智慧科研的架構與實踐——科研機構數字化轉型之道

第 1 章? 智慧科研的基本概念 ·······································································1
1.1 科研機構的發展 ···················································································2
1.1.1? 科研範式的發展 ·············································································2
1.1.2? 世界科研機構的發展 ·······································································6
1.1.3? 我國科研機構的發展 ·······································································9
1.1.4? 新型科研機構的趨勢 ····································································.12
1.2 智慧科研的概述 ················································································.15
1.2.1? 智慧組織的概念 ··········································································.15
1.2.2? 智慧科研的內涵 ··········································································.18
1.2.3? 智慧科研的外延 ··········································································.21
第 2 章? 智慧科研的設計理念 ····································································.27
2.1 智慧科研平臺的內容與目標 ··································································.28
2.1.1? 智慧科研平臺的內容 ····································································.28
2.1.2? 智慧科研平臺的目標 ····································································.29
2.2 智慧科研平臺的重點與關鍵點 ·······························································.32
2.2.1? 業務架構的規劃設計 ····································································.33
2.2.2? 科研管理特色的專業化架構設計 ·······················································.34
2.2.3? 服務化和驅動業務的數據架構和數據治理 ············································.35
2.2.4? 規劃和研發平臺化的技術賦能平臺 ····················································.36
2.3 智慧科研平臺的難點分析 ·····································································.38
2.3.1? 多級管控與多模式的統一管理 ·························································.38
2.3.2? 智慧科研平臺與其他系統的集成 ·······················································.39
2.3.3? 技術架構和基礎平臺的信創全棧適配和支持 ·········································.40
2.3.4? 智慧科研平臺與科技業務治理體系的協調 ············································.41
2.4 解決方案的路線選擇 ···········································································.42
2.4.1? 科研機構數字化轉型面臨的問題與挑戰 ··············································.42
2.4.2? 可選的路線分析··········································································.44
2.4.3? 信息化的發展趨勢分析 ·································································.46
2.4.4? 科研數字化需要專業化和一體化 ······················································.47
2.5 智慧科研的設計思路 ···········································································.51
2.5.1? 業務功能的專業化 ·······································································.51
2.5.2? 應用架構的一體化 ·······································································.52
2.5.3? 使用體驗的人本化 ·······································································.53
2.5.4? 基礎平臺的信創化 ·······································································.55
2.5.5? 網絡安全的多域化 ·······································································.57
第 3 章? 智慧科研的業務架構 ····································································.61
3.1 智慧科研的架構框架 ···········································································.62
3.1.1? 智慧科研數字化平臺的架構框架 ·······················································.62
3.1.2? 基於 EA/TOGAF 的架構規劃 ······························································.63
3.1.3? 基於 DDD 的設計方法 ····································································.67
3.2 智慧科研的業務分析 ···········································································.67
3.2.1? 科技創新的組織體系 ····································································.67
3.2.2? 科技創新的項目體系 ····································································.69
3.2.3? 平臺業務的服務對象 ····································································.71
3.2.4? 智慧科研的業務範圍 ····································································.73
3.3 智慧科研的價值鏈 ·············································································.73
3.3.1? 科研機構的價值鏈模型 ·································································.73
3.3.2? 戰略與定位分析 ··········································································.74
3.3.3? 價值鏈業務分析 ··········································································.78
3.3.4? 職能支撐分析 ············································································.81
3.3.5? 智慧科研的效能分析 ····································································.82
第 4 章? 智慧科研的應用架構 ····································································.87
4.1 智慧科研應用架構概述 ········································································.88
4.2 統一門戶平臺 ···················································································.93
4.2.1? 概述與門戶應用架構 ····································································.93
4.2.2? 門戶工作臺 ···············································································.95
4.2.3? 科研與服務門戶 ·········································································.97
4.2.4? 協同創新門戶 ············································································.98
4.2.5? 專家門戶 ··················································································.99
4.2.6? 供應商門戶 ···············································································.99
4.3 科研選題與立項管理 ···········································································100
4.3.1? 科研項目與應用架構 ····································································100
4.3.2? 科研規劃與指南管理 ····································································101
4.3.3? 項目在線申報 ············································································103
4.3.4? 專家在線評審 ············································································106
4.3.5? 項目立項管理 ············································································114
4.3.6? 項目經費下達 ············································································115
4.4 科研項目實施管理 ·············································································116
4.4.1? 科研項目管理應用架構 ·································································116
4.4.2? 項目開題管理 ············································································117
4.4.3? 項目庫管理 ···············································································118
4.4.4? 任務與進度管理 ·········································································118
4.4.5? 項目月度總結 ············································································122
