Java編程技術與項目實戰

目 錄
第 1 章 走進 Java ·······················································································.1
1.1 Java 概述 ·························································································.2
1.1.1 Java 的歷史 ···············································································.2
1.1.2 Java 的特點 ···············································································.3
1.1.3 Java 的應用領域 ·········································································.4
1.2 Java 開發環境 ···················································································.4
1.2.1 JDK 的安裝···············································································.4
1.2.2 配置 Java 開發環境 ·····································································.6
1.2.3 安裝和配置開發工具 IDEA ···························································.8
1.2.4 JDK 概述··················································································11
1.2.5 JRE 概述···················································································11
1.2.6 JDK、JRE 與 JVM 的區別和聯系 ···················································11
1.2.7 第一個 Java 程序 ········································································11
1.3 Java 標識符 ······················································································12
1.3.1 標識符概述 ···············································································12
1.3.2 為什麼使用標識符 ······································································12
1.3.3 標識符的命名規範 ······································································12
1.3.4 關鍵字和保留詞 ·········································································13
本章小結 ·································································································13
關鍵術語 ·································································································13
習題 ·······································································································13
第 2 章 數據類型和變量 ················································································14
2.1 數據類型 ··························································································16
2.1.1 基本數據類型 ············································································16
2.1.2 引用數據類型 ············································································16
2.2 常量和變量 ·······················································································17
2.2.1 常量概述 ··················································································17
2.2.2 常量的使用 ···············································································17
2.2.3 變量概述 ··················································································18
2.2.4 變量的使用 ···············································································18
2.3 數據類型轉換 ····················································································19
Java 編程技術與項目實戰 VI
2.3.1 自動轉換 ··················································································19
2.3.2 強制轉換 ··················································································20
2.3.3 類型推斷 ··················································································21
本章小結 ·································································································22
關鍵術語 ·································································································23
習題 ·······································································································23
實際操作訓練 ···························································································23
第 3 章 運算符 ·····························································································24
3.1 算術運算符 ·······················································································26
3.1.1 加減乘除運算符 ·········································································26
3.1.2 取模運算符 ···············································································27
3.1.3 自增和自減運算符 ······································································28
3.1.4 總結算術運算符 ·········································································29
3.2 賦值運算符 ·······················································································29
3.3 關系運算符 ·······················································································30
3.3.1 關系運算符概述 ·········································································30
3.3.2 關系運算符的註意事項 ································································31
3.3.3 關系運算符的使用 ······································································31
3.4 邏輯運算符 ·······················································································32
3.5 位運算符 ··························································································33
3.5.1 位運算符概述 ············································································33
3.5.2 位運算符的類型 ·········································································33
3.5.3 位運算符的註意事項 ···································································33
3.5.4 位運算符的使用 ·········································································33
3.6 三元運算符 ·······················································································34
3.6.1 三元運算符概述 ·········································································34
3.6.2 三元運算符的語法 ······································································34
3.6.3 三元運算符的特點 ······································································34
3.6.4 三元運算符的註意事項 ································································35
3.6.5 三元運算符的使用 ······································································35
3.7 運算符的優先級 ·················································································35
本章小結 ·································································································36
關鍵術語 ·································································································37
習題 ·······································································································37
實際操作訓練 ···························································································37
第 4 章 流程控制語句 ···················································································38
4.1 順序結構 ··························································································39
4.1.1 順序結構的定義 ·········································································39
目 錄 VII
4.1.2 順序結構的特點 ·········································································39
4.1.3 順序結構的使用 ·········································································40
4.2 分支結構 ··························································································40
4.2.1 分支結構的定義 ·········································································40
4.2.2 分支結構的分類 ·········································································40
4.2.3 分支結構的特點 ·········································································41
4.2.4 分支結構的使用 ·········································································42
4.3 循環結構 ··························································································42
4.3.1 循環結構的定義 ·········································································42
4.3.2 循環結構的分類 ·········································································42
4.3.3 循環結構的特點 ·········································································44
本章小結 ·································································································44
關鍵術語 ·································································································45
習題 ·······································································································45
實際操作訓練 ···························································································45
第 5 章 數組 ································································································46
5.1 數組介紹 ··························································································47
5.1.1 數組概念 ··················································································47
5.1.2 數組的特點 ···············································································47
5.1.3 數組的應用領域 ·········································································48
5.2 一維數組 ··························································································48
5.2.1 一維數組的創建 ·········································································49
5.2.2 一維數組的初始化 ······································································50
5.2.3 一維數組的操作 ·········································································51
5.3 二維數組 ··························································································53
5.3.1 二維數組概述 ············································································53
5.3.2 二維數組的創建和初始化 ·····························································53
5.3.3 二維數組的註意事項 ···································································54
本章小結 ·································································································55
關鍵術語 ·································································································55
習題 ·······································································································55
實際操作訓練 ···························································································55
第 6 章 方法 ································································································56
6.1 方法概述 ··························································································58
