Linux系統管理（CentOS 9版）

第 1 章　Linux 操作系統入門 ·······························································································.1
1.1 Linux 操作系統介紹 ···························································································.1
1.1.1　什麼是操作系統 ······················································································.1
1.1.2　操作系統的核心功能 ················································································.2
1.1.3　常見的操作系統 ······················································································.3
1.1.4 Linux 的起源與發展··················································································.3
1.1.5 Linux 的體系結構 ····················································································.5
1.1.6 Linux 的應用場景·····················································································.7
1.1.7　實訓任務 1-1——Linux 操作系統介紹 ···························································.8
1.2　安裝 CentOS Stream 9 操作系統·············································································.9
1.2.1 CentOS Stream 9 操作系統介紹····································································.9
1.2.2 CentOS Stream 9 操作系統安裝準備 ·····························································.9
1.2.3　安裝 CentOS Stream 9················································································10
1.2.4　自定義安裝 CentOS Stream 9（拓展） ···························································16
1.2.5　實訓任務 1-2——安裝和使用 Linux 操作系統 ·················································19
1.3　開始使用 CentOS Stream 9 操作系統·······································································19
1.3.1　圖形化操作系統 Linux···············································································19
1.3.2　實訓任務 1-3——圖形化操作系統 Linux ·······················································25
1.3.3　實訓任務 1-4——課後項目實戰 ··································································25
附： 第 1 章實訓總評分 ·····························································································26
第 2 章　命令行基礎操作 ··································································································.27
2.1 Linux 命令行 ····································································································27
2.1.1 Bash Shell·······························································································27
2.1.2 Bash Shell 命令格式··················································································29
2.1.3　實訓任務 2-1——Linux 命令行操作 ·····························································29
2.2　執行簡單的 Shell 命令 ························································································30
2.2.1　查看系統日期和時間 ················································································30
2.2.2　電源管理 ·······························································································30
2.2.3　主機名管理 ····························································································30
2.2.4　查看系統 IP 地址 ·····················································································31
2.2.5　查看系統內核版本和發行版本 ····································································31
2.2.6　清屏 ·····································································································32·VI·
Linux 系統管理（CentOS 9 版）　
2.2.7　實訓任務 2-2——執行簡單的 Shell 命令 ························································32
2.2.8　實訓任務 2-3——動手操作簡單的 Shell 命令 ·················································32
2.3　實訓任務 2-4——課後項目實戰 ············································································34
附： 第 2 章實訓總評分 ·····························································································35
第 3 章　命令行管理文件 ··································································································.36
3.1 Linux 文件系統層次結構 ·····················································································36
3.1.1 Linux 目錄結構························································································36
3.1.2　通過路徑定位文件 ···················································································38
3.1.3　實訓任務 3-1——Linux 文件系統層次結構 ····················································39
3.2　利用 Linux 命令行管理文件··················································································39
3.2.1 Linux 導航路徑命令 ·················································································39
3.2.2 Linux 操作文件目錄命令 ···········································································41
3.2.3 Linux 查看文件內容命令 ···········································································43
3.2.4　實訓任務 3-2——使用命令行操作文件和目錄 ················································45
3.3 Linux 獲取命令行幫助 ························································································47
3.3.1　獲取命令行幫助 ·····················································································47
3.3.2　用 help 獲取命令行幫助 ···········································································47
3.3.3　用 man 獲取命令行幫助 ···········································································48
3.3.4　實訓任務 3-3——獲取命令行幫助 ·······························································49
3.4　本章拓展 ·········································································································49
3.4.1　創建鏈接文件 ·························································································49
3.4.2 Bash Shell 操作技巧··················································································51
3.4.3　實訓任務 3-4——鏈接文件和 Shell 操作技巧訓練 ············································52
3.5　實訓任務 3-5——課後項目實戰·············································································52
附： 第 3 章實訓總評分 ·····························································································55
第 4 章　創建和編輯文本文件 ····························································································.56
4.1　重定向和管道命令符 ··························································································56
4.1.1　描述 Shell 的輸入和輸出 ···········································································56
4.1.2　將輸出重定向到文件 ················································································57
4.1.3　構建管道 ·······························································································59
