電工電子技術基礎

項目1 電路分析基礎 ·······················································································.1
任務1.1 認識電路的組成 ·············································································.1
1.1.1 認識簡單實際電路及元器件 ····························································.1
1.1.2 電路及電路模型 ···········································································.2
1.1.3 電路的常見基本元器件 ··································································.3
任務1.2 電路的基本物理量 ··········································································.4
1.2.1 電流 ··························································································.4
1.2.2 電位 ··························································································.5
1.2.3 電壓 ··························································································.5
1.2.4 電動勢 ·······················································································.6
1.2.5 電能和電功率 ··············································································.7
任務1.3 分析簡單電路 ················································································.8
1.3.1 電路的幾種狀態 ···········································································.8
1.3.2 歐姆定律 ···················································································.10
1.3.3 電壓源、電流源及其等效變換 ························································.12
任務1.4 分析復雜電路 ···············································································.14
1.4.1 支路、節點、回路和網孔 ······························································.14
1.4.2 基爾霍夫定律 ·············································································.15
1.4.3 支路電流法 ················································································.16
1.4.4 戴維南定理 ················································································.17
*任務1.5 相關知識擴展 ·············································································.19
技能訓練一 常用電阻、電容、電感元件的檢測和直流電路中電壓、電流的測量 ······.19
項目小結 ··································································································.22
思考與練習 ·······························································································.24
項目2 正弦交流電路 ······················································································.26
任務2.1 認識正弦交流電 ············································································.26
2.1.1 正弦交流電基本概念 ····································································.26
2.1.2 正弦量三要素及正弦量有效值 ························································.27
任務2.2 正弦量的相量表示 ·········································································.28
2.2.1 復數及其表示方法 ·······································································.28
2.2.2 復數的運算 ················································································.29
2.2.3 正弦量的相量表示 ·······································································.30
任務2.3 分析單一參數元件（電阻、電感、電容）正弦交流電路 ·························.31
2.3.1 純電阻正弦交流電路 ····································································.31
2.3.2 純電感正弦交流電路 ····································································.32
2.3.3 純電容正弦交流電路 ····································································.33
任務2.4 分析電阻、電感、電容混聯的正弦電路 ··············································.34
2.4.1 RLC 串聯電路 ·············································································.34
*2.4.2 復阻抗的串聯和並聯 ···································································.36
*任務2.5 相關知識擴展 ·············································································.36
技能訓練二 RLC 串聯交流電路和並聯交流電路 ···············································.37
技能訓練三 熒光燈電路及功率因數的提高 ······················································.39
項目小結 ··································································································.41
思考與練習 ·······························································································.42
項目3 三相交流電路 ······················································································.44
任務3.1 認識三相電源 ···············································································.44
3.1.1 三相交流電動勢的產生 ·································································.45
3.1.2 三相電源的星形（Y）連接 ····························································.46
3.1.3 三相電源的三角形（△）連接 ························································.49
任務3.2 認識三相負載 ···············································································.49
3.2.1 負載的星形連接 ··········································································.51
3.2.2 負載的三角形連接 ·······································································.54
*任務3.3 相關知識擴展 ·············································································.55
技能訓練四 三相對稱負載電路和三相不對稱負載電路 ·······································.55
技能訓練五 三相電路功率的測量 ··································································.58
項目小結 ··································································································.60
思考與練習 ·······························································································.61
項目4 磁路與變壓器 ······················································································.62
任務4.1 認識磁路 ·····················································································.62
4.1.1 磁路的基本物理量及性質 ······························································.62
4.1.2 磁路定律 ···················································································.66
*4.1.3 直流磁路 ··················································································.67
*4.1.4 交流磁路 ··················································································.68
任務4.2 認識變壓器 ··················································································.70
4.2.1 變壓器的用途與分類 ····································································.70
4.2.2 變壓器的基本工作原理及單相變壓器 ···············································.71
*任務4.3 相關知識擴展 ·············································································.74
技能訓練六 測試單相鐵芯變壓器特性 ····························································.75
項目小結 ··································································································.77
思考與練習 ·······························································································.77
項目5 電動機及其控制 ···················································································.79
任務5.1 認識三相異步電動機 ······································································.79
5.1.1 常用電動機的類型 ·······································································.80
5.1.2 三相異步電動機的結構 ·································································.80
5.1.3 三相異步電動機的接線 ·································································.82
任務5.2 理解三相異步電動機的工作原理 ·······················································.83
5.2.1 三相異步電動機的轉動原理 ···························································.84
5.2.2 三相異步電動機的機械特性 ···························································.86
5.2.3 三相異步電動機的銘牌數據 ···························································.88
任務5.3 控制三相異步電動機 ······································································.89
5.3.1 認識常用低壓電器 ·······································································.90
5.3.2 三相異步電動機的啟動控制 ···························································.97
5.3.3 三相異步電動機的調速控制 ·························································.102
5.3.4 三相異步電動機的制動控制 ·························································.104
*5.3.5 電氣控制系統實例 ····································································.104
*任務5.4 相關知識擴展 ···········································································.110
技能訓練七 三相異步電動機的正、反轉控制電路 ···········································.110
項目小結 ································································································.114
思考與練習 ·····························································································.115
項目6 二極管及整流電路 ··············································································.117