4.4.6? 項目變更管理 ············································································122
4.4.7? 科研項目過程監管 ·······································································122
4.4.8? 項目結題與驗收 ·········································································123
4.5 型號研制與試制生產管理 ·····································································127
4.5.1? 基於項目型的試制生產模式 ····························································127
4.5.2? 項目型研制的業務架構 ·································································131
4.5.3? 型號研制與試制生產 ····································································132
4.6 科研成果與產業管理 ···········································································136
4.6.1? 科研成果與產業管理應用架構 ·························································136
4.6.2? 科研成果發表申請與審批管理 ·························································137
4.6.3? 科研成果登記 ············································································137
4.6.4? 專利與知識產權管理 ····································································139
4.6.5? 科研成果評價與鑒定 ····································································142
4.6.6? 科研成果轉移轉化 ·······································································142
4.6.7? 科技經紀與企業孵化 ····································································142
4.6.8? 產業培育與監管 ·········································································143
4.7 知識管理與工程 ················································································145
4.7.1? 知識庫與知識圖譜技術應用 ····························································145
4.7.2? 自然語言處理技術應用 ·································································153
4.7.3? 科研大數據處理技術應用 ·······························································157
4.8 組織與人才管理 ················································································167
4.8.1? 業務應用的架構設計 ····································································167
4.8.2? 組織架構與人員管理 ····································································172
4.8.3? 人才入職選拔 ············································································177
4.8.4? 時間管理 ·················································································183
4.8.5? 薪酬管理 ··················································································187
4.8.6? 人才發展管理 ············································································189
4.8.7? 人力資源分析 ············································································193
4.9 預算管理與財務管理 ···········································································196
4.9.1? 預算與財務的架構設計 ·································································196
4.9.2? 預算管理 ··················································································204
4.9.3? 經費收入管理 ············································································215
4.9.4? 經費轉撥 ··················································································216
4.9.5? 經費支出與成本管控 ····································································218
4.9.6? 會計核算與賬務管理 ····································································227
4.9.7? 銀行互聯與回單智能處理 ·······························································231
4.10 采購與合同管理 ···············································································247
4.10.1? 采購模式與采購流程 ···································································247
4.10.2? 供應商管理 ··············································································251
4.10.3? 固定資產采購 ···········································································253
4.10.4? 無形資產采購 ···········································································256
4.10.5? 耗材采購管理 ···········································································257
4.10.6? 服務采購管理 ···········································································258
4.10.7? 采購業務全過程跟蹤 ···································································258
4.10.8? 與競價采購平臺集成 ···································································259
4.10.9? 與電商采購平臺集成 ···································································260
4.10.10? 合同管理 ···············································································260
4.11 資產與耗材管理 ···············································································264
4.11.1? 業務應用的架構設計 ···································································264
4.11.2? 固定資產管理 ···········································································267
4.11.3? 無形資產管理 ···········································································271
4.11.4? 耗材管理 ················································································272
4.11.5? 危化品管理 ··············································································273
4.11.6? 儀器設備共享服務 ······································································275
4.12 行政與辦公管理 ···············································································277
4.12.1? 業務應用的架構設計 ···································································277
4.12.2? 公文管理 ················································································279
4.12.3? 信息發布 ················································································281
4.12.4? 會議管理 ················································································282
4.12.5? 行政審批與督辦 ········································································285
4.12.6? 後勤管理 ················································································287
4.12.7? 外事管理 ················································································288
4.12.8? 檔案管理 ················································································290
4.13 決策與監管平臺 ···············································································292
4.13.1? 概述與應用架構 ········································································292
4.13.2? 監察與審計 ··············································································293
4.13.3? 科研績效評估 ···········································································295
4.13.4? 統計分析與決策 ········································································296
第 5 章? 智慧科研的系統架構 ····································································301
5.1 技術架構設計 ···················································································302
5.1.1? 微服務與原生雲應用架構 ·······························································302
5.1.2? 系統可靠性設計 ··········································································303
