6G多天線與智能超錶面技術

本書由北京交通大學和中興通訊相關研究團隊成員合作編寫，兼具學術性和工程性的特點。本書闡述了多天線（Multiple-Input Multiple-Output，MIMO）技術的基本概念和未來發展方向，從基礎理論、關鍵技術、工程問題等方面闡述了面向 5G-Advanced 和 6G 的大規模 MIMO（Massive MIMO）、去蜂窩大規模 MIMO（Cell-Free Massive MIMO）和智能超錶面（Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface，RIS）技術。 本書深入淺出、概念清晰，可作為去蜂窩大規模 MIMO 及 RIS 技術研究人員的參考資料，也可以作為 6G 研究同行的技術指導資料，還可以作為對 6G 感興趣讀者的技術讀物以及高年級碩士生和博士生的學習資料，並為未來 6G 商用的技術選擇和決策提供參考。

第 1 章 緒論····················································································································1
1.1 引言·····························································································································1
1.2 從多天線技術演進到全新智能超錶面技術·······························································4
1.3 內容概述及章節結構··································································································5
第 2 章 蜂窩大規模 MIMO 技術 ····················································································.6
2.1 序言·····························································································································6
2.1.1 MIMO 技術的發送和接收 ··············································································6
2.1.2 MIMO 參考信號設計······················································································8
2.1.3 通道信息獲取方式 ··························································································8
2.2 基礎理論 ·····················································································································9
2.2.1 蜂窩大規模 MIMO 空間復用技術··································································9
2.2.2 蜂窩大規模 MIMO 空間復用模型································································13
2.2.3 蜂窩大規模 MIMO 通道狀態測量································································15
2.3 蜂窩大規模 MIMO 設計···························································································17
2.4 蜂窩大規模天線多用戶復用技術 ············································································18
2.4.1 多用戶數據傳輸問題 ····················································································19
2.5 波束管理 ···················································································································20
2.5.1 多用戶 MIMO 中在獲知乾擾情況下的波束管理 ········································20
2.5.2 以人工智能為基礎的波束管理·····································································22
2.6 虛擬扇區化 ···············································································································24
第 3 章 蜂窩大規模 MIMO 技術挑戰與應用 ··································································28
3.1 多小區協作機制········································································································28
3.2 蜂窩大規模 MIMO 技術對網絡架構的影響 ···························································28
3.2.1 蜂窩大規模 MIMO 天線陣列配置的位置····················································29
3.2.2 異構網絡下同頻與異頻方案·········································································29
3.2.3 異構網絡下雙工方式選擇·············································································31
3.3 降低通道測量開銷技術····························································································31
3.3.1 利用壓縮感知降低開銷技術·········································································31
3.3.2 分維反饋降低開銷技術·················································································32
3.4 非通道互易場景的大規模 MIMO 技術 ···································································33
3.4.1 非通道互易性問題分析·················································································33
3.4.2 非通道互易場景下大規模 MIMO 技術應用分析 ········································36
3.4.3 接收端 MIMO 技術應用 ···············································································37
3.5 蜂窩大規模 MIMO 有源陣列應用···········································································38
3.6 蜂窩大規模天線 MIMO 技術與高頻段傳輸的結合················································40
3.7 本章小結 ···················································································································40
第 4 章 去蜂窩大規模 MIMO 技術·················································································41
4.1 序言···························································································································41
4.2 去蜂窩大規模 MIMO 的發展···················································································44
4.3 基礎理論 ···················································································································47
4.3.1 系統架構與特點 ····························································································47
4.3.2 用戶為中心的系統模型·················································································49
4.3.3 通道模型········································································································51
4.3.4 通道硬化和通道正交 ····················································································54
4.4 本章小結 ···················································································································55
第 5 章 去蜂窩大規模 MIMO 關鍵技術··········································································57
5.1 導頻分配策略 ···········································································································57
5.1.1 基於圖染色理論的導頻分配·········································································58
5.1.2 基於禁忌搜索的導頻分配·············································································61
5.2 通道估計方法 ···········································································································64
5.2.1 基於導頻訓練的通道估計·············································································64
5.2.2 基於深度學習的通道估計·············································································67
5.3 聯合信號檢測 ···········································································································73
5.3.1 大尺度衰落解碼 ····························································································74
5.3.2 全導頻迫零接收機 ························································································77
5.3.3 部分全導頻迫零接收機·················································································78
5.3.4 保護弱用戶的部分全導頻迫零接收機 ·························································80
5.3.5 分佈式正則化迫零接收機·············································································82
5.3.6 局部大尺度衰落解碼 ····················································································88
5.3.7 最優雙線性均衡器 ························································································89
5.4 功率控制算法 ···········································································································93
5.4.1 啟發式功率控制 ····························································································94
5.4.2 基於凸優化方法的功率控制·········································································96
5.4.3 基於深度學習的功率控制·············································································99
5.4.4 功率控制算法對比 ······················································································102
5.5 本章小結 ·················································································································105
第 6 章 去蜂窩大規模 MIMO 系統的工程問題·····························································106
6.1 前傳容量壓縮 ·········································································································106
6.1.1 基於前傳鏈路受限的傳輸機制···································································106
6.1.2 基於低精度 ADC 的前傳容量壓縮····························································.114
6.1.3 基於深度學習的前傳容量壓縮··································································.116
6.2 基於相位噪聲的系統性能分析 ·············································································.118
6.3 基於硬件損傷的系統性能分析 ··············································································120
6.4 基於 NOMA 的去蜂窩大規模 MIMO 系統分析 ···················································125
6.5 基於聯邦學習的去蜂窩大規模 MIMO 系統 ·························································129
6.6 基於可擴展性的去蜂窩系統設計 ··········································································131
6.7 基於分佈式空間部署的同步問題 ··········································································135
6.8 去蜂窩大規模 MIMO 技術展望·············································································135
6.9 本章小結 ·················································································································138
第 7 章 智能超錶面技術······························································································140
7.1 概述·························································································································140
7.2 RIS 優勢與應用分析 ······························································································144
7.3 通道模型分析 ·········································································································146
7.4 通道模型分析 ·········································································································152
7.5 波束賦形設計 ·········································································································154
7.6 RIS 與多種技術結合分析·······················································································156
7.6.1 物理層安全··································································································156
7.6.2 感知定位······································································································157
7.6.3 基於 NOMA 的 RIS 輔助通信系統·····························································158
7.7 未來挑戰分析 ·········································································································159
7.8 拓展閱讀：RIS 標準與產業推動進展 ···································································162
參考文獻·······················································································································165