4.1.4　構建三通 ·······························································································60
4.1.5　實訓任務 4-1——重定向和管道命令符 ·························································60
4.2 vim 編輯器 ······································································································63
4.2.1　關於文本編輯器 ······················································································63
4.2.2 vim 編輯器的使用方法 ·············································································63
4.2.3 vim 編輯器使用示例 ·················································································64
4.2.4　實訓任務 4-2——使用 vim 編輯文本文件 ······················································64
4.3　本章拓展 ·········································································································65
4.3.1 vim 的高級編輯技巧 ················································································65
4.3.2　使用 Here Document 命令創建文本文件 ························································69
4.3.3　實訓任務 4-3——vim 的高級編輯技巧 ·························································69
4.4　實訓任務 4-4——課後項目實戰·············································································72
附： 第 4 章實訓總評分 ·····························································································78·VII·
第 5 章　Linux 高級文件操作 ·····························································································.79
5.1　歸檔及壓縮文件 ································································································79
5.1.1　壓縮文件 ·······························································································79
5.1.2 tar 歸檔文件····························································································81
5.1.3　實訓任務 5-1——歸檔及壓縮文件 ·······························································82
5.2　查找文件 ·········································································································84
5.2.1　用 which 命令查找可執行文件·····································································84
5.2.2　用 locate 命令查找文件··············································································84
5.2.3　用 find 命令查找文件 ················································································84
5.2.4　實訓任務 5-2——查找文件 ········································································86
5.3　搜索指定模式的行 ·····························································································87
5.3.1　用 grep 命令搜索指定模式的行 ···································································87
5.3.2　實訓任務 5-3——用 grep 命令過濾文件內容 ··················································88
5.4　本章拓展 ·········································································································89
5.4.1　正則表達式 ····························································································89
5.4.2 grep 命令 + 正則表達式 ············································································90
5.4.3 awk ······································································································91
5.4.4 sed ·······································································································91
5.4.5　實訓任務 5-4——拓展內容實訓 ··································································93
5.5　實訓任務 5-5——課後項目實戰·············································································95
附： 第 5 章實訓總評分 ·····························································································99
第 6 章　管理本地用戶和組 ······························································································100
6.1　用戶和組的概念 ·····························································································.100
6.1.1　用戶和組概述 ······················································································.100
6.1.2　用戶和組相關文件 ················································································.101
6.1.3　實訓任務 6-1——Linux 用戶和組的概念·····················································.103
6.2　用戶和組管理命令 ··························································································.103
6.2.1 useradd——添加用戶賬號 ·······································································.103
6.2.2 passwd——管理用戶密碼 ·······································································.104
6.2.3 usermod——修改用戶賬號屬性 ································································.105
6.2.4 userdel——刪除用戶賬號 ·······································································.106
6.2.5 groupadd——新建組賬號 ········································································.106
6.2.6 groupdel——刪除組賬號 ········································································.106
6.2.7 gpasswd——添加、 刪除組成員 ································································.106
6.2.8　實訓任務 6-2——管理用戶和組 ·······························································.107
6.3　用戶和組賬號查詢 ··························································································.109
6.3.1　id——查看用戶身份標識 ································································.109
6.3.2 users、 w、 who——查看當前登錄到主機的用戶信息 ·····································.109
6.3.3　實訓任務 6-3——用戶和組賬號查詢··························································.110
6.4　獲取 root 權限································································································.110
6.4.1 su——切換用戶身份 ·············································································.111
6.4.2 sudo——用戶提權 ················································································.111
6.4.3　實訓任務 6-4——獲取 root 權限································································.112
6.5　本章拓展 ······································································································.113
6.5.1　用戶密碼策略 ······················································································.113
6.5.2　實訓任務 6-5——用戶密碼策略 ·······························································.115
6.6　實訓任務 6-6——課後項目實戰··········································································.116
附： 第 6 章實訓總評分 ···························································································.119
第 7 章　文件權限 ···········································································································120
