Environmental Risk and Resilience in the Changing World: Integrated Geospatial AI and Multidimensional Approach
暫譯: 變遷世界中的環境風險與韌性：整合地理空間AI與多維度方法

本書提供了在地理空間科學、地球環境科學、人文學科和社會科學領域的豐富知識和數據，目標讀者包括學術界、科學家、學生、環保人士、氣象學家、城市規劃師、遙感和地理資訊系統（GIS）專家等。地球環境（包括地球圈、生物圈、水圈、大氣圈和冰圈的生態包絡）面臨著來自全球土地使用快速變化、人口增加和污染等多種風險和威脅的重大挑戰。這些挑戰可能會嚴重損害生態系統維持長期服務水平的能力，同時削弱可持續發展的經濟、社會和環境支柱。因此，風險評估（RA）最近成為一個重要的研究主題，並成為執行與法律活動相關的環境修復和健康改善以實現可持續發展的強大機制。美國環境保護署（USEPA）於1980年首次使用風險評估方法，從那時起，這一方法已擴展並成為許多生態研究領域的標準做法。一些實踐包括空氣質量評估、土地退化評估、自然災害風險評估、城市表面生態健康狀況、濕地和森林健康評估以及飲用水質量評估。然而，最近僅依賴風險評估已不足以提出任何可持續管理計劃。此外，進行風險評估並沒有通用的策略，對該方法論的專業知識不足可能導致錯誤的結果。因此，科學家們越來越關注利用人工智慧（AI）和基於地理空間的風險評估來制定韌性策略，以降低環境風險。不同的韌性方法對於涉及韌性基礎的環境風險和影響評估的系統動態做出不同的假設。因此，本書旨在展示在韌性策略下，利用遙感、GIS、人工智慧以及最先進的框架（如PSR、VIOR、基於自然的解決方案）來減輕當前環境問題的風險和危害評估的最新進展。

Dr. Swapan Talukdar is an assistant professor at department of Geography, Asutosh College, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India. He has worked as Dr. D.S. Kothari Post-doctoral fellow in the Department of Geography, Faculty of Natural sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi for the period of 20.09.2021-29.02.2024. Dr. Talukdar completed his PhD from the Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga, West Bengal, India in 2020. He served as the junior research fellow (JRF) during 2015-17 and senior research fellow (SRF) during 2017-19 in the Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga. Dr. Talukdar has completed two international projects (as Co-PI) in collaboration with the King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia. He has published more than 83 scientific research articles in journals of international repute such as Journal of Cleaner Production, Environmental Pollution, Scientific Reports, Ecological Indicators, Sustainable Cities and Society, etc. Also, one edited book has been accepted by Springer Nature. His main areas of research are urban environment, urban wetlands, natural hazards, remote sensing and AI and their applications in environmental management. He has served as review editor for Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Frontiers in Environmental Science, Frontiers in Earth Science, and Frontiers in Water. He has served as a guest editor in sustainability journal (MDPI). He has served as a reviewer for many journals of Springer, Elsevier, Taylor and Francis, MDPI, and Frontiers.

Dr. Atiqur Rahman is a Professor of Geography at Dept. of Geography, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia. He completed B. Sc. (Hons.), M Sc., M Phil and Ph. D from Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. His research interest is urban environmental management, water resources and use of remote sensing satellite data, GIS and GPS. He was Post-Doctoral Fellow (PDF) at UFZ-Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany (1999). He was Co-PI of Indo-Germany DST-DAAD major project. He is the recipient of prestigious Young Scientist Project Grant Award (2001-2004) from Department of Science and Technology (DST), Govt. of India. He worked as one a member of Scientific Research Team of NASA funded UEM project on Urban Ecology and Sustainability (2004-2007). He is the Co-PI Indo-Canadian major research projects on Economic Transformation and Childhood Obesity funded by ICMR (India) and CHI (Canada) during 2010-2015. He was Co-PI of a major research project funded by Ministry of Environment and Forest, Govt. of India. He was the collaborating Scientist of another NASA funded major project on Impacts of Desert Urbanization on Climate using Remote Sensing and Numerical Modeling (2012-2015). Prof. Rahman has also done professional development initiative training on Climate Change and Its Impacts: Resilience and Adaptation to Changes in Precipitation, at Brown University USA (2010). He served as a Steering Committee (SC) Member (2009-2012) of Population and Environment Research Network (PERN), CISIN, Columbia University USA. He was the Advisor-Technical cum Consultant on Remote Sensing & GIS for the project (2013-18) in the PHFI & AIIMS, and Emory University, USA project. He also served as a Member, Governing Body (GB), of some colleges of University of Delhi as a University Nominee. He was the Faculty Coordinator, Inspired Teachers In-Residence Programme organized by the Office of the President of India at Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi, 6-12 June, 2015. Prof. Rahman was Hony. Dy. Director, (Academic) of Jamia Millia Islamia, (2015-2018). Prof. Rahman is the Coordinator, UGC-DRS SAP-I, Special Assistance Programme (SAP-I), Department of Geography, JMI. Ten students have been awarded Ph. D degrees under his supervision. He has published 15 books and 150 peer reviewed research papers in the journals of international repute such as Applied Geography, Ecological Indicators, Urban Climate and Nature's Scientific Reports, etc. He has widely travelled across the globe. Prof. Rahman is amongst the top 2% Global Elite Scientists in a study by University of Stanford, USA, published in the journal PLOS Biology in 2020 and 2021.

