電子技術基礎

第1 章 直流電路······························································································.1
1.1 電路與電路模型·····················································································.1
1.2 電流、電壓···························································································.1
1.2.1 電流及參考方向···········································································.2
1.2.2 電壓及參考方向···········································································.3
1.3 電功率·································································································.4
1.4 電源····································································································.5
1.4.1 電壓源·······················································································.5
1.4.2 電流源·······················································································.6
1.4.3 受控電源····················································································.6
1.5 歐姆定律與電阻元件···············································································.8
1.5.1 歐姆定律····················································································.8
1.5.2 電阻元件····················································································.9
1.6 基爾霍夫定律························································································.9
1.6.1 電路的節點、支路和回路·······························································10
1.6.2 基爾霍夫電流定律········································································11
1.6.3 基爾霍夫電壓定律········································································12
1.7 簡單的電阻電路·····················································································15
1.7.1 電阻的串聯與分壓········································································15
1.7.2 電阻的並聯與分流········································································16
1.7.3 電阻混聯電路的計算·····································································17
1.7.4 使用軟件進行電路仿真··································································18
1.8 實際電源的兩種模型及等效變換································································22
1.8.1 電壓源與電流源模型·····································································22
1.8.2 電壓源與電流源的等效變換····························································23
1.9 支路電流法···························································································24
1.10 節點電壓法··························································································25
1.11 疊加定理·····························································································27
1.12 等效電源定理·······················································································29
1.12.1 戴維南定理················································································30
1.12.2 諾頓定理···················································································32
第2 章 電路的暫態分析·····················································································34
2.1 電容····································································································34
2.1.1 陶瓷電容····················································································36
2.1.2 電解電容····················································································37
2.2 電感····································································································39
2.3 過渡過程和初始條件···············································································40
2.4 一階電路的零輸入響應············································································41
2.4.1 RC 電路的零輸入響應····································································41
2.4.2 RL 電路的零輸入響應····································································44
2.5 一階電路的零狀態響應············································································46
2.5.1 RC 電路的零狀態響應····································································46
2.5.2 RL 電路的零狀態響應····································································48
2.6 一階電路的全響應··················································································49
第3 章 交流電路······························································································52
3.1 正弦交流電的基本概念············································································52
3.1.1 正弦電壓、電流···········································································52
3.1.2 交流電的有效值···········································································53
3.2 相量法·································································································53
3.2.1 復數··························································································54
3.2.2 正弦量的相量表示法·····································································55
3.2.3 基爾霍夫定律的相量形式·······························································57
3.3 元件參數的相量形式···············································································57
3.3.1 電阻參數的相量形式·····································································57
3.3.2 電感參數的相量形式·····································································58
3.3.3 電容參數的相量形式·····································································59
3.3.4 阻抗與導納·················································································60
3.4 正弦交流電路的分析與計算······································································62
3.4.1 阻抗的串聯和並聯········································································62
3.4.2 交流電路的分析和計算··································································65
3.5 正弦穩態電路的功率···············································································67
3.6 三相交流電路························································································69
3.6.1 三相電源····················································································69
3.6.2 三相交流電路的星形負載·······························································71
第4 章 半導體器件···························································································73
4.1 PN 結···································································································73
4.1.1 矽半導體····················································································73
4.1.2 矽的半導化原理···········································································74
4.1.3 PN 結的形成················································································76
4.1.4 PN 結的特性················································································77
4.2 二極管·································································································80
4.2.1 伏安特性····················································································80
4.2.2 主要參數····················································································81
4.2.3 等效電路及應用···········································································82
4.2.4 穩壓二極管·················································································83
4.2.5 發光二極管·················································································83
4.3 雙極型三極管························································································84
4.3.1 結構和類型·················································································85
4.3.2 信號放大原理··············································································86
4.3.3 特性曲線····················································································88
4.3.4 主要參數····················································································89
4.3.5 溫度對參數的影響········································································91
4.3.6 光敏三極管·················································································92
4.4 場效應晶體管························································································93
4.4.1 絕緣柵場效應晶體管·····································································93
4.4.2 絕緣柵雙極型晶體管·····································································97
4.4.3 高遷移率晶體管···········································································99
4.4.4 FET 生物傳感器········································································.101
4.5 存儲器······························································································.103
4.5.1 鐵電存儲器··············································································.103
4.5.2 阻變存儲器··············································································.104
4.5.3 相變存儲器··············································································.105
第5 章 放大電路基礎·····················································································.107
5.1 放大電路基礎知識···············································································.107
5.1.1 電路結構·················································································.107
5.1.2 性能指標·················································································.108
5.2 共射放大電路分析···············································································.109
5.2.1 靜態直流工作分析·····································································.110
5.2.2 動態交流放大分析·····································································.111
5.3 動態工作等效近似法············································································.112
5.3.1 計算靜態工作點········································································.112
5.3.2 H 參數微變等效模型··································································.113
5.3.3 計算主要性能參數·····································································.116
習題集··········································································································.119