Opportunistic Networks: Concepts and Systems

This textbook provides an exhaustive exploration of Opportunistic Networks (OppNets). Divided into three parts, it starts with the foundational principles and metrics of OppNets, detailing their mobility and data dissemination. Significant focus is given to the security challenges faced by OppNets, including strategies to counter various attacks. The second part evaluates OppNets, introducing methods and metrics for assessment, theoretical and simulation models, and tools such as OMNeT++, The ONE and ns-3.

This textbook also offers comparative analyses and discussions on benchmarking. The third part delves into the implementation of OppNets, discussing technologies from Mobile Ad Hoc Networks to satellite communication and their integration with cellular technologies like 4G, 5G and 6G. Detailed insight into device characterization reveals the potential and limitations of devices within OppNets. Practical applications of OppNets in scenarios such as disaster management, remote communication, IoT challenges, smart cities and satellite networks are presented as well. Through detailed discussions and case studies, readers gain a comprehensive understanding of the structure, operation and practical implications of OppNets. It equips readers with knowledge to appreciate the vast potential of OppNets in various applications and settings.

This textbook targets advanced-level students and postdocs in computer science and electrical engineering as well as researchers, who are starting new in the area and need a comprehensive view of opportunistic networks. Practitioners who are interested in applying the concepts of opportunistic networks in their products and services, and would like to have a jump start into the development and applications of opportunistic networks will also want to purchase this book as a reference.

本教科書提供了對機會網絡（OppNets）的全面探索。分為三個部分，首先介紹了OppNets的基礎原則和指標，詳細介紹了它們的移動性和數據傳播。重點關注OppNets面臨的安全挑戰，包括對抗各種攻擊的策略。第二部分評估了OppNets，介紹了評估方法和指標，理論和模擬模型，以及像OMNeT++、The ONE和ns-3這樣的工具。

本教科書還提供了比較分析和討論基準。第三部分深入探討了OppNets的實施，討論了從移動自組網絡到衛星通信的技術，以及它們與4G、5G和6G等蜂窩技術的整合。詳細的設備特性揭示了OppNets中設備的潛力和限制。還介紹了OppNets在災害管理、遠程通信、物聯網挑戰、智慧城市和衛星網絡等場景中的實際應用。通過詳細的討論和案例研究，讀者可以全面了解OppNets的結構、運作和實際影響。它使讀者具備了在各種應用和環境中欣賞OppNets巨大潛力的知識。

本教科書針對計算機科學和電氣工程的高級學生和博士後研究員以及剛開始涉足該領域並需要全面了解機會網絡的研究人員。對於有興趣將機會網絡的概念應用於產品和服務中，並希望在機會網絡的開發和應用方面有一個快速入門的從業人員，也會希望購買本書作為參考資料。

Anna Förster obtained her MSc degree in computer science and aerospace engineering from the Free University of Berlin, Germany, in 2004 and her PhD degree in self-organising sensor networks from the University of Lugano, Switzerland, in 2009. She also worked as a junior business consultant for McKinsey&Company, Berlin, between 2004 and 2005. From 2010 to 2014, she was a researcher and lecturer at SUPSI (the University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland). Since 2015, she leads the Sustainable Communication Networks group at the University of Bremen. Currently, she serves as Director of the Bremen Spatial Cognition Center (BSCC) and as a board member of the Center for Computing Technology (TZI).Her main research interests lie in the domain of the Internet of Things. She is mostly interested in self-awareness and resilience, user friendliness and user adoption, self-organisation, and machine learning for IoT applications. All considered scenarios and applications serve the Sustainable Development Goals and contribute to a more sustainable and peaceful future.

Pietro Manzoni is a computer engineering professor at the "Universitat Politècnica de València," Spain. He received a master's degree in computer science from the "Università degli Studi" of Milan, Italy, in 1989 and a Ph.D. in Computer Science from the "Politecnico di Milano," Italy, in 1995. From November 1992 to February 1993, he was an intern at Bellcore Labs, Red Bank, New Jersey, USA. From February 1994 to November 1994, he was a visiting researcher at the ICSI (International Computer Science Institute) Berkeley, California, USA.

His research focuses on using Mobile Wireless Networks to create dynamic systems. Currently, he is developing solutions for the Internet of Things using LPWAN networks and Pub/Sub systems. These solutions have various applications, including environmental intelligence by integrating TinyML-based solutions, sustainable and green IoT, and Smart Tourism. Additionally, he is interested in exploring different aspects of network pluralism and finding ways to provide integrated connectivity in the edge-cloud continuum.

Enrique Hernández Orallo is a Professor in the Department of Computer Engineering at the Universitat Politècnica de València (Spain). He earned an MSc and a PhD in Computer Science from the Universitat Politècnica de València in 1992 and 2001 respectively. From 1991 to 2005 he worked at several companies in real-time and computer networks projects.