6.1.1 方法的概念 ···············································································58
6.1.2 方法的特點 ···············································································58
6.1.3 方法的作用 ···············································································58
6.2 方法的定義和調用 ··············································································59
Java 編程技術與項目實戰 VIII
6.2.1 方法的定義 ···············································································59
6.2.2 方法的調用 ···············································································59
6.3 方法參數 ··························································································60
6.3.1 方法參數的個數 ·········································································60
6.3.2 方法參數的類型 ·········································································61
6.3.3 方法參數的種類 ·········································································62
6.3.4 方法參數的傳遞 ·········································································62
6.4 方法返回值 ·······················································································64
6.4.1 方法返回值的類型 ······································································64
6.4.2 方法返回值的應用 ······································································64
6.4.3 方法返回值的註意事項 ································································65
6.5 方法重載 ··························································································65
6.5.1 方法重載的規則 ·········································································65
6.5.2 方法重載的實現 ·········································································65
6.5.3 方法重載的優勢 ·········································································67
6.6 方法的作用域和生命周期 ·····································································67
6.6.1 方法的作用域 ············································································67
6.6.2 方法的生命周期 ·········································································67
6.7 遞歸方法 ··························································································68
6.7.1 遞歸方法的定義 ·········································································68
6.7.2 遞歸方法的特點 ·········································································68
6.7.3 遞歸方法的使用 ·········································································68
本章小結 ·································································································69
關鍵術語 ·································································································69
習題 ·······································································································69
實際操作訓練 ···························································································70
第 7 章 面向對象··························································································71
7.1 面向對象的思想 ·················································································73
7.1.1 面向過程的概念 ·········································································73
7.1.2 面向對象的概念 ·········································································73
7.1.3 面向對象與面向過程的關系 ··························································74
7.2 類與對象的關系 ·················································································74
7.2.1 類的定義 ··················································································74
7.2.2 對象的定義 ···············································································75
7.2.3 類與對象的關系 ·········································································76
7.3 成員的調用 ·······················································································76
7.3.1 成員變量和成員方法的定義 ··························································76
7.3.2 成員變量和成員方法的調用 ··························································76
7.4 成員變量與局部變量的區別 ··································································77
目 錄 IX
7.5 關鍵字 this 和 static ············································································78
7.5.1 關鍵字 this ················································································78
7.5.2 關鍵字 static ··············································································79
7.6 構造方法 ··························································································82
7.6.1 構造方法的定義 ·········································································82
7.6.2 構造方法的語法結構 ···································································83
7.6.3 構造方法的訪問 ·········································································83
7.7 封裝 ································································································84
7.7.1 封裝的定義 ···············································································84
7.7.2 包 ···························································································84
7.7.3 訪問修飾符的權限 ······································································85
7.7.4 封裝的實現 ···············································································86
7.7.5 封裝的好處 ···············································································87
7.8 繼承 ································································································88
7.8.1 繼承的定義 ···············································································88
7.8.2 繼承的作用 ···············································································88
7.8.3 繼承的語法與實現 ······································································88
7.8.4 成員的訪問 ···············································································89
7.8.5 構造方法的調用順序 ···································································89
7.8.6 方法重寫 ··················································································90
7.8.7 關鍵字 super··············································································92
7.8.8 關鍵字 final ···············································································95
7.9 多態 ································································································96
7.9.1 多態的定義 ···············································································96
7.9.2 多態的優點和作用 ······································································96
7.9.3 多態的實現方式 ·········································································97
7.10 抽象類和抽象方法 ············································································98
7.10.1 抽象類的定義···········································································98
7.10.2 抽象類的特點···········································································99
7.10.3 抽象類的實現方式·····································································99
7.10.4 抽象類的作用········································································.100
7.10.5 抽象方法的定義·····································································.100
7.10.6 抽象方法的實現方式·······························································.100
7.11 接口····························································································.101
7.11.1 接口的定義···········································································.101
7.11.2 接口的特點···········································································.101
7.11.3 接口的作用···········································································.102
7.11.4 接口的實現方式·····································································.102
7.11.5 抽象類與接口的區別·······························································.103
本章小結 ······························································································.103
Java 編程技術與項目實戰 X
關鍵術語 ······························································································.104
習題 ····································································································.104
實際操作訓練 ························································································.104
第 8 章 內部類··························································································.105
8.1 內部類 ··························································································.106
8.1.1 內部類的定義 ·········································································.106
8.1.2 成員內部類 ············································································.107
8.1.3 局部內部類 ············································································.108
8.2 靜態內部類 ····················································································.109
8.2.1 靜態內部類的定義 ···································································.109
8.2.2 靜態內部類的使用 ···································································.110
8.3 匿名內部類 ····················································································.111
本章小結 ······························································································.111
關鍵術語 ······························································································.112
習題 ····································································································.112
第 9 章 異常處理·······················································································.113
9.1 異常概念 ·······················································································.114
9.1.1 異常概述 ···············································································.114
9.1.2 異常體系結構 ·········································································.115
9.1.3 常用異常類 ············································································.115
9.2 異常處理 ·······················································································.116
9.2.1 異常捕獲 ···············································································.116
