Detaining Immigrants, Scoring Criminals: How Scoring Algorithms Transformed Anti-Immigrant Sentiments Into Policy
暫譯: 拘留移民、評分罪犯：評分演算法如何將反移民情緒轉化為政策

Koulish, Robert, Calvo, Ernesto

Detaining Immigrants, Scoring Criminals: How Scoring Algorithms Transformed Anti-Immigrant Sentiments Into Policy
  • 出版商: Springer
  • 出版日期: 2025-07-09
  • 售價: $2,230
  • 貴賓價: 9.5 折 $2,119
  • 語言: 英文
  • 頁數: 99
  • 裝訂: Quality Paper - also called trade paper
  • ISBN: 3031869613
  • ISBN-13: 9783031869617
  • 相關分類: Machine Learning

    • 海外代購書籍(需單獨結帳)

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商品描述

Since 2012, scoring algorithms created to manage risks in the United States penal system have been adopted by Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agencies across the United States. First developed as a mechanism to reduce anti-immigrant biases and to ensure the humane treatment of detainees, scoring algorithms suffered constant revisions to accommodate DHS enforcement priorities as well as the preferences and punitive biases of ICE agents. With the arrival of the Trump administration, a technology created to ensure the humane treatment of undocumented immigrants became central to the policy of criminalization of the immigration process. This book provides historical, qualitative, and quantitative evidence of the process that placed risk assessment technologies at the forefront of the anti-immigration battle.

Using very large data sets on immigration and detention proceedings obtained from DHS through multiple FOIA requests, this Brief reveals the inner workings of the risk classification algorithms (RCA) used to process tens of thousands of immigrants each day. Chapters examine the tension between risk algorithms and end users and explain how ICE officers' preferences shape the scoring properties of RCA used in immigration enforcement. Illustrating how scoring algorithms oppress immigrants of color, this book is interest policymakers, immigration scholars, lawyers, criminologists, political scientists, and university professors, graduate students, and undergraduate students in the behavioral sciences.

商品描述(中文翻譯)

自2012年以來，為了管理美國刑事系統中的風險而創建的評分算法已被美國各地的移民和海關執法局（ICE）採用。這些算法最初是作為減少反移民偏見和確保人道對待被拘留者的機制而開發的，但隨著國土安全部（DHS）執法優先事項以及ICE特工的偏好和懲罰性偏見的變化，評分算法經歷了不斷的修訂。隨著特朗普政府的上任，原本旨在確保無證移民人道對待的技術，卻成為了將移民過程刑事化政策的核心。本書提供了歷史性、定性和定量的證據，展示了將風險評估技術置於反移民鬥爭前沿的過程。

本書利用從DHS通過多次信息自由法（FOIA）請求獲得的有關移民和拘留程序的非常大數據集，揭示了用於每天處理數萬名移民的風險分類算法（RCA）的內部運作。各章節探討了風險算法與最終用戶之間的緊張關係，並解釋了ICE官員的偏好如何影響用於移民執法的RCA的評分特性。本書展示了評分算法如何壓迫有色人種移民，對政策制定者、移民學者、律師、犯罪學家、政治學家以及行為科學領域的大學教授、研究生和本科生具有重要的參考價值。

作者簡介

Robert Koulish (University of Wisconsin, Ph.D.) is the Director of MLaw Programs, administered through the College of Behavioral and Social Sciences (BSOS) at the University of Maryland. Koulish is also Research Professor in Government and Politics and Lecturer at Law at the UMD Carey School of Law in Baltimore, where he teaches immigration law and policy. He is co-founder of the Crimmigration Control International Net of Researchers (CINETS, 2011), and author of Immigration and American Democracy (Routledge, 2009), co editor of Crimmigrant Nations (Fordham U. Press, 2020), Immigration Detention, Risk and Human Rights (Springer 2016), Crimmigration in the Age of Covid-19 (Social Sciences, 2023), and several articles including "The Immigration Detention Risk Assessment" (with Mark Noferi, 2014), and "Manipulating Risk" (with Kate Evans, 2020). He has researched Central Europe and along the U.S. Mexico border, investigating human rights abuses, refugees, and patterns and practices of social control within legal institutions.

Ernesto Calvo (PhD, Northwestern University 2001), Professor of Government and Politics at the University of Maryland, Director of the Interdisciplinary Lab for Computational Social Science (iLCSS), and Field Editor of the Journal of Politics (JOP-Comparative). His work uses big data to study comparative political institutions, political representation, and social networks. He is the author of Non-Policy Politics (with Victoria Murillo, Cambridge, 2019), Legislator Success in Fragmented Congresses in Argentina (Cambridge, 2014), and over 50 publications in Latin America, Europe, and the United States. The American Political Science Association has recognized his research with the Lawrence Longley Award, the Leubbert Best Article Award, and the Michael Wallerstein Award. He is currently working on a book project on activating political content in social media.

作者簡介(中文翻譯)

羅伯特·庫利什（威斯康辛大學，博士）是馬里蘭大學行為與社會科學學院（BSOS）所管理的法律碩士課程的主任。庫利什同時也是馬里蘭大學凱瑞法學院的政府與政治研究教授及法律講師，教授移民法與政策。他是犯罪移民控制國際研究網絡（CINETS，2011）的共同創辦人，著作包括《移民與美國民主》（Routledge，2009），《犯罪移民國家》（Fordham U. Press，2020）的共同編輯，《移民拘留、風險與人權》（Springer，2016），《疫情時代的犯罪移民》（社會科學，2023），以及多篇文章，包括《移民拘留風險評估》（與馬克·諾費里合著，2014）和《操控風險》（與凱特·埃文斯合著，2020）。他曾研究中歐及美國與墨西哥邊界，調查人權侵害、難民以及法律機構內的社會控制模式與實踐。

恩內斯托·卡爾沃（博士，西北大學，2001年），馬里蘭大學政府與政治教授，計算社會科學跨學科實驗室（iLCSS）主任，以及《政治期刊》（JOP-Comparative）的領域編輯。他的研究利用大數據來研究比較政治機構、政治代表性和社會網絡。他是《非政策政治》（與維多利亞·穆里略合著，劍橋，2019）、《阿根廷碎片化國會中的立法者成功》（劍橋，2014）等著作的作者，並在拉丁美洲、歐洲和美國發表了超過50篇論文。美國政治科學協會曾以勞倫斯·朗利獎、勒伯特最佳文章獎和邁克爾·沃勒斯坦獎表彰他的研究。他目前正在進行一個關於在社交媒體上激活政治內容的書籍項目。

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