感知識別技術與應用

第1 章 概述························································································································.1
1.1 自動識別技術··········································································································.1
1.1.1 自動識別技術的基本概念··················································································.3
1.1.2 常用自動識別技術····························································································.4
1.2 傳感檢測技術··········································································································.9
1.2.1 傳感檢測的概念·······························································································.9
1.2.2 傳感器和傳感檢測系統的組成············································································10
1.2.3 傳感檢測技術的起源與發展···············································································11
1.2.4 傳感器的基本特性····························································································12
1.2.5 傳感器分類與應用····························································································13
1.2.6 傳感檢測技術發展方向······················································································14
1.2.7 無線傳感器網絡·······························································································15
1.3 無線感測技術··········································································································16
1.3.1 無傳感器無線感測技術······················································································17
1.3.2 基於Wi-Fi 的無傳感器感測···············································································18
1.3.3 基於CSI 的無線感測技術的應用········································································19
1.3.4 實時定位系統···································································································20
第2 章 條碼技術·················································································································21
2.1 條碼概述·················································································································21
2.1.1 條碼基本概念···································································································21
2.1.2 條碼分類·········································································································23
2.1.3 條碼的符號結構·······························································································25
2.2 常用條碼簡介··········································································································25
2.2.1 商品條碼·········································································································25
2.2.2 物流單元條碼···································································································29
2.2.3 二維碼············································································································30
2.3 條碼識別技術··········································································································34
2.3.1 條碼識別技術原理····························································································34
2.3.2 二維碼識別技術原理·························································································35
2.3.3 條碼識別設備···································································································38
2.4 條碼技術應用··········································································································40
2.4.1 條碼技術應用環節····························································································40
2.4.2 二維碼的應用···································································································41
第3 章 RFIF 技術···············································································································44
3.1 RFID 概述···············································································································44
3.1.1 RFID 定義·······································································································44
3.1.2 RFID 特點·······································································································44
3.1.3 RFID 系統組成和工作過程·················································································45
3.1.4 RFID 的優缺點·································································································47
3.2 RFID 標準化············································································································48
3.2.1 RFID 標準概述·································································································48
3.2.2 RFID 標準化組織······························································································49
3.2.3 RFID 標準體系結構··························································································51
3.3 RFID 讀寫器············································································································52
3.3.1 讀寫器工作原理·······························································································52
3.3.2 讀寫器天線······································································································54
3.3.3 讀寫器的發展趨勢····························································································55
3.4 RFID 標簽···············································································································56
3.4.1 標簽組成及工作原理·························································································56
3.4.2 標簽的分類······································································································57
3.4.3 雙頻標簽和雙頻系統·························································································62
3.4.4 標簽的發展趨勢·······························································································63
3.5 RFID 與其他技術的融合·························································································64
3.5.1 RFID 與智能傳感器技術····················································································64
3.5.2 RFID 與近距離無線通信技術·············································································65
3.5.3 RFID 與移動通信技術·······················································································65
3.6 RFID 應用···············································································································66
3.6.1 供應鏈和零售業·······························································································66
3.6.2 醫療保健和醫院·······························································································68
3.6.3 交通運輸·········································································································70
3.6.4 制造業············································································································71
3.6.5 跟蹤················································································································71
3.6.6 其他應用·········································································································72
3.6.7 雙頻RFID 系統的應用······················································································74
第4 章 傳感檢測技術·········································································································75
4.1 傳感器基礎知識······································································································75
4.1.1 傳感器的定義和組成·························································································75
4.1.2 傳感器分類······································································································76
4.1.3 傳感器的基本特性····························································································77
4.2 傳感器的誤差及分析······························································································79
4.3 常用傳感器介紹······································································································80
4.3.1 電阻式、電感式和電容式傳感器·········································································80
4.3.2 熱電式傳感器和光電式傳感器············································································86
4.3.3 壓電式傳感器和磁電式傳感器············································································93
4.3.4 霍爾式傳感器和超聲波傳感器············································································97
4.3.5 紅外傳感器和光纖傳感器················································································101
4.3.6 氣敏傳感器和濕敏傳感器················································································104
4.4 無線傳感器網絡····································································································107
4.4.1 傳感器網絡應用·····························································································108
4.4.2 影響傳感器網絡設計的因素············································································.111
4.4.3 傳感器網絡通信體系結構················································································116
第5 章 無線定位技術·······································································································122
5.1 無線定位電波信號································································································122
5.2 無線信號傳播環境與無線定位通信技術······························································123
5.2.1 無線信號傳播環境··························································································123
5.2.2 無線定位通信技術··························································································125
5.3 基本參數估計方法································································································129
5.3.1 到達時間測距·································································································129
5.3.2 到達時間差測距·····························································································130
5.3.3 接收信號強度測距··························································································130
5.3.4 波達角測向····································································································132
5.4 距離測量優化········································································································133
5.4.1 距離測量數據預處理·······················································································133
5.4.2 距離測量優化算法··························································································136
5.5 位置估計方法········································································································138
5.5.1 測距定位方法·································································································138
5.5.2 非測距定位方法·····························································································141
5.5.3 擴展的位置估計方法·······················································································145
5.6 典型的無線定位系統····························································································147
5.6.1 GNSS ············································································································147
5.6.2 蜂窩基站定位系統··························································································150
5.6.3 5G 時代的定位技術·························································································154
第6 章 智慧物流系統·······································································································157
6.1 智慧物流的概念····································································································157
6.2 智慧物流的基本功能····························································································159
6.3 智慧物流的特點····································································································160
6.3.1 業務數據化····································································································161
6.3.2 業務數據化與數據業務化的協同演進································································161
6.3.3 深度高效協同·································································································162
6.3.4 高效執行·······································································································162
6.4 智慧物流支撐技術································································································162
6.4.1 物聯網··········································································································162
6.4.2 雲計算··········································································································164
6.4.3 大數據··········································································································165
6.4.4 人工智能·······································································································165
6.5 智慧物流···············································································································166
6.5.1 智慧運輸·······································································································166
6.5.2 智慧倉儲·······································································································167
6.5.3 智慧裝卸·······································································································169
6.5.4 智慧搬運·······································································································170
6.5.5 智慧包裝·······································································································170
6.5.6 智慧配送加工·································································································171
6.5.7 智慧配送·······································································································172
6.5.8 智慧信息處理·································································································173
6.6 未來智慧物流的發展趨勢·····················································································174
參考文獻······························································································································175