5.1.3? 系統高性能設計 ··········································································306
5.1.4? 移動應用架構設計 ·······································································308
5.1.5? 基礎設施規劃 ············································································311
5.2 系統部署方案設計 ·············································································313
5.2.1? 系統部署架構 ············································································313
5.2.2? 部署方案 1：分散式部署································································314
5.2.3? 部署方案 2：多實例集中部署 ··························································315
5.2.4? 部署方案 3：單實例集中部署 ··························································316
5.2.5? 部署方案的選擇 ··········································································318
5.3 數據架構設計 ···················································································318
5.3.1? 數據標準與規範 ··········································································318
5.3.2? 數據生命周期管理 ·······································································319
5.3.3? 數據分類管理方案 ·······································································321
5.3.4? 關系型數據庫的分布式方案 ····························································325
5.3.5? NoSQL 數據庫的分布式方案 ·····························································329
5.4 安全架構設計 ···················································································330
5.4.1? 總體安全架構設計 ·······································································330
5.4.2? 多域網絡安全 ············································································332
5.4.3? 終端安全 ··················································································335
5.4.4? 基礎架構安全 ············································································336
5.4.5? 用戶隱私安全 ············································································337
5.4.6? 業務應用安全 ············································································337
5.4.7? 基於角色的數據安全隔離 ·······························································338
5.4.8? 安全管理與三員管理 ····································································339
5.5 平臺與應用開發 ················································································342
5.5.1? 應用支撐架構與治理 ····································································342
5.5.2? 傳統開發平臺的挑戰 ····································································346
5.5.3? 前後端分離的開發模式··································································348
5.5.4? 基於業務的模型驅動開發模式 ·························································349
5.5.5? 無代碼與低代碼的編程模型 ····························································350
5.5.6? 應用架構的組件化 ·······································································353
5.6 智慧科研的集成架構 ···········································································353
5.6.1? 集成系統與分析 ··········································································353
5.6.2? 集成應用技術 ············································································356
5.6.3? 集成接口規範建議 ·······································································367
第 6 章? 智慧科研的治理體系 ····································································373
6.1 智慧科研的架構治理 ···········································································374
6.1.1? 數字化轉型治理的重要性 ·······························································374
6.1.2? 智慧科研的架構治理挑戰 ·······························································376
6.1.3? 架構治理的需求與目標··································································378
6.1.4? 架構治理的策略 ··········································································380
6.1.5? 架構治理的技術體系 ····································································382
6.1.6? 架構實現的治理策略 ····································································383
6.2 智慧科研的治理方法 ···········································································385
6.2.1? 項目實施的組織管理 ····································································386
6.2.2? 項目管理體系 ············································································391
6.2.3? 項目風險管理 ············································································392
6.2.4? 項目質量管控 ············································································394
第 7 章? 智慧科研的實施方法 ····································································397
7.1 項目建設的方法 ················································································398
7.1.1? 項目實施能力部署 ·······································································398
7.1.2? 項目實施方法論 ··········································································399
7.2 實施路徑與架構融合策略 ·····································································401
7.2.1? 統一的平臺與基礎架構 ·································································402
7.2.2? 核心業務一體化建設 ····································································403
7.2.3? 學科專業系統疊代開發 ·································································404
7.2.4? 專用系統的集成 ·········································································404
第 8 章? 智慧科研的應用實踐 ····································································405
8.1 廣東省科學院 GAOP 平臺 ····································································406
8.1.1? 廣東省科學院簡介 ·······································································406
8.1.2? 廣東省科學院數字化轉型背景 ·························································407
8.1.3? 廣東省科學院數字化轉型總體規劃 ····················································407
8.1.4? 廣東省科學院數字化轉型的主要成果 ·················································408
8.2 中國科學院深圳先進技術研究院智慧科研平臺 ···········································410
8.2.1? 中國科學院深圳先進技術研究院簡介 ·················································410
8.2.2? 中國科學院深圳先進院數字化轉型背景 ··············································411
8.2.3? 中國科學院深圳先進院數字化規劃與策略 ············································412
8.2.4? 中國科學院深圳先進院數字化轉型應用成果 ·········································413
8.3 光明實驗室一體化智慧科研平臺 ····························································415
8.3.1? 光明實驗室簡介 ··········································································415
8.3.2? 光明實驗室信息化建設背景 ····························································416
8.3.3? 光明實驗室信息化建設規劃與策略 ····················································416
8.3.4? 光明實驗室信息化建設成果 ····························································418
參考文獻 ···································································································420