相關主題
商品描述
The book is intended as a primer and discusses the main areas within judgment and decision making. However, these topics are not siloed. Instead, a narrative arc throughout the book has a higher level of critical appraisal of the key concepts and how they relate to some of the big questions about the nature of human rationality. The book begins by introducing two perspectives on rationality. The first describes how we decide on the goodness of a decision. This is a surprisingly recent concept called Rational Choice Theory, which was formed from a collection of books written around the time of the Second World War, that deal with how we think about risk as a probability and goodness as utility. In short, Rational Choice Theory argues that to be rational, people should always make the decision that maximizes subjective expected utility. The book goes on to describe the consensus view that emerged in the late 1960s and came to dominate our thinking about decision making, namely that people rarely make rational decisions. In fact, many Nobel prizes have been handed out for work showing that humans are not rational creatures (e.g. Daniel Kahneman, Richard Thaler, Robert Shiller). The book concludes with recent theoretical developments in our understanding of how people make decisions that reconcile Rational Choice Theory with human irrationality.
Although aimed primarily at second year undergraduates studying judgement and decision making as a core component of cognitive psychology, the book will also be relevant to third year electives in and MSc programmes. The book will also interest undergraduates studying economics, and undergraduates studying more general degrees in liberal arts or natural science. As an introductory text the book assumes no prior knowledge of judgement and decision making, cognitive psychology or economics. However, the level of the book assumes that the reader is familiar with academic texts and has experience of critical thinking. A key requirement of the reader is a willingness to relate academic concepts to the real world, and to try and understand the bigger picture about human psychology and its place in society.
商品描述(中文翻譯)
這本書旨在作為入門書籍，討論判斷與決策的主要領域。然而，這些主題並不是孤立的。相反，整本書有一個敘事弧，對關鍵概念進行更高層次的批判性評估，並探討它們如何與有關人類理性本質的一些重大問題相關聯。書籍開始時介紹了兩種理性的觀點。第一種描述了我們如何決定一個決策的好壞。這是一個相當近期的概念，稱為理性選擇理論（Rational Choice Theory），它源於二戰期間撰寫的一系列書籍，這些書籍探討了我們如何將風險視為概率，並將好壞視為效用。簡而言之，理性選擇理論主張，為了理性，人們應該始終做出最大化主觀期望效用的決策。書中接著描述了在1960年代末出現的共識觀點，這一觀點主導了我們對決策的思考，即人們很少做出理性的決策。事實上，許多諾貝爾獎是頒發給那些顯示人類並非理性生物的研究（例如，丹尼爾·卡尼曼、理查德·泰勒、羅伯特·希勒）。書籍最後總結了我們對人們如何做出決策的理解中的最新理論發展，這些發展調和了理性選擇理論與人類非理性之間的矛盾。
雖然這本書主要針對第二年本科生，作為認知心理學的核心組成部分學習判斷與決策，但對於第三年選修課程和碩士課程也同樣相關。這本書也會引起學習經濟學的本科生，以及學習更一般的文科或自然科學學位的本科生的興趣。作為一本入門書籍，這本書假設讀者對判斷與決策、認知心理學或經濟學沒有先前的知識。然而，這本書的水平假設讀者熟悉學術文本並具備批判性思維的經驗。讀者的一個關鍵要求是願意將學術概念與現實世界聯繫起來，並試圖理解人類心理學及其在社會中的更大圖景。
作者簡介
Richard Tunney is a Professor of Psychology at Aston University in the United Kingdom. He has over 25 years of experience conducting research and teaching in cognitive-experimental psychology at several prestigious universities. Professor Tunney studied for his first degree at the Laboratory of Experimental Psychology at the University of Sussex before moving to the University of York to conduct his doctoral research on implicit learning funded by the Medical Research Council. After this, he was appointed Senior Research Fellow in the Centre for Economic Learning and Social Evolution at University College London, where he researched Rational Choice Theory and prosocial behaviour. He took his first lectureship at Keele University before becoming an Associate Professor at the University of Nottingham, where he stayed for 14 years. In 2018, he became a Professor of Psychology and Head of School at Aston University.
Professor Tunney is an active member of several professional bodies, including the Experimental Psychology Society and the European Society for Cognitive Psychology. He is a founding member and Chair of Research in the Academic Forum for the Study of Gambling (AFSG.org.uk). This body both awards research grants funded by regulatory settlements from the Gambling Commission and acts to coordinate scientific evidence to influence public and health policy.
Professor Tunney's research focuses on judgement and decision making, specifically regarding Rational Choice Theory, surrogate decision Making, prosocial behaviour, and behavioural addictions such as gambling and gaming. He has published close to 100 articles and chapters.
作者簡介(中文翻譯)
理查德·塔尼（Richard Tunney）是英國阿斯頓大學（Aston University）心理學教授。他在多所知名大學從事認知實驗心理學的研究和教學已有超過25年的經驗。塔尼教授在薩塞克斯大學（University of Sussex）的實驗心理學實驗室獲得了他的第一個學位，之後轉到約克大學（University of York）進行由醫療研究委員會（Medical Research Council）資助的隱性學習博士研究。之後，他被任命為倫敦大學學院（University College London）經濟學習與社會演化中心的高級研究員，研究理性選擇理論（Rational Choice Theory）和親社會行為（prosocial behaviour）。他在基爾大學（Keele University）開始了他的第一份講師職位，隨後成為諾丁漢大學（University of Nottingham）的副教授，並在那裡工作了14年。2018年，他成為阿斯頓大學的心理學教授及學院院長。
塔尼教授是多個專業機構的活躍成員，包括實驗心理學學會（Experimental Psychology Society）和歐洲認知心理學學會（European Society for Cognitive Psychology）。他是賭博研究學術論壇（Academic Forum for the Study of Gambling, AFSG.org.uk）的創始成員及研究主席。該機構不僅頒發由賭博委員會（Gambling Commission）監管和解資金支持的研究補助金，還協調科學證據以影響公共和健康政策。
塔尼教授的研究重點在於判斷與決策，特別是關於理性選擇理論、代理決策（surrogate decision making）、親社會行為及行為成癮（如賭博和遊戲）。他已發表近100篇文章和章節。
