區塊鏈新基建：賦能產業新機遇

目 錄

第1章　區塊鏈新基建

1.1　區塊鏈正在引發新的革命 ···························································2

1.1.1　“信任”正在慢慢地被重視 ·······················································3

1.1.2　區塊鏈與其他行業的關聯性 ·······················································6

1.1.3　為什麼區塊鏈會成為新基建 ·······················································9

1.2　區塊鏈的發展 ············································································11

1.2.1　區塊鏈的誕生 ············································································11

1.2.2　區塊鏈掀起第一波大的浪潮 ······················································12

1.2.3　區塊鏈在數字貨幣中的作用 ······················································13

1.2.4　區塊鏈的“鏈改浪潮” ·····························································14

1.2.5　區塊鏈對社會的意義 ·································································16

1.3 區塊鏈新基建正在拉開序幕 ·····················································17

1.3.1 價值需要回歸 ············································································18

1.3.2 放眼國家和全球 ········································································20

1.3.3 技術拼圖 ····················································································22

1.3.4 數字貨幣 ····················································································24

區塊鏈新基建：賦能產業新機遇 　 VIII

第2章　區塊鏈的概念和科普

2.1 區塊鏈的概念 ············································································29

2.1.1 什麼是區塊鏈 ············································································29

2.1.2　區塊鏈和傳統的技術有什麼區別 ··············································33

2.1.3 區塊鏈的目標是什麼 ·································································34

2.1.4 區塊鏈與大數據、雲計算、AI等其他技術的關系 ···················35

2.1.5 區塊鏈和大眾有什麼關系 ··························································36

2.2 區塊鏈科普 ···············································································37

2.2.1 區塊鏈無法創造新生態 ·····························································38

2.2.2 什麼是“去中心化” ·································································39

2.2.3 區塊鏈上的數據真的無法篡改嗎 ··············································40

2.2.4 區塊鏈和數據庫的區別 ·····························································41

2.2.5　聯盟鏈、公鏈目前發展瓶頸是什麼 ···········································43

2.2.6　區塊鏈中的通證是什麼 ·····························································45

2.2.7　區塊鏈和比特幣的關系 ·····························································46

2.2.8　區塊鏈中的挖礦是什麼 ·····························································47

第3章　通證經濟

3.1　什麼是通證 ···············································································50

3.2　交易通證 ···················································································53

3.3　激勵通證 ···················································································53

3.4　股權通證 ···················································································54

3.5　資產通證 ···················································································56

IX 　目　錄

3.6　確權通證 ···················································································61

3.7　穩定通證 ···················································································63

3.8　通證的意義 ···············································································64

第4章　穩定通證

4.1 穩定通證概述 ············································································68

4.1.1 什麼是穩定通證 ········································································68

4.1.2　穩定通證的意義 ········································································69

4.1.3　穩定幣的現狀 ············································································70

4.2　穩定通證如何“穩定” ·····························································72

4.2.1　國家貨幣抵押型 ········································································72

4.2.2　“去中心化”和“中心化” ······················································75

4.2.3　數字貨幣抵押型 ········································································77

4.2.4　資產抵押型 ················································································82

4.2.5　混合抵押型 ················································································83

4.3　預言機 ·······················································································84

4.3.1　預言機是什麼 ············································································84

4.3.2　對於預言機的誤解 ·····································································85

4.3.3　預言機的類型 ············································································86

4.3.4　預言機面臨的問題 ·····································································87

4.3.5　預言機案例 ················································································89

第5章　數字活動和電子支付

5.1　DC/EP ·······················································································98

5.1.1　DC/EP是什麼 ············································································98

5.1.2　DC/EP帶來的思考 ··································································102

5.1.3　關於DC/EP未來發展的猜想 ··················································103

5.2　詳解DC/EP的各個屬性 ·························································107

5.2.1　DC/EP和區塊鏈技術的關系 ···················································107

5.2.2　DC/EP的無限法償性是什麼 ···················································108

5.2.3　DC/EP為何可以無網支付 ·······················································109

5.2.4　DC/EP的匿名性 ······································································111

5.2.5　DC/EP和微信以及支付寶的關系是什麼 ·································111

第6章　區塊鏈人才教育和培養

6.1　區塊鏈的特殊性 ······································································116

