機械制圖

緒論 ···················································································································.1
0.1 工程圖樣的內容及其作用·········································································.1
0.2 本課程的研究對象及學習本課程的目的·······················································.2
0.3 本課程的主要任務··················································································.2
0.4 本課程的學習方法··················································································.2
項目 1 手柄 ·······································································································.4
任務 1.1 抄畫圓柱銷零件圖···············································································.4
1.1.1 繪圖儀器及工具使用 ·········································································.5
1.1.2 機械制圖國家標準的一般規定······························································.7
1.1.3 任務實施 ······················································································.16
任務 1.2 繪制手柄平面圖形·············································································.18
1.2.1 等分 ····························································································.18
1.2.2 斜度和錐度 ···················································································.19
1.2.3 圓弧連接 ······················································································.21
1.2.4 平面圖形的繪制方法 ·······································································.23
1.2.5 徒手畫圖方法 ················································································.25
項目 2 簡單零件·······························································································.27
任務 2.1 繪制物體三視圖················································································.28
2.1.1 投影法概述 ···················································································.28
2.1.2 物體的三視圖 ················································································.30
2.1.3 任務實施 ······················································································.34
任務 2.2 繪制螺母坯三視圖·············································································.34
2.2.1 平面立體 ······················································································.35
2.2.2 回轉體零件 ···················································································.46
2.2.3 任務實施 ······················································································.57
任務 2.3 繪制三通管接頭三視圖·······································································.58
2.3.1 相貫體零件 ···················································································.58
2.3.2 任務實施 ······················································································.62
任務 2.4 讀十字接頭零件圖·············································································.62
2.4.1 零件表面結構參數 ··········································································.63
2.4.2 尺寸公差 ······················································································.69
2.4.3 任務實施 ······················································································.72
項目 3 組合體 ··································································································.74
任務 3.1 繪制軸承座三視圖·············································································.74
3.1.1 組合體 ·························································································.75
3.1.2 任務實施 ······················································································.78
任務 3.2 標註軸承座 1 的尺寸·········································································.80
3.2.1 標註尺寸的基本要求 ·······································································.80
3.2.2 組合體尺寸標註步驟 ·······································································.81
3.2.3 常見形體的尺寸標註 ·······································································.81
3.2.4 任務實施 ······················································································.83
任務 3.3 識讀軸承座 3 的三視圖·······································································.85
3.3.1 讀圖的基本步驟 ·············································································.86
3.3.2 讀組合體視圖的方法和步驟·······························································.87
任務 3.4 繪制軸承座的軸測圖··········································································.88
3.4.1 軸測圖的基本概念 ··········································································.89
3.4.2 正等軸測圖 ···················································································.90
3.4.3 斜二軸測圖 ···················································································.95
3.4.4 任務實施 ······················································································.96
項目 4 典型零件·······························································································.97
任務 4.1 繪制軸套類零件的零件圖····································································.99
4.1.1 剖視圖的概念和畫法 ······································································.100
4.1.2 剖視圖的種類 ···············································································.104
4.1.3 幾何公差 ·····················································································.108
4.1.4 幾何公差的標註方法及其含義···························································.110
4.1.5 繪制套筒零件圖 ············································································.111
4.1.6 零件視圖的選擇方法 ······································································.113
4.1.7 斷面圖 ························································································.115
4.1.8 局部放大圖 ··················································································.119
4.1.9 軸套類零件的視圖表達····································································.120
4.1.10 從動軸表達方案···········································································.122
4.1.11 軸套類零件的尺寸標註與技術要求 ···················································.123
4.1.12 軸類零件的常見結構·····································································.126
4.1.13 分析軸的表達方案········································································.128
任務 4.2 繪制盤蓋類零件的零件圖···································································.129
4.2.1 單一剖切面 ··················································································.129
4.2.2 幾個平行平面的剖切平面·································································.131
4.2.3 幾個相交的剖切面 ·········································································.132
4.2.4 復合剖切面 ··················································································.133
4.2.5 剖視圖的規定畫法 ·········································································.134
4.2.6 視圖的簡化畫法 ············································································.135
4.2.7 任務實施 ·····················································································.139
任務 4.3 繪制箱殼類零件圖············································································.141
4.3.1 基本視圖 ·····················································································.142
4.3.2 向視圖 ························································································.143
4.3.3 局部視圖 ·····················································································.143
4.3.4 斜視圖 ························································································.146