7.1　文件權限概述 ································································································.120
7.1.1　了解文件權限 ······················································································.120
7.1.2　實訓任務 7-1——Linux 文件權限的概念 ····················································.121
7.2　文件權限設置 ································································································.122
7.2.1　設置文件權限 ·····················································································.122
7.2.2　實訓任務 7-2——設置文件權限 ·······························································.124
7.3　文件歸屬設置 ································································································.125
7.3.1　設置文件歸屬 ·····················································································.125
7.3.2　實訓任務 7-3——設置文件屬主、 屬組和權限 ·············································.125
7.4　文件默認權限設置 ··························································································.127
7.4.1　設置文件默認權限 ···············································································.127
7.4.2　實訓任務 7-4——設置文件默認權限 ·························································.127
7.5　本章拓展 ······································································································.128
7.5.1　設置特殊權限 ······················································································.128
7.5.2　文件訪問控制列表（ FACL） ···································································.130
7.5.3　實訓任務 7-5——設置文件特殊權限和 FACL（拓展） ··································.131
7.6　實訓任務 7-6——課後項目實戰··········································································.133
附： 第 7 章實訓總評分 ···························································································.136
第 8 章　網絡配置與遠程管理 ···························································································137
8.1　網絡管理 ······································································································.137
8.1.1　網絡管理概述 ······················································································.137
8.1.2　查詢網絡配置 ······················································································.138
8.1.3　實訓任務 8-1——Linux 文件權限概念 ·······················································.141
8.2　使用 nmtui 圖形化工具配置網絡 ········································································.142
8.2.1 nmtui 圖形化工具··················································································.142
8.2.2　網絡配置文件 ······················································································.143
8.2.3　配置主機名和域名解析 ··········································································.144
8.2.4　實訓任務 8-2——使用 nmtui 圖形化工具配置網絡 ········································.145
8.3　遠程管理 Linux ······························································································.147
8.3.1 Linux 遠程管理工具 ··············································································.147
8.3.2　使用 SSH 實現遠程管理 ·········································································.147
8.3.3　實訓任務 8-3——使用 SSH 遠程管理 Linux 主機 ··········································.148
8.4　本章拓展 ······································································································.149
8.4.1　使用 nmcli 命令行工具配置網絡 ······························································.149
8.4.2　實訓任務 8-4——使用 nmcli 命令行工具配置網絡 ········································.152
8.4.3　在 Linux 主機之間復制文件 ···································································.153
8.4.4　在 Windows 系統中利用 SSH 實現遠程管理 ················································.154
8.4.5　在 Windows 系統中利用圖形界面實現遠程管理 ···········································.156
8.4.6　管理華為雲主機 ···················································································.158·IX·
8.4.7　實訓任務 8-5——遠程管理華為雲主機 ······················································.164
8.5　實訓任務 8-6——課後項目實戰··········································································.166
附： 第 8 章實訓總評分 ···························································································.166
第 9 章　管理 Linux 軟件包 ·······························································································167
9.1 Linux 軟件包介紹 ···························································································.167
9.1.1 Linux 軟件包的封裝類型·········································································.167
9.1.2 Linux RPM 軟件包介紹 ··········································································.167
9.1.3　實訓任務 9-1——Linux 軟件包介紹 ··························································.168
9.2　管理 Linux 軟件包 ··························································································.168
9.2.1 RPM 包管理 ························································································.168
9.2.2　實訓任務 9-2——使用 dnf 命令管理 Linux 軟件包 ········································.172
9.3　管理 DNF 倉庫·······························································································.174
9.3.1 DNF 倉庫 ···························································································.174
9.3.2　實訓任務 9-3——管理 DNF 倉庫 ·····························································.178
9.4　實訓任務 9-4——課後項目實戰··········································································.180
附： 第 9 章實訓總評分 ··························································································.183
第 10 章　Linux 存儲管理 ·································································································184
10.1　區分文件系統和設備 ·····················································································.184
10.1.1　存儲設備的概念··················································································.184
10.1.2　查看存儲常用命令···············································································.185
10.1.3　實訓任務 10-1——文件系統和塊設備 ······················································.186
10.2　管理基本存儲操作·························································································.187
10.2.1　磁盤分區 ·························································································.187
10.2.2　分區格式化························································································.189