6.1.1　技術和思想 ··············································································116

6.1.2　區塊鏈全景 ··············································································119

6.2　區塊鏈人才教育 ······································································120

6.2.1　工信部區塊鏈人才教育 ···························································121

6.2.2　人社部區塊鏈新崗位 ·······························································122

6.2.3　教育部區塊鏈1+X教育 ··························································122

6.2.4　人才先行還是產業先行 ···························································123

6.3　區塊鏈人才 ·············································································124

6.3.1　區塊鏈人才“定義” ·······························································124

6.3.2　企業、社會和高校的需求 ························································126

6.3.3　應該怎麼學習區塊鏈 ·······························································126

6.3.4　應該從事什麼樣的區塊鏈崗位 ················································128

第7章　區塊鏈賦能產業

7.1　區塊鏈建立可信的產業生態 ···················································130

7.2　區塊鏈產業目前面臨的問題 ···················································132

7.3　房屋租賃+區塊鏈 ··································································134

7.4　電子票+區塊鏈 ······································································135

7.5　長租房+區塊鏈 ······································································136

7.6　預付款+區塊鏈 ······································································138

7.7　多平臺積分一體化 ··································································140

7.8　數據共享+區塊鏈 ··································································142

7.9　遊戲+區塊鏈 ·········································································143

7.10　公鏈和聯盟鏈 ········································································144

7.11　總結 ·······················································································146

第8章　區塊鏈的關鍵技術與思考

8.1 區塊鏈的系統架構 ··································································148

8.1.1　比特幣的系統架構 ···································································148

8.1.2　以太坊與智能合約 ···································································150

8.1.3　Hyperledger技術體系 ······························································152

8.1.4　Fisco Bcos技術體系 ································································156

8.1.5　螞蟻鏈技術體系 ······································································159

8.2　智能合約 ·················································································160

8.2.1　智能合約的概念 ······································································161

8.2.2　以太坊與Solidity語言概述 ·····················································164

8.2.3　EVM與智能合約應用 ·····························································166

8.2.4　智能合約的實際應用場景 ························································169

8.3　共識算法 ·················································································171

8.3.1　共識算法—構築區塊鏈信任的基石 ·····································171

8.3.2　PoW（工作量證明） ·······························································173

8.3.3　PoS（權益證明） ····································································174

8.3.4　DPoS（委托權益證明） ··························································177

8.3.5　PBFT（實用拜占庭容錯算法）···············································179

8.3.6　Raft算法 ··················································································180

8.4　區塊鏈的技術思考 ··································································183

8.4.1　溯源 ·························································································184

8.4.2　可信 ·························································································185

8.4.3　防篡改 ·····················································································187

8.4.4 跨信任主體的信息傳遞性 ························································189

8.4.5 分佈式賬本 ··············································································191

第9章　基於區塊鏈的未來虛擬世界

9.1　Metaverse（元宇宙）未來的可能性 ···············································196

9.2　區塊鏈支撐的虛擬物品 ···························································198

9.2.1　資產的所有權 ··········································································198

9.2.2　資產的流動性 ··········································································199

9.2.3　知識產權的互通性 ···································································200

9.2.4　透明的遊戲規則 ······································································200

9.2.5　虛擬內容產生激勵 ···································································201

9.2.6　玩家參與，玩家治理 ·······························································201

9.2.7　區塊鏈上的盲盒經濟 ·······························································202

9.3　區塊鏈市場分析和遊戲類型 ···················································203

9.3.1　市場分析 ··················································································203

9.3.2　用戶畫像 ··················································································204

9.3.3　區塊鏈遊戲類型 ······································································206

9.3.4　區塊鏈上的博彩產業 ·······························································207

9.4　NFT是不是一個泡沫 ······························································208

9.5　支撐虛擬世界的區塊鏈的不可能三角問題 ·····························209

9.5.1　安全性（Security） ·································································209

9.5.2　可拓展性（Scalability） ··························································210

9.5.3　去中心化（Decentralization） ·················································211

9.5.4　下一代區塊鏈 ··········································································212

9.6　結語·························································································213