Spectrum of Dual-Use Technologies: Unforeseen Risks Versus Returns
暫譯: 雙用途技術的光譜：意外風險與回報之間的平衡

VASEASHTA, Ashok, Acad. Prof. Dr. received a Ph.D. degree from the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, in 1990, followed by Kobe's post-doctoral fellowship. He was awarded an Honoris Causa doctorate from Riga Technical University, Honorary membership of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova, and a Gold Medal for his academic leadership in Nanotechnology from the National Polytechnic University of Armenia. He is the Executive Director for strategic research with the International Clean Water Institute in Virginia, USA. He served as a Professor at Virginia Tech and Marshall University, Director of Research at the Institute for Advanced Sciences Convergence and International Clean Water Institute for Norwich University Applied Research Institutes, Vice-Provost (Rector) for Research in South Carolina, and Executive Director and Chair of the Institutional Review Board at a State University in New Jersey. He held visiting positions as a Professor at the Riga Technical University, Latvia, 3 Nano-SAE Research Centre, University of Bucharest, Romania, Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania; member of CIRET, France, and a scientist at the Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel. He served the U.S. Department of State in two rotations as a strategic S&T advisor in the Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation, Office of Weapons of Mass Destruction and Terrorism. He was the NATO project director for seven activities funded by NATO's Science for Peace and Security program. Inspired by nature and guided by societal necessities, he strives for technological innovations to address the global challenges of the 21st century. He specializes in dual-use research to identify embedded hybrid threats, using research tools such as foresight, heuristics, artificial intelligence, and complexity science. His research interests include nanotechnology, environmental/ecotoxicology science, critical infrastructure protection, and the environmental impact of micro/nano plastics, all using the nexus of advanced technological solution platforms. He is the author/editor of 24 books and has published over 350 articles in scientific journals, book chapters, and conferences.

Álvaro Rocha holds the title of Honorary Professor and holds Habilitation in Information Science, Ph.D. in Information Systems and Technologies, M.Sc. in Information Management, and B.C.s in Computer Science. He is a Professor of Information Systems at the University of Lisbon - ISEG, Honorary Professor at Amity University, researcher at the ADVANCE (the ISEG Centre for Advanced Research in Management), and a collaborator researcher at CINTESIS. His main research interests are maturity models, management information systems, quality of information systems, intelligent information systems, cybersecurity, e-government, e-health, and information technology in education. He is also Vice-Chair of the IEEE Portugal Section Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Society Chapter, and Founder of three journals: WJIS - World Journal of Information Systems, JISEM - Journal of Information Systems Engineering & Management, and Revista Ibérica de Sistemas e Tecnologias de Informação/Iberian Journal of Information Systems and Technologies. He is also the Scientific Manager of the Information Systems Engineering & Management book series at Springer-Nature, the world's leading publisher of publications in Science, Technology, and Health. Moreover, he has served as Vice-Chair of Experts for the European Commission's Horizon 2020 Program, and as an Expert at the COST - intergovernmental framework for European Cooperation in Science and Technology, at the E.C.'s Horizon Europe Program, at the Governments of Italy's Ministry of Universities and Research, Latvia's Ministry of Finance, Mexico's National Council of Science and Technology, Polish's National Science Centre, Cyprus's Research and Innovation Foundation, and Slovak's Research Agency. Álvaro Rocha is a World's Top 1% Scientist by Stanford University and Elsevier (2022 & 2023), Top 0.05% Scientist by ScholarGPS (2023), and Top 1% Scientist by ResearchGate in the Information Systems field (2022- 24).

VASEASHTA, Ashok，學術教授博士於1990年獲得美國維吉尼亞理工學院（Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University）博士學位，隨後在神戶獲得博士後研究獎學金。他獲得了拉脫維亞技術大學（Riga Technical University）頒發的榮譽博士學位、摩爾多瓦科學院的榮譽會員資格，以及亞美尼亞國立理工大學頒發的納米技術學術領導金獎。他是美國維吉尼亞州國際清水研究所的戰略研究執行董事。他曾擔任維吉尼亞理工大學和馬歇爾大學的教授、諾里奇大學應用研究所的先進科學融合研究所及國際清水研究所的研究主任、南卡羅來納州的研究副校長（校長），以及新澤西州一所州立大學的機構審查委員會執行董事和主席。他曾在拉脫維亞的拉脫維亞技術大學、羅馬尼亞布加勒斯特大學的3 Nano-SAE研究中心、羅馬尼亞布拉索夫的特蘭西瓦尼亞大學擔任訪問教授；並且是法國CIRET的成員，以及以色列魏茨曼科學研究所的科學家。他在美國國務院擔任過兩次輪值的戰略科技顧問，任職於國際安全與不擴散局的大規模毀滅武器與恐怖主義辦公室。他是北約科學為和平與安全計畫的七個活動的項目主任。受到自然啟發並受到社會需求的指導，他致力於技術創新，以應對21世紀的全球挑戰。他專注於雙重用途研究，以識別潛在的混合威脅，使用前瞻性、啟發式、人工智慧和複雜科學等研究工具。他的研究興趣包括納米技術、環境/生態毒理學、關鍵基礎設施保護以及微/納米塑料的環境影響，所有這些都利用先進技術解決方案平台的聯結。他是24本書的作者/編輯，並在科學期刊、書籍章節和會議上發表了超過350篇文章。

Álvaro Rocha擔任榮譽教授，並擁有資訊科學的Habilitation、資訊系統與技術的博士學位、資訊管理的碩士學位以及計算機科學的學士學位。他是里斯本大學（University of Lisbon）ISEG的資訊系統教授、阿米提大學的榮譽教授、ADVANCE（ISEG管理高級研究中心）的研究員，以及CINTESIS的合作研究員。他的主要研究興趣包括成熟度模型、管理資訊系統、資訊系統的質量、智能資訊系統、網絡安全、電子政府、電子健康以及教育中的資訊技術。他還是IEEE葡萄牙分會系統、人類與控制論學會章的副主席，並創辦了三本期刊：WJIS - 世界資訊系統期刊、JISEM - 資訊系統工程與管理期刊，以及Iberian Journal of Information Systems and Technologies。他還是施普林格-自然（Springer-Nature）資訊系統工程與管理書系列的科學經理，該出版社是科學、技術和健康領域的全球領先出版商。此外，他曾擔任歐洲委員會Horizon 2020計畫的專家副主席，以及COST - 歐洲科學與技術合作的政府間框架的專家，參與歐洲委員會的Horizon Europe計畫、意大利政府的高等教育與研究部、拉脫維亞財政部、墨西哥國家科學與技術委員會、波蘭國家科學中心、塞浦路斯研究與創新基金會以及斯洛伐克研究機構的專家。Álvaro Rocha被史丹佛大學和Elsevier評選為全球前1%科學家（2022年和2023年）、ScholarGPS評選為前0.05%科學家（2023年），以及ResearchGate在資訊系統領域評選為前1%科學家（2022-2024年）。