Python程序設計基礎項目化教程

項目一 初識 Python ·······················································································.1
任務一 Python 概述 ···········································································.2
任務引入 ·············································································.2
知識準備 ·············································································.2
一、Python 簡介 ·····································································.2
二、Python 3.14.0 新特性 ··························································.3
三、安裝 Python ·····································································.5
四、Anaconda ········································································.9
五、Python 的基本概念 ··························································.15
任務二 Python 開發環境 ···································································.17
任務引入 ···········································································.17
知識準備 ···········································································.17
一、IDLE Shell ·····································································.18
二、Python 標準庫 ································································.19
三、Python 第三方庫 ·····························································.21
四、官網下載軟件包 ·····························································.28
五、模塊導入 ·······································································.28
任務三 語法基礎 ·············································································.29
任務引入 ···········································································.29
知識準備 ···········································································.29
一、語法規範 ·······································································.30
二、標識符 ··········································································.31
三、基本符號 ·······································································.33
四、註釋符號 ·······································································.36
五、頭部聲明與結構 ·····························································.37
六、常量與變量····································································.38
七、運算符 ··········································································.39
項目總結 ·························································································.43
項目實戰 ·························································································.43
實戰 Python 運算符計算示例 ·················································.43
項目二 PyCharm 基礎知識 ···········································································.46
任務一 PyCharm 從安裝到運行 ··························································.47
任務引入 ···········································································.47
知識準備 ···········································································.47
一、PyCharm 下載和安裝 ·······················································.48
二、項目文件創建 ································································.52
三、創建 Python 文件 ····························································.57
四、運行 Python 文件 ····························································.60
任務二 程序的調試 ··········································································.61
任務引入 ···········································································.61
知識準備 ···········································································.61
一、兩類常見錯誤 ································································.62
二、基本調試功能 ································································.63
三、斷點調試 ·······································································.66
任務三 包管理 ················································································.67
任務引入 ···········································································.67
知識準備 ···········································································.67
一、在 PyCharm 對話框中安裝第三方庫 ····································.67
二、使用 PyCharm 的內置終端安裝 ···········································.71
項目總結 ·························································································.75
項目實戰 ·························································································.75
實戰 1 創建 Python 文件 ·······················································.75
實戰 2 生成 ASCII 藝術字 ·····················································.80
項目三 數據類型和程序設計 ··········································································.82
任務一 數字類型 ·············································································.83
任務引入 ···········································································.83
知識準備 ···········································································.83
一、數字類型分類 ································································.83
案例 1—整型變量示例 ························································.86
二、數據類型轉換 ································································.88
案例 2—數據類型轉換示例 ··················································.89
任務二 數據容器 ·············································································.90
任務引入 ···········································································.90
知識準備 ···········································································.91
一、字符串 ··········································································.91
案例 3—字符串常用方法示例 ···············································.93
二、列表 ·············································································.94
案例 4—創建列表示例 ························································.95
三、區間 ·············································································.96
四、元組 ·············································································.97
案例 5—元組創建示例 ························································.98
五、字典 ·············································································.99
案例 6—創建字典示例 ·······················································.102
六、集合 ············································································.104
案例 7—創建集合示例 ·······················································.106
任務三 程序結構 ············································································.107
任務引入 ··········································································.107
知識準備 ··········································································.107
一、表達式與語句 ·······························································.108
二、順序結構 ······································································.109
案例 8—計算圓的面積 ·······················································.109
三、選擇結構 ······································································.110
案例 9—判斷並翻轉字符串 ·················································.112
四、循環結構 ······································································.113
案例 10—模擬數據加載效果 ················································.113
案例 11—計算圓周率 ·························································.114
五、程序的流程控制 ····························································.115
案例 12—在指定範圍內查找數字 ··········································.115
案例 13—構建新字符串並跳過特定字符 ·································.116
項目總結 ························································································.118
項目實戰 ························································································.118
實戰 1 字符對象統計 ··························································.118
實戰 2 年會費用預算表 ·······················································.119
項目四 字符串操作 ·····················································································.122
任務一 字符串的常用處理方法 ·························································.123
任務引入 ··········································································.123
知識準備 ··········································································.123
一、字符串的格式化與構建 ···················································.123
二、查找、統計與判斷 ·························································.125
案例 1—查找字符串 ··························································.125
案例 2—用戶輸入驗證 ·······················································.127
三、修改、清理與替換 ·························································.128
案例 3—清理用戶輸入中多余的空白 ·····································.128
案例 4—規範化英文標題 ····················································.129
案例 5—修正句子中的詞語 ·················································.130
四、分割與合並···································································.130
案例 6—處理學生簽到記錄 ·················································.131
案例 7—將路徑列表合並為完整路徑 ·····································.132
五、字符串編解碼 ·······························································.133
案例 8—字符串編解碼示例 ·················································.134
任務二 re 模塊高級文本匹配 ····························································.136
任務引入 ··········································································.136
知識準備 ··········································································.136
一、正則表達式常用元字符 ···················································.137
案例 9—查找所有數字 ·······················································.137
案例 10—查找指定的元音字母 ·············································.138
案例 11—查找連續的數字串 ················································.138
案例 12—匹配兩種英文拼寫 ················································.139
案例 13—驗證是否以指定內容開頭 ·······································.139
案例 14—驗證用戶輸入的合法性 ··········································.140