Dr. G. V. Ramana is a Professor (Higher Administrative Grade) of Geotechnical engineering and obtained masters and doctoral degrees from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York and has been teaching at IIT Delhi for the last 25 years. His areas of interest are: (i) geoenviornmental engineering, (ii) geoenvironmental risk (iii) ground improvement, and (iv) geotechnical earthquake engineering. He was one of two co-authors of the textbook Principles of Soil Dynamics, (published by CENGAGE in January 2010). He was deputed to Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok to teach a course on soil dynamics and earthquake engineering. Has guided 19 Ph.D. thesis, one M. S. thesis and 60 M. Tech theses primarily in the area of geotechnical/geoenvironmental engineering. Documented the research efforts in various reputed journals, and conferences. He had been Principal Investigator for several research projects. He is actively associated and contributed to the following dam projects: Salma Dam, Afghanistan; Polvaram Irrigation Project, Andhra Pradesh; TLDP Stage 3 Project, Tamanthi HEP, several ash ponds and tailings dams. He is been a member of several Panels of Expert Committee Members. Associated with over 100 consultancy projects dealing with: Specification of geotechnical investigations, Recommendation of Bearing capacity of shallow and deep foundations, soil-structure interaction of high-rise buildings, design of deep excavations, vibration assessment and isolation, liquefaction assessment and mitigation, testing of geosynthetics, design of ash ponds and landfills, and slope instability assessment and remedial measures. He also peer reviews design of RE walls and RE Slopes. He actively disseminates geotechnical expertise through invited lectures at short courses, training programmes for graduate engineers and at professional organizations.

Dr. Somnath Bera is currently an assistant professor in the Department of Geography at the Central University of South Bihar, India. He pursued his MPhil and PhD in Disaster Studies at the Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai. Throughout his academic journey, Dr. Bera extensively explored disaster-affected regions across India, Nepal, China and Japan enriching his research with firsthand experiences. Following his doctoral studies, Dr. Bera served as a research associate at the Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi. His scholarly pursuits revolve around disaster risk and resilience. Dr. Bera's contributions to the field have earned him numerous fellowships, grants, and awards. He has authored a plethora of research articles published in esteemed journals like the "International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction", "Journal of Cleaner Production", "Journal of Environmental Management", "Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment", "Natural Hazards," "Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment," and "Progress in Disaster Science," among others. Additionally, Dr. Bera serves as a reviewer for prestigious international journals published by "Elsevier," "Springer," and "Taylor and Francis." Beyond academia, Dr. Bera finds joy in landscape painting.

Prof. Atish Prashar is a leading newspaper columnist and a well known media educator with expertise in all media platforms. He is the Dean of the School of Media, Arts and aesthetics and works relentlessly as the head of the department of Mass Communication (since 2016) at the Central University of South Bihar. He made his entry in academia in the year 2002 and since then has been associated with Delhi University, IP University and many other institutions of excellence in the country. He believes in maintaining high standards in media education which has led him make significant contributions in various universities and institutes as a selection committee member also he is contributing in Bihar State University service commission as a subject expert. Prof. Parashar is well known trainer and associated with Bihar institute of public administration and rural development (BIPARD) and Bihar police academy. He has been training participants from Indian Administrative Services and Bihar Administrative Services. Prof. Parashar is a prolific writer with many reputed publications to his credit with an authorship of 5 books, 12 chapters and 30 research papers. Prof. Parashar is currently leading a major project as a Project Director at CUSB, funded by ICSSR. Title of his major project is "Awareness of Biodiversity and contaminants among inhabitants of ganga embankment area communication analysis of government and non-government communication about riverine ecology". He has been closely worked with NIDM and organized many workshops on disaster management. Quite often his editorials appear in reputed newspapers and magazines. Prof. Parashar is a member of various Board of Studies like Central University of Jharkhand, Assam University, CUSB, Patna University, Amity University etc. He is also an academic council member at CUSB. Besides academics, he has shown a high standard of administrative excellence. At Present Prof. Parashar is also serving as the Dean Students' Welfare at Central University of South Bihar. He represents CUSB as the Social Media champion at Ministry of Education. His zeal for extra curricular activities has made him Nodal officer for various Government of India programmes like: Ek Bharat Shrestha Bharat, Unnat Bharat, Gandhi 150 years, NCC, NSS etc. His philosophy of life swells from the belief of: simple living and high thinking; with his life practice he has set a high standard of the very philosophy.