4.3.5 箱殼類零件的視圖表達····································································.147
4.3.6 箱殼類零件的尺寸及技術要求···························································.150
4.3.7 箱殼類零件上常見小孔的標註···························································.151
4.3.8 鑄造工藝結構 ···············································································.152
4.3.9 任務實施 ·····················································································.154
任務 4.4 叉架類零件的表達方法······································································.157
4.4.1 叉架零件的視圖表達特點·································································.157
4.4.2 任務實施 ·····················································································.157
4.4.3 讀撥叉零件圖 ···············································································.158
任務 4.5 測繪端蓋零件圖···············································································.160
4.5.1 分析零件、繪制零件草圖·································································.161
4.5.2 畫正圖 ························································································.162
4.5.3 零件測繪時的註意事項····································································.163
4.5.4 測量工具的使用方法 ······································································.163
項目 5 直齒圓柱齒輪減速器 ··············································································.166
任務 5.1 繪制螺紋連接圖···············································································.167
5.1.1 螺紋的形成 ··················································································.168
5.1.2 螺紋的要素 ··················································································.169
5.1.3 螺紋的種類及標註 ·········································································.170
5.1.4 螺紋連接的畫法 ············································································.173
5.1.5 常用螺紋緊固件的種類····································································.175
5.1.6 螺紋緊固件的規定標記····································································.175
5.1.7 常用螺紋緊固件連接的畫法······························································.176
任務 5.2 繪制直齒圓柱齒輪工作圖···································································.180
5.2.1 圓柱齒輪 ·····················································································.180
5.2.2 任務實施 ·····················································································.183
任務 5.3 繪制鍵連接圖··················································································.184
5.3.1 鍵的作用和種類 ············································································.184
5.3.2 平鍵連接 ·····················································································.185
任務 5.4 繪制銷連接圖··················································································.188
5.4.1 銷的種類及作用 ············································································.188
5.4.2 銷連接畫法及標記 ·········································································.188
5.4.3 任務實施 ·····················································································.189
任務 5.5 繪制滾動軸承圖···············································································.190
5.5.1 滾動軸承的結構和類型····································································.190
5.5.2 滾動軸承的代號（GB/T 272—1993）··················································.191
5.5.3 滾動軸承的畫法 ············································································.192
任務 5.6 彈簧······························································································.195
5.6.1 彈簧的作用和種類 ·········································································.195
5.6.2 圓柱螺旋壓縮彈簧的基本尺寸···························································.195
5.6.3 圓柱螺旋壓縮彈簧的規定畫法···························································.196
項目 6 千斤頂和滑動軸承··················································································.198
任務 6.1 繪制千斤頂裝配圖············································································.199
6.1.1 裝配圖的作用 ···············································································.200
6.1.2 裝配圖的內容 ···············································································.200
6.1.3 裝配圖表達方案的選擇····································································.200
6.1.4 裝配圖的規定畫法 ·········································································.201
6.1.5 裝配圖的特殊表達方法····································································.202
6.1.6 裝配圖中的零部件序號和明細欄及技術要求·········································.205
6.1.7 繪制裝配圖的方法和步驟·································································.206
6.1.8 千斤頂裝配圖的表達方案·································································.206
6.1.9 任務實施 ·····················································································.207
任務 6.2 繪制滑動軸承裝配圖·········································································.208
6.2.1 分析滑動軸承結構 ·········································································.209
6.2.2 確定表達方案 ···············································································.209
6.2.3 任務實施 ·····················································································.210
項目 7 球閥 ····································································································.212
任務 7.1 球閥裝配圖的尺寸標註······································································.213
7.1.1 裝配圖的尺寸標註 ·········································································.213
7.1.2 配合的基本概念 ············································································.214
7.1.3 尺寸公差的識讀與查表····································································.218
任務 7.2 球閥部件的測繪···············································································.219
7.2.1 裝配工藝結構 ···············································································.219
7.2.2 部件測繪 ·····················································································.222
項目 8 機用虎鉗······························································································.230
任務 8.1 讀機用虎鉗裝配圖············································································.230
8.1.1 讀裝配圖的要求 ············································································.231
8.1.2 讀裝配圖的方法和步驟····································································.231
任務 8.2 由機用虎鉗裝配圖拆畫零件圖·····························································.233
8.2.1 拆畫零件圖的要求 ·········································································.233
8.2.2 拆畫零件圖的步驟和註意事項···························································.233
8.2.3 拆畫螺桿、螺母零件圖····································································.235
項目 9 機械圖樣識讀訓練··················································································.236
任務 9.1 讀泵蓋零件圖··················································································.236
任務 9.2 讀支架零件圖··················································································.238
任務 9.3 讀銑刀頭裝配圖···············································································.239
任務 9.4 讀齒輪泵裝配圖···············································································.241
附錄 A ·············································································································.245