區塊鏈：技術原理與應用實踐

目錄

第一章 區塊鏈的發展歷史

1.1 區塊鏈的史前時代 ·······································································2

1.1.1 密碼朋克組織 ··············································································2

1.1.2 經濟危機與比特幣誕生前夜 ····························································4

1.2 公有鏈浪潮 ···············································································6

1.2.1 比特幣誕生後的歷程 ·····································································6

1.2.2 暗網與競爭幣 ·············································································10

1.2.3 DPoS機制和以太坊 ·····································································15

1.3 神秘極客—中本聰 ··································································19

第二章 區塊鏈的基本概念

2.1 區塊鏈的概念及原理 ··································································24

2.1.1 數字資產不等於貨幣 ····································································24

2.1.2 不同的賬本我們應該聽誰的 ···························································25

2.1.3 賬本所有權問題 ··········································································28

2.1.4 為什麼記賬 ················································································29

2.1.5 記賬的千年演變史 ·······································································31

2.1.6 區塊高度和記賬本 ·······································································33

區塊鏈：技術原理與應用實踐

IV

2.1.7 區塊鏈資產錢包 ··········································································35

2.1.8 共識，人類協作的新方式 ······························································38

2.1.9 博弈論：區塊鏈共識的理論基礎 ·····················································40

2.1.10 為什麼在區塊鏈世界裏達成共識那麼難 ···········································42

2.2 智能合約 ················································································46

2.2.1 智能合約的起源 ··········································································46

2.2.2 智能合約的誕生 ··········································································48

2.3 區塊鏈的“三觀” ·····································································49

2.3.1 區塊鏈的世界觀：為解決信任問題而生 ·············································49

2.3.2 區塊鏈的歷史觀：數字文明的新篇章 ················································51

2.3.3 區塊鏈的價值觀：科技向善 ···························································52

2.4 去中心化 ················································································54

2.4.1 去中心化並非去掉中心 ·································································54

2.4.2 去中心化世界要怎麼解決安全問題···················································56

2.4.3 監管與去中心化是否有沖突，兩者能否共存 ·······································58

2.5 密碼學 ···················································································61

2.5.1 密碼學去魅：我們為什麼要從俚語開始講起 ·······································61

2.5.2 密碼學的發展史 ··········································································65

2.5.3 RSA加密：區塊鏈為什麼絕對安全 ··················································68

2.5.4 概率論：數學讓密碼學進化 ···························································71

2.5.5 維吉尼亞密碼：沒有人想用的強悍加密法 ··········································74

2.5.6 《密碼法》的頒布對區塊鏈行業會帶來哪些影響 ·································77

第三章 區塊鏈技術與應用

3.1 區塊鏈技術 ·············································································81

3.1.1 分佈式自治組織 ··········································································81

3.1.2 零知識證明：虛擬的可信第三方 ·····················································83

3.1.3 隔離見證 ···················································································87

3.1.4 區塊鏈預言機 ·············································································91

目　錄

V

3.1.5 分叉：性格不合也能理直氣壯地分開 ················································94

3.1.6 安全多方計算：對區塊鏈至關重要···················································96

3.1.7 知識圖譜：工業因特網一定要用到它 ················································99

3.1.8 IPFS：區塊鏈不可能三角的可能解 ················································101

3.1.9 數字孿生技術：在虛擬與現實之間·················································104

3.1.10 DIKW模型：數據要素的特徵和價值 ············································106

3.1.11 閃電網絡：改變加密消息傳遞方式 ···············································110

3.1.12 區塊鏈和同態加密技術：數據安全的“防彈衣” ······························113

3.1.13 門限簽名：資產安全技術的新方向 ···············································115

3.1.14 分片技術 ···············································································118

3.1.15 側鏈：區塊鏈擴容 ···································································122

3.1.16 數字簽名與數字證書 ·································································125

3.2 區塊鏈應用 ············································································129

3.2.1 區塊鏈可以解決什麼樣的問題 ······················································130

3.2.2 區塊鏈應該做什麼 ·····································································132

3.2.3 數字賬戶如何重塑賬戶體系 ·························································136

3.2.4 區塊鏈+人工智能：改變商業的格局 ·············································138

3.2.5 區塊鏈+智慧城市，如何打造鏈上可信城市 ·····································141

3.2.6 區塊鏈在知識產權領域的實際作用·················································144

3.2.7 區塊鏈帶來金融服務下沈與疊代 ···················································147

3.2.8 區塊鏈技術正在構建新的經濟體 ···················································150

3.2.9 區塊鏈對支付系統的影響（一）：法定貨幣的Token化 ······················153

3.2.10 區塊鏈對支付系統的影響（二）：穩定幣和央行數字貨幣之間的區別 ···157

3.2.11 工業因特網的底層技術：基於區塊鏈分佈式治理架構 ························163

3.2.12 區塊鏈商業化的推動力：跨鏈技術如何拓寬區塊鏈的實用性 ···············165

3.2.13 新基建技術核心：區塊鏈與隱私計算 ············································168

3.2.14 數字身份與區塊鏈結合，如何實現多重身份的交叉管理 ·····················170

3.2.15 區塊鏈和分佈式存儲設施結合：如何構建新一代的數據基礎設施 ·········176

區塊鏈：技術原理與應用實踐

第四章 關於區塊鏈的20個問題

4.1 DCEP：央行數字貨幣到底會帶來什麼 ···········································181

4.2 為什麼說數字人民幣是M0 ·························································183

4.3 加密資產背後的價值到底是什麼 ··················································188

4.4 加密資產和遊戲幣有什麼不同 ·····················································190

4.5 加密經濟學的未來在哪 ······························································192

4.6 我的數據為什麼我自己做不了主 ··················································194

4.7 讓全世界都感到害怕：紮克伯格和他的Libra憑什麼 ·························196

4.8 都是應用，App和DApp之間有什麼區別 ·······································199

4.9 通證經濟在什麼地方行得通 ························································201

4.10 從身份到契約，什麼是價值交換的基礎 ········································204

4.11 萬物皆可上鏈嗎 ·····································································209

4.12 如何看待區塊鏈的生產關系轉變 ·················································211

4.13 隨機數對區塊鏈的重要影響有哪些 ··············································216

4.14 機器間的大規模協作，需要區塊鏈做什麼 ·····································219

4.15 如何理解價值因特網的DAO去中心化治理 ···································222

4.16 區塊鏈如何成為大規模價值結算協議 ···········································226

4.17 如何從2008年美國次貸危機看DeFi的發展以及行業走向 ················231

4.18 DeFi構建的去中心化貨幣市場是什麼 ··········································237

4.19 為什麼NFT能震動藝品市場 ·····················································239

4.20 Web 3.0，區塊鏈賦能以後會有什麼新機遇 ····································243

附錄 全球化2.0是在分佈式經濟狀態下進行的