斯瓦潘·塔魯克達博士（Dr. Swapan Talukdar）是印度加爾各答阿蘇托什學院地理系的助理教授。他曾於2021年9月20日至2024年2月29日擔任德斯·科塔里博士後研究員，於新德里賈米亞·米利亞·伊斯蘭尼亞大學自然科學學院的地理系工作。塔魯克達博士於2020年在印度西孟加拉邦的高邦大學地理系獲得博士學位。他在高邦大學地理系擔任過2015至2017年的初級研究員（JRF）和2017至2019年的高級研究員（SRF）。塔魯克達博士與沙烏地阿拉伯的哈立德大學合作完成了兩個國際項目（共同首席研究員）。他在《清潔生產期刊》、《環境污染》、《科學報告》、《生態指標》、《可持續城市與社會》等國際知名期刊上發表了超過83篇科學研究文章。此外，他編輯的一本書已被施普林格自然出版社接受。他的主要研究領域包括城市環境、城市濕地、自然災害、遙感技術及人工智慧及其在環境管理中的應用。他曾擔任《生態與進化前沿》、《環境科學前沿》、《地球科學前沿》和《水資源前沿》的審稿編輯，並在可持續性期刊（MDPI）擔任客座編輯。他還為施普林格、愛思唯爾、泰勒與弗朗西斯、MDPI和前沿等多個期刊擔任審稿人。

阿提庫爾·拉赫曼博士（Dr. Atiqur Rahman）是賈米亞·米利亞·伊斯蘭尼亞大學自然科學學院地理系的教授。他在阿里格爾穆斯林大學獲得了榮譽學士學位、碩士學位、哲學碩士學位和博士學位。他的研究興趣包括城市環境管理、水資源及遙感衛星數據、地理資訊系統（GIS）和全球定位系統（GPS）的應用。他曾於1999年在德國萊比錫的環境研究中心擔任博士後研究員（PDF）。他是印德德國DST-DAAD重大項目的共同首席研究員。他是印度科學技術部（DST）頒發的著名青年科學家項目獎（2001-2004）的獲得者。他曾是美國國家航空暨太空總署（NASA）資助的城市生態與可持續性（UEM）項目的科學研究團隊成員（2004-2007）。他是2010至2015年間由印度ICMR和加拿大CHI資助的印加重大研究項目的共同首席研究員，該項目涉及經濟轉型和兒童肥胖。他還是由印度環境與森林部資助的重大研究項目的共同首席研究員。他是另一個由NASA資助的重大項目的合作科學家，該項目研究沙漠城市化對氣候的影響，使用遙感技術和數值建模（2012-2015）。拉赫曼教授還在美國布朗大學參加了有關氣候變化及其影響的專業發展培訓（2010）。他曾擔任美國哥倫比亞大學人口與環境研究網絡（PERN）的指導委員會成員（2009-2012）。他是PHFI和AIIMS及美國埃默里大學項目的遙感與GIS技術顧問。他還作為大學提名的成員，擔任德里大學一些學院的管理機構成員。他是2015年6月6日至12日在新德里總統府舉辦的啟發教師駐校計劃的學院協調員。拉赫曼教授曾擔任賈米亞·米利亞·伊斯蘭尼亞大學的學術副主任（2015-2018）。他是賈米亞·米利亞·伊斯蘭尼亞大學地理系UGC-DRS SAP-I特別援助計劃（SAP-I）的協調員。在他的指導下，有十名學生獲得博士學位。他在《應用地理》、《生態指標》、《城市氣候》和《自然科學報告》等國際知名期刊上發表了15本書籍和150篇同行評審的研究論文。他曾廣泛旅行於全球。拉赫曼教授在2020年和2021年由美國史丹佛大學發表的研究中被列為全球前2%的精英科學家。