10.2.3　掛載·································································································.189
10.2.4　實訓任務 10-2——管理 Linux 基本存儲 ····················································.190
10.3　管理交換分區 ······························································································.192
10.3.1　創建交換分區·····················································································.192
10.3.2　實訓任務 10-3——管理 Linux 交換分區 ····················································.193
10.4　管理邏輯卷··································································································.195
10.4.1 Linux 邏輯卷管理（ LVM） 的概念···························································.195
10.4.2　邏輯卷管理························································································.196
10.4.3　擴展邏輯卷 ·······················································································.198
10.4.4　實訓任務 10-4——管理 Linux 邏輯卷 ·······················································.200
10.5　實訓任務 10-5——課後項目實戰·······································································.202
附： 第 10 章實訓總評分 ·························································································.205
第 11 章　Linux 系統管理 ································································································206
11.1　監控和管理 Linux 進程 ··················································································.206
11.1.1　進程狀態和生命周期 ···········································································.206
11.1.2　查看進程 ··························································································.207
11.1.3　控制進程 ···························································································.209
11.1.4　實訓任務 11-1——監控和管理 Linux 進程 ·················································.212
11.2 Linux 計劃任務 ····························································································.214
11.2.1　使用 at 命令創建一次性任務 ··································································.214
11.2.2　使用 crontab 命令創建周期性計劃任務······················································.215
11.2.3　實訓任務 11-2——Linux 計劃任務 ··························································.217
11.3 Linux 時鐘同步 ····························································································.218
11.3.1　設置本地時間和時區 ···········································································.218
11.3.2　設置 NTP 網絡時鐘 ·············································································.218
11.3.3　實訓任務 11-3——Linux 時鐘同步 ··························································.219
11.4　實訓任務 11-4——課後項目實戰·······································································.220
附： 第 11 章實訓總評分 ························································································.221
第 12 章　Shell 腳本編程（拓展） ·····················································································222
12.1　編寫簡單的 Shell 腳本 ···················································································.222
12.1.1　變量·································································································.222
12.1.2 Shell 腳本的概念 ·················································································.224
12.1.3　腳本文件示例·····················································································.225
12.1.4　實訓任務 12-1——編寫簡單的 Shell 腳本 ··················································.225
12.2 Shell 腳本結構控制語句··················································································.227
12.2.1 條件測試操作·····················································································.227
12.2.2 if 語句的結構 ·····················································································.228
12.2.3　使用 for 循環語句················································································.230
12.2.4　使用 while 循環語句·············································································.231
12.2.5　實訓任務 12-2——Shell 腳本結構控制語句················································.232
12.3　實訓任務 12-3——課後項目實戰·······································································.235
附： 第 12 章實訓總評分 ·························································································.237
第 13 章　運行容器（拓展） ·····························································································238
13.1　容器的概念··································································································.238
13.1.1　什麼是容器························································································.238
13.1.2　實訓任務 13-1——容器的概念 ·······························································.240
13.2　部署···········································································································.240
13.2.1　部署容器···························································································.240
13.2.2　實訓任務 13-2——部署容器 ·································································.243
13.3　管理···········································································································.245
13.3.1　管理容器存儲和網絡資源······································································.245
13.3.2　實訓任務 13-3——管理容器存儲和網絡資源 ············································.246
13.4　使用 systemd 命令 ·························································································.248
13.4.1　使用 systemd 命令管理容器 ···································································.248
13.4.2　實訓任務 13-4——使用 systemd 命令管理容器 ··········································.248
13.5　創建容器鏡像 ·····························································································.249
13.5.1　從 ContainerFile 創建容器鏡像································································.249
13.5.2　實訓任務 13-5——從 ContainerFile 創建容器鏡像 ······································.250
13.6　導入與導出鏡像····························································································.252
13.6.1　鏡像的導入與導出 ··············································································.252
13.6.2　實訓任務 13-6——鏡像的導入與導出 ·····················································.252
13.7　實訓任務 13-7——課後項目實戰·······································································.254
附： 第 13 章實訓總評分 ·························································································.254