二、字符串查找···································································.141
案例 15—正則表達式查找示例 ·············································.142
三、字符串替換···································································.144
案例 16—清理文本中的不規範標點 ·······································.144
四、字符串分割···································································.145
案例 17—正則表達式字符分割示例 ·······································.146
項目總結 ························································································.147
項目實戰 ························································································.147
實戰 1 輸出金字塔字符 ·······················································.147
實戰 2 用戶信息批量脫敏與報告生成 ·····································.149
項目五 函數與模塊化編程 ············································································.151
任務一 函數的定義與使用 ·······························································.152
任務引入 ··········································································.152
知識準備 ··········································································.152
一、定義與調用函數 ····························································.152
案例 1—求和運算 ·····························································.153
案例 2—用 def 創建方程 y =5x +2 ·········································.153
二、變量的作用域 ·······························································.154
案例 3—輸出局部變量 ·······················································.154
案例 4—全局變量與局部變量重名 ········································.155
三、匿名函數（lambda） ·······················································.155
案例 5—計算圓面積 ··························································.156
任務二 函數的參數 ·········································································.156
任務引入 ··········································································.156
知識準備 ··········································································.157
一、位置參數與關鍵字參數 ···················································.157
案例 6—位置參數使用 ·······················································.157
案例 7—關鍵字參數使用 ····················································.159
二、默認參數 ······································································.160
案例 8—默認參數使用 ·······················································.161
三、可變參數 ······································································.162
案例 9—計算任意個數之和 ·················································.162
案例 10—打印用戶信息 ······················································.163
任務三 模塊化編程 ·········································································.164
任務引入 ··········································································.164
知識準備 ··········································································.165
一、創建與使用模塊 ····························································.165
案例 11—創建並使用一個數學工具模塊 ·································.165
二、不同的導入方式 ····························································.166
案例 12—從模塊中導入指定函數 ··········································.166
案例 13—為模塊指定別名 ···················································.167
項目總結 ························································································.168
項目實戰 ························································································.168
實戰 1 實現簡單的 ATM 取款功能 ·········································.168
實戰 2 創建並使用自定義的字符串工具模塊 ····························.170
項目六 面向對象編程入門 ············································································.173
任務一 類與對象的基礎···································································.174
任務引入 ··········································································.174
知識準備 ··········································································.174
一、類與對象 ······································································.174
二、類的定義 ······································································.175
三、創建對象（實例 化） ······················································.175
案例 1—創建一個 Student 對象 ············································.176
案例 2—創建多個對象 ·······················································.176
四、構造方法_init_和 self ···················································.177
案例 3—創建一個帶有初始屬性的 Student 對象 ·······················.178
五、屬性和方法···································································.179
案例 4—訪問和修改對象屬性 ··············································.179
案例 5—定義學生類並創建對象 ···········································.181
任務二 面向對象的三大特性 ····························································.182
任務引入 ··········································································.182
知識準備 ··········································································.182
一、封裝 ············································································.182
案例 6—封裝銀行賬戶信息 ·················································.183
二、繼承 ············································································.184
案例 7—動物類的繼承 ·······················································.184
三、多態 ············································································.186
案例 8—多態的統一接口 ····················································.186
項目總結 ························································································.188
項目實戰 ························································································.188
實戰 1 定義和使用手機類 ····················································.188
實戰 2 員工與經理的繼承關系 ··············································.191
實戰 3 圖形面積的計算 ·······················································.192
項目七 科學計算與數據分析基礎···································································.195
任務一 科學計算—NumPy ····························································.196
任務引入 ··········································································.196
知識準備 ··········································································.196
一、創建 NumPy 數組 ···························································.196
案例 1—從列表和元組創建數組 ···········································.196
案例 2—用 array 函數創建數組 ············································.198
二、查看數組的基本屬性 ······················································.200
案例 3—查看數組的屬性示例 ··············································.200
三、數組運算與索引 ····························································.201
案例 4—批量處理學生成績 ·················································.201
案例 5—訪問和切片二維數組 ··············································.203
任務二 數據分析—Pandas ·····························································.204
任務引入 ··········································································.204
知識準備 ··········································································.205
一、一維數組 Series ·····························································.205
案例 6—創建學生數學成績 Series ·········································.206
案例 7—篩選成績 ·····························································.207
案例 8—成績統計與加分 ····················································.208
二、二維數組 DataFrame ·······················································.210
案例 9—創建“沐浴露”品類數據數組 ··································.210
案例 10—精確地選擇數據 ···················································.213
項目總結 ························································································.214
項目實戰 ························································································.215
實戰 1 超市銷售數據分析 ····················································.215
實戰 2 創作者榜單數據分析 ·················································.216
項目八 表格和文檔操作 ···············································································.220
任務一 表格文件轉換 ······································································.221
任務引入 ··········································································.221
知識準備 ··········································································.221
一、Pandas 模塊庫 ·······························································.222
案例 1—顯示大學生學分記錄表數據 ·····································.222
案例 2—篩選大學生學分記錄數據 ········································.224
案例 3—顯示品類大盤解析報表數 據 ·····································.225
二、openpyxl 模塊庫 ·····························································.228
案例 4—讀取並輸出實驗數據 ··············································.229
三、PETL 模塊庫 ·································································.231
案例 5—輸出啤酒品牌市場份額數據 ·····································.233
任務二 文檔文件轉換 ······································································.235
任務引入 ··········································································.235
知識準備 ··········································································.235
一、python-docx 模塊庫 ·························································.235
二、文檔的基本操作 ····························································.236
三、文檔樣式設置 ·······························································.237
案例 6—文檔插入傳統文化文本 ···········································.239
四、插入圖片與表格 ····························································.240
案例 7—文檔插入二十四節氣圖片 ········································.241
案例 8—創建包含產品銷售量的表格 ·····································.242
項目總結 ························································································.244
項目實戰 ························································································.244
實戰 1 批量填充簡歷個人信息 ··············································.244
實戰 2 一鍵生成圖文並茂的公司簡介 ·····································.246