9.2.2 異常拋出 ···············································································.118
9.3 自定義異常類 ·················································································.118
9.3.1 自定義異常類概述 ···································································.118
9.3.2 自定義異常類的實現 ································································.118
9.3.3 異常鏈 ··················································································.119
本章小結 ······························································································.119
關鍵術語 ······························································································.119
習題 ····································································································.120
第 10 章 字符串和常用類庫········································································.121
10.1 字符串定義和通用操作 ···································································.122
10.1.1 創建字符串···········································································.122
10.1.2 字符串通用操作·····································································.123
10.1.3 StringAPI··············································································.126
10.2 StringBuilder 和 StringBuffer ····························································.127
10.2.1 StringBuilder 和 StringBuffer 概述···············································.127
目 錄 XI
10.2.2 常用方法··············································································.128
10.2.3 StringBuilder 和 StringBuffer 的區別············································.129
10.3 正則表達式···················································································.129
10.3.1 正則表達式概述·····································································.129
10.3.2 正則表達式的語法··································································.130
10.3.3 正則表達式的使用··································································.130
10.4 Java 常用類庫 ··············································································.132
10.4.1 Object 類··············································································.132
10.4.2 Math 類················································································.135
10.4.3 Random 類············································································.136
10.4.4 Date 類 ················································································.137
10.4.5 包裝類·················································································.140
本章小結 ······························································································.141
關鍵術語 ······························································································.141
習題 ····································································································.141
實際操作訓練 ························································································.141
第 11 章 集合框架·····················································································.142
11.1 集合框架概述················································································.144
11.1.1 數組特點和弊端·····································································.144
11.1.2 Java 集合框架體系··································································.144
11.1.3 Java 集合的使用場景·······························································.144
11.2 單列集合······················································································.146
11.2.1 Collection 接口·······································································.146
11.2.2 Iterator 接口 ··········································································.151
11.2.3 List 接口 ··············································································.153
11.2.4 Set 接口 ···············································································.157
11.3 雙列集合······················································································.165
11.3.1 Map 集合概述········································································.165
11.3.2 HashMap 實現類 ····································································.165
11.3.3 TreeMap 實現類 ·····································································.167
11.3.4 HashTable 實現類 ···································································.172
11.3.5 Properties 實現類····································································.172
11.4 Collections 工具類 ·········································································.173
本章小結 ······························································································.174
關鍵術語 ······························································································.174
習題 ····································································································.174
實際操作訓練 ························································································.174
Java 編程技術與項目實戰 XII
第 12 章 File 類與輸入輸出流 ·····································································.175
12.1 File 類·························································································.176
12.1.1 File 類概述 ···········································································.176
12.1.2 File 類的構造方法 ··································································.177
12.1.3 File 類的常用方法 ··································································.178
12.2 輸入輸出流分類 ············································································.180
12.2.1 輸入輸出流分類概述·······························································.180
12.2.1 輸入輸出流 API ·····································································.180
12.3 節點流·························································································.181
12.3.1 Reader 與 Writer·····································································.181
12.3.2 FileReader 與 FileWriter 實現類··················································.182
12.3.3 InputStream 與 OutputStream······················································.183
12.3.4 FileInputStream 與 FileOutputStream ············································.184
12.4 處理流·························································································.187
12.4.1 緩存流·················································································.187
12.4.2 轉換流·················································································.190
12.5 其他流·························································································.192
12.5.1 標準輸入輸出流·····································································.192
12.5.2 打印流·················································································.193
12.5.3 Scanner 類 ············································································.194
本章小結 ······························································································.196
關鍵術語 ······························································································.196
習題 ····································································································.196
實際操作訓練 ························································································.196
第 13 章 多線程························································································.197
13.1 多線程基本概念 ············································································.199
13.1.1 程序、進程與線程··································································.199
13.1.2 線程的調度···········································································.199
13.1.3 多線程的優點········································································.200
13.1.4 單核與多核概述·····································································.200
13.1.5 並行與並發概述·····································································.200
13.2 線程的創建與啟動 ·········································································.200
13.2.1 繼承 Thread 類·······································································.200
13.2.2 實現 Runnable 接口·································································.202
13.2.3 匿名內部類創建啟動線程·························································.204
13.2.4 繼承 Thread 類與實現 Runnable 接口的區別··································.205
13.3 線程的生命周期 ············································································.205
13.4 多線程同步···················································································.206
目 錄 XIII
13.4.1 資源線程的安全問題·······························································.206
13.4.2 同步機制··············································································.210
13.5 線程間的通信 ···············································································.215
13.5.1 為什麼要進行線程通信····························································.215
13.5.2 等待喚醒機制········································································.216
13.6 線程池·························································································.220
13.6.1 為什麼使用線程池··································································.220
13.6.2 線程池的優點········································································.221
13.6.3 線程池相關 API ·····································································.221
本章小結 ······························································································.223
關鍵術語 ······························································································.223
習題 ····································································································.223
實際操作訓練 ························································································.224
習題答案····································································································.225