G.V. 拉馬納博士（Dr. G. V. Ramana）是地基工程的教授（高級行政級別），並在紐約州特洛伊的倫斯勒理工學院獲得碩士和博士學位，並在德里印度理工學院任教已達25年。他的研究興趣包括：（i）地環境工程，（ii）地環境風險，（iii）地基改善，以及（iv）地基抗震工程。他是教科書《土壤動力學原理》的兩位共同作者之一（該書於2010年1月由CENGAGE出版）。他曾被派往泰國亞洲科技大學教授土壤動力學和抗震工程課程。他指導了19篇博士論文、一篇碩士論文和60篇碩士技術論文，主要集中在地基/地環境工程領域。他在各種知名期刊和會議上記錄了研究成果。他曾擔任多個研究項目的首席研究員。他積極參與並貢獻於以下水壩項目：阿富汗薩爾瑪水壩、安得拉邦波爾瓦拉姆灌溉項目、塔曼提水電站TLDP第三階段項目以及多個灰燼池和尾礦壩。他是多個專家委員會的成員，參與了超過100個顧問項目，涉及地基調查規範、淺基礎和深基礎的承載能力建議、高層建築的土壤-結構相互作用、深基坑設計、振動評估和隔離、液化評估和緩解、土工合成材料測試、灰燼池和填埋場設計以及坡度不穩定評估和補救措施。他還對RE牆和RE坡的設計進行同行評審。他通過在短期課程、研究生工程師培訓計劃和專業組織的邀請講座中積極傳播地基技術專業知識。

索姆納特·貝拉博士（Dr. Somnath Bera）目前是印度南比哈爾中央大學地理系的助理教授。他在孟買塔塔社會科學研究所攻讀災害研究的哲學碩士和博士學位。在他的學術旅程中，貝拉博士廣泛探索了印度、尼泊爾、中國和日本的災害影響地區，並以第一手經驗豐富了他的研究。在博士學位後，貝拉博士在德里印度理工學院土木工程系擔任研究助理。他的學術追求圍繞著災害風險和韌性。貝拉博士在該領域的貢獻使他獲得了眾多獎學金、資助和獎項。他在《國際災害風險減少期刊》、《清潔生產期刊》、《環境管理期刊》、《遙感應用：社會與環境》、《自然災害》、《工程地質與環境公報》和《災害科學進展》等知名期刊上發表了大量研究文章。此外，貝拉博士還擔任《愛思唯爾》、《施普林格》和《泰勒與弗朗西斯》等知名國際期刊的審稿人。除了學術界，貝拉博士還喜愛風景畫。

阿提什·普拉沙爾教授（Prof. Atish Prashar）是一位知名的報紙專欄作家和媒體教育者，擁有所有媒體平台的專業知識。他是南比哈爾中央大學媒體、藝術與美學學院的院長，自2016年以來一直擔任大眾傳播系的系主任。他於2002年進入學術界，並自那時以來與德里大學、IP大學及國內許多其他優秀機構保持合作。他相信在媒體教育中保持高標準，這使他在各大學和機構中作為選拔委員會成員做出了重要貢獻，同時他也作為主題專家為比哈爾州大學服務委員會貢獻力量。普拉沙爾教授是一位知名的培訓師，與比哈爾公共行政與農村發展研究所（BIPARD）和比哈爾警察學院有合作。他曾培訓來自印度行政服務和比哈爾行政服務的參與者。普拉沙爾教授是一位多產的作家，擁有多部知名出版物，著作包括5本書籍、12章和30篇研究論文。普拉沙爾教授目前在南比哈爾中央大學擔任一個由ICSSR資助的重大項目的項目主任，該項目的標題為「對恆河堤岸地區居民的生物多樣性和污染物的認識：政府和非政府對河流生態的溝通分析」。他與NIDM密切合作，組織了多個災害管理工作坊。他的社論經常出現在知名報紙和雜誌上。普拉沙爾教授是中央比哈爾大學、阿薩姆大學、南比哈爾中央大學、巴特那大學、阿米提大學等多個學術委員會的成員。他也是南比哈爾中央大學的學術委員會成員。除了學術工作，他在行政管理方面也展現了高標準的卓越表現。目前，普拉沙爾教授還擔任南比哈爾中央大學的學生福利院長。他在教育部代表南比哈爾中央大學擔任社交媒體冠軍。他對課外活動的熱情使他成為印度政府多個項目的聯絡官，如：Ek Bharat Shrestha Bharat、Unnat Bharat、甘地150年、NCC、NSS等。他的生活哲學源於「簡單生活，高尚思想」的信念，並通過他的生活實踐樹立了這一哲學的高標準。