任務6.1 認識半導體 ················································································.117
6.1.1 半導體的共價鍵結構 ··································································.118
6.1.2 本征半導體 ··············································································.118
任務6.2 認識PN 結與二極管 ·····································································.119
6.2.1 PN 結的形成 ·············································································.119
6.2.2 PN 結的單向導電性 ····································································.121
6.2.3 二極管的結構及基本特性 ····························································.122
任務6.3 整流電路 ···················································································.125
6.3.1 單相半波整流電路 ·····································································.125
6.3.2 單相橋式整流電路 ·····································································.126
*任務6.4 相關知識擴展 ···········································································.127
項目小結 ································································································.128
思考與練習 ·····························································································.128
項目7 三極管及基本放大電路 ········································································.132
任務7.1 認識三極管 ················································································.132
7.1.1 三極管的結構與分類 ··································································.132
7.1.2 三極管的工作原理 ·····································································.134
7.1.3 三極管的參數和檢測 ··································································.138
任務7.2 分析基本放大電路及其應用 ···························································.140
7.2.1 單管共射基本放大電路 ·······························································.140
7.2.2 分壓式偏置電路 ········································································.147
7.2.3 共集電極放大電路 ·····································································.150
7.2.4 共基極放大電路 ········································································.154
7.2.5 放大電路三種基本接法的特點及用途 ·············································.155
任務7.3 認識電路中的反饋 ·······································································.156
7.3.1 反饋的概念 ··············································································.156
7.3.2 反饋的類型 ··············································································.157
7.3.3 負反饋的作用 ···········································································.158
任務7.4 認識功率放大電路 ·······································································.159
7.4.1 概述 ·······················································································.160
7.4.2 乙類雙電源互補對稱功率放大電路 ················································.161
7.4.3 其他常見功率放大電路 ·······························································.162
*任務7.5 相關知識擴展 ···········································································.164
技能訓練八 三極管好壞、引腳的判別及其典型應用電路 ··································.165
項目小結 ································································································.173
思考與練習 ·····························································································.174
項目8 集成運算放大器 ·················································································.179
任務8.1 認識集成運算放大器 ····································································.179
8.1.1 認識集成運算放大器 ··································································.179
8.1.2 集成運算放大器電路的組成及作用 ················································.180
8.1.3 集成運算放大器的應用條件 ·························································.182
任務8.2 分析基本運算放大電路 ·································································.183
8.2.1 理想集成運算放大器的應用 ·························································.183
8.2.2 理想集成運算放大器的非線性應用 ················································.186
8.2.3 使用集成運算放大器時應該註意的問題 ··········································.188
8.2.4 集成運算放大器應用舉例 ····························································.190
*任務8.3 相關知識擴展 ···········································································.192
技能訓練九 集成運算放大器的基本應用 ·······················································.192
項目小結 ································································································.197
思考與練習 ·····························································································.197
項目9 組合邏輯電路 ····················································································.199
任務9.1 認識基本門電路 ··········································································.199
9.1.1 數字電路概述 ···········································································.199
9.1.2 基本邏輯門電路結構及功能 ·························································.200
9.1.3 復合邏輯門電路結構及功能 ·························································.202
任務9.2 邏輯運算及邏輯電路的化簡 ···························································.204
9.2.1 數制與碼制 ··············································································.205
9.2.2 邏輯函數的表示方法 ··································································.206
9.2.3 基本邏輯運算規則和定律 ····························································.208
9.2.4 邏輯電路的化簡 ········································································.208
任務9.3 分析和設計組合邏輯電路 ······························································.209
9.3.1 組合邏輯電路分析 ·····································································.209
9.3.2 組合邏輯電路設計 ·····································································.210
任務9.4 認識編碼器、譯碼器、加法器 ························································.211
9.4.1 編碼器結構及功能 ·····································································.211
9.4.2 譯碼器結構及功能 ·····································································.213
9.4.3 加法器結構及功能 ·····································································.216
*任務9.5 相關知識擴展 ···········································································.217
技能訓練十 組合邏輯電路的設計與測試 ·······················································.217
項目小結 ································································································.219
思考與練習 ·····························································································.220
項目10 觸發器和時序邏輯電路 ······································································.222
任務10.1 認識觸發器 ··············································································.222
10.1.1 基本RS 觸發器的組成及其工作原理 ·············································.222
10.1.2 可控RS 觸發器的組成及功能 ······················································.224
任務10.2 常見JK、D、T 觸發器 ································································.227
10.2.1 JK 觸發器 ···············································································.227
10.2.2 T 觸發器 ················································································.229
10.2.3 D 觸發器 ················································································.229
任務10.3 認識計數器 ··············································································.230
10.3.1 時序邏輯電路 ··········································································.230
10.3.2 計數器 ···················································································.231
*任務10.4 認識寄存器和存儲器 ·································································.239
10.4.1 寄存器 ···················································································.240
10.4.2 存儲器 ···················································································.242
*任務10.5 相關知識擴展 ··········································································.246
項目小結 ································································································.246
思考與練習 ·····························································································.247
附錄A 三極管的型號及命名方法 ·····································································.249
參考文獻 ·····································································································.250