He is a member of the Computer Networks Research Group (GRC) and has participated in over 10 Spanish and European research projects and is the author of about 100 journal and conference papers and co-author of two successful books of C++ in the Spanish language. His areas of interest include performance evaluation, mobile and pervasive computing, data science and real-time systems.

Dr.-Ing. Koojana Kuladinithi is currently serving as the deputy head of the Institute of Communication Networks at Hamburg University of Technology since November 2016. Additionally, she holds the position of deputy coordinator for the international master's program of Information and Communication Technology offered at the same university.

She earned her BSc and MSc in Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering from the University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka. She then completed her PhD on "Wireless Multihop Ad hoc Networks: Evaluation of Radio Disjoint Multipath Routing" at the University of Bremen, Germany. Her journey in the field of research began in 2002 when she joined the ComNets group at the University of Bremen as a research scientist specializing in enhancing mobility management protocols. Over the years, she has made significant contributions to the scientific community with numerous publications, including patents, and remains an active participant in the IETF. As a senior researcher at the Institute of Communication Networks of the Hamburg University of Technology, her primary focus is enhancing network protocols, optimizing and modeling Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) protocols, and opportunistic communications.

Asanga Udugama is a senior lecturer at the Sustainable Communication Networks Group of the University of Bremen, Germany.

He obtained his BBA from Colombo University, Sri Lanka, M.Eng. from the Munster Technological University, Cork, Ireland, and PhD from the University of Bremen. Throughout his academic career, he has made numerous contributions to research in computer networks through patents, publications, talks, teaching, and student supervision. He primarily focuses his research efforts on improving and assessing opportunistic and information-centric networking protocols for the Internet of Things, with a particular emphasis on sustainability, achieved through modeling and practical implementations.

Anna Förster於2004年從德國柏林自由大學獲得計算機科學和航空航天工程的碩士學位，並於2009年從瑞士盧加諾大學獲得自組織感測器網絡的博士學位。她還在2004年至2005年期間擔任麥肯錫公司柏林的初級商業顧問。從2010年到2014年，她在南瑞士應用科學大學（SUPSI）擔任研究員和講師。自2015年以來，她在不萊梅大學領導可持續通信網絡小組。目前，她擔任不萊梅空間認知中心（BSCC）主任和計算技術中心（TZI）董事會成員。她的主要研究興趣在於物聯網領域。她主要關注自我意識和韌性、用戶友好性和用戶採用、自組織和物聯網應用的機器學習。所有考慮的情景和應用都服務於可持續發展目標，並為更可持續和和平的未來做出貢獻。

Pietro Manzoni是西班牙“瓦倫西亞理工大學”的計算機工程教授。他於1989年從意大利米蘭大學獲得計算機科學碩士學位，並於1995年從意大利米蘭理工大學獲得計算機科學博士學位。從1992年11月到1993年2月，他在美國新澤西州紅銀行的貝爾實驗室實習。從1994年2月到1994年11月，他在加利福尼亞州伯克利的國際計算機科學研究所擔任訪問研究員。

他的研究重點是使用移動無線網絡創建動態系統。目前，他正在開發使用LPWAN網絡和發布/訂閱系統的物聯網解決方案。這些解決方案具有各種應用，包括通過集成基於TinyML的解決方案實現環境智能、可持續和綠色物聯網以及智能旅遊。此外，他還有興趣探索網絡多元化的不同方面，並尋找在邊緣-雲連續體中提供集成連接性的方法。

Enrique Hernández Orallo是西班牙瓦倫西亞理工大學計算機工程系的教授。他於1992年和2001年分別在瓦倫西亞理工大學獲得計算機科學碩士和博士學位。從1991年到2005年，他在實時和計算機網絡項目的幾家公司工作。

他是計算機網絡研究小組（GRC）的成員，參與了超過10個西班牙和歐洲的研究項目，並撰寫了約100篇期刊和會議論文，並共同撰寫了兩本成功的西班牙語C++書籍。他的研究領域包括性能評估、移動和普遍計算、數據科學和實時系統。

Dr.-Ing. Koojana Kuladinithi目前擔任漢堡科技大學通信網絡研究所副所長，自2016年11月起。此外，她還擔任該大學國際碩士課程信息和通信技術的副協調員。

她在斯里蘭卡莫拉圖瓦大學獲得電子與通信工程的學士和碩士學位。然後，她在德國不萊梅大學完成了關於“無線多跳自組織網絡：無線不連續多路徑路由評估”的博士學位。她在2002年加入不萊梅大學的ComNets小組，擔任研究科學家，專門研究增強移動管理協議。多年來，她在科學界做出了重要貢獻，發表了許多論文，包括專利，並且仍然是IETF的積極參與者。作為一名高級研究員