention, memory, and mental operations, humans are misled into fallacious reasoning and manipulated decisions that can lead to system-level meltdown. Cognitive security aims to protect humans from the exploitation of cognitive vulnerabilities, help them make informed decisions that are free from manipulation and undue influence, and mitigate the aggravating risk in the ensuing steps of the attacker's kill chain.

This book offers solutions that work across different fields, such as psychology, neuroscience, data science, social science, and game theory, to deal with cognitive threats. It guides the reader through the core ideas with figures, real-life examples, and case studies. Moreover, it formally defines all research questions, presents the results using mathematical theorems and proofs, and obtains insights through numerical validation.

This book provides a self-contained and brief overview of essential system-scientific tools for modeling, analyzing, and mitigating cognitive vulnerabilities. The concepts of human cognitive capacities and cognitive vulnerabilities are formally discussed, followed by two case studies in the scenarios of reactive and proactive attention vulnerabilities. This book provides insights and applications on this transdisciplinary topic, with the goal of motivating future research in this emerging area and pushing the frontier of human-technology convergence. This book is a valuable reference for researchers and advanced-level students studying or working in cognitive security and related fields. It is also useful for decision-makers, managers, and professionals working within these related fields.

本書介紹了認知安全的最新研究，這是一個快速發展的領域，旨在解決人類行為和認知中的弱點，這些弱點可能導致網絡物理系統（CPS）受到威脅。本書證明，隨著對手越來越多地使用操縱和欺騙性信息來干擾人類的認知過程，包括感覺、注意力、記憶和心理操作，人們會被誤導進行謬誤推理和被操縱的決策，進而導致系統級的崩潰。認知安全旨在保護人類免受認知弱點的利用，幫助他們做出不受操縱和不受不當影響的明智決策，並減輕攻擊者殺伤链中後續步驟中的風險。

本書提供了跨不同領域的解決方案，包括心理學、神經科學、數據科學、社會科學和博弈論，以應對認知威脅。它通過圖表、實際案例和案例研究引導讀者了解核心思想。此外，它以數學定理和證明的形式確定所有研究問題的結果，並通過數值驗證獲得洞察力。

本書提供了一個自包含且簡要的系統科學工具概述，用於建模、分析和減輕認知弱點。正式討論了人類認知能力和認知弱點的概念，並在反應性和主動性注意力弱點的情景下進行了兩個案例研究。本書提供了有關這一跨學科主題的見解和應用，旨在激發該新興領域的未來研究並推動人類技術融合的前沿。本書是研究認知安全和相關領域的研究人員和高級學生的有價值的參考資料。對於在這些相關領域工作的決策者、經理和專業人士也很有用。

​Linan Huang received the B.Eng. degree (Hons.) in Electrical Engineering from Beijing Institute of Technology, China, in 2016 and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from New York University (NYU), Brooklyn, NY, USA, in 2022. He is currently an assistant researcher at Tsinghua University. He is a recipient of many awards, including the 2022 Dante Youla Award for graduate research excellence, the best paper award at the 2022 GameSec conference, and the 2022 INFORMS MAS Koopman Prize. His research interests include dynamic decision-making in the multi-agent system, mechanism design, artificial intelligence, security, and resilience for cyber-physical systems.Quanyan Zhu received B. Eng. in Honors Electrical Engineering from McGill University in 2006, M. A. Sc. from the University of Toronto in 2008, and Ph.D. from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) in 2013. After stints at Princeton University, he is currently an associate professor at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New York University (NYU). He is an affiliated faculty member of the Center for Urban Science and Progress (CUSP) and Center for Cyber Security (CCS) at NYU. He is a recipient of many awards, including NSF CAREER Award, NYU Goddard Junior Faculty Fellowship, NSERC Postdoctoral Fellowship (PDF), NSERC Canada Graduate Scholarship (CGS), and Mavis Future Faculty Fellowships. He spearheaded and chaired INFOCOM Workshop on Communications and Control on Smart Energy Systems (CCSES), Midwest Workshop on Control and Game Theory (WCGT), and ICRA workshop on Security and Privacy of Robotics. His current research interests include game theory, machine learning, cyber deception, network optimization and control, smart cities, Internet of Things, and cyber-physical systems. He has served as the general chair or the TPC chair of the 7th and the 11thConference on Decision and Game Theory for Security (GameSec) in 2016 and 2020, the 9th International Conference on NETwork Games, COntrol and OPtimisation (NETGCOOP) in 2018, the 5th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Security (ICAIS 2019) in 2019, and 2020 IEEE Workshop on Information Forensics and Security (WIFS). He is a co-author of four recent books published by Springer: Cyber-Security in Critical Infrastructures: A Game-Theoretic Approach (with S. Rass, S. Schauer, and S. König), A Game- and Decision-Theoretic Approach to Resilient Interdependent Network Analysis and Design (with J. Chen), Cross-Layer Design for Secure and Resilient Cyber-Physical Systems: A Decision and Game Theoretic Approach(with Z. Xu), Game Theory for Cyber Deception (with J. Pawlick).

Linan Huang於2016年獲得中國北京理工大學電氣工程學士學位，並於2022年獲得美國紐約大學布魯克林分校電氣工程博士學位。他目前是清華大學的助理研究員。他獲得了許多獎項，包括2022年Dante Youla研究優秀獎、2022年GameSec會議最佳論文獎和2022年INFORMS MAS Koopman獎。他的研究興趣包括多智能體系統中的動態決策、機制設計、人工智能、安全性和物理系統的韌性。

Quanyan Zhu於2006年獲得加拿大麥吉爾大學榮譽電氣工程學士學位，2008年獲得多倫多大學碩士學位，2013年獲得伊利諾伊大學香檳分校電氣工程博士學位。在普林斯頓大學工作後，他目前是紐約大學電氣與計算機工程系的副教授。他是紐約大學城市科學與進展中心（CUSP）和網絡安全中心（CCS）的聯合教職成員。他獲得了許多獎項，包括NSF CAREER獎、NYU Goddard初級教職獎、NSERC博士後獎學金（PDF）、NSERC加拿大研究生獎學金（CGS）和Mavis未來教職獎學金。他主持並主持了INFOCOM智能能源系統通信和控制研討會（CCSES）、中西部控制和博弈論研討會（WCGT）和ICRA機器人安全和隱私研討會。他目前的研究興趣包括博弈論、機器學習、網絡優化和控制、智慧城市、物聯網和物理系統。他曾擔任2016年和2020年決策和博弈論安全會議（GameSec）的總主席或TPC主席，2018年國際網絡遊戲、控制和優化研討會（NETGCOOP）的主席，2019年國際人工智能和安全研討會（ICAIS 2019）的主席，以及2020年IEEE信息取證和安全研討會（WIFS）。他是Springer出版的四本最新書籍的合著者：《關鍵基礎設施的網絡安全：博弈論方法》（與S. Rass、S. Schauer和S. König合著）、《韌性相互依賴網絡分析與設計的博弈和決策論方法》（與J. Chen合著）、《安全和韌性的物理系統交叉層設計：決策和博弈論方法》（與Z. Xu合著）和《博弈論在網絡欺騙中的應用》（與J. Pawlick合著）。