工業自動化從入門到入行：基於傳感器、執行器、PLC、HMI 和 SCADA
[美]Olushola Akande （奧盧索拉·阿坎德） 著，馮磊、周慧梅 譯
相關主題
商品描述
作者簡介
目錄大綱
目錄
第一部分 基本概念與技能
第 1 章 工業自動化簡介 ···················· 3
1.1 什麼是工業自動化 ···· 3
1.1.1 固定自動化系統 ······································ 5
1.1.2 可編程自動化系統 ··································· 5
1.1.3 靈活自動化系統 ····································· 6
1.1.4 集成自動化系統 ······································ 6
1.2 理解工業自動化的層級 ······································ 7
1.2.1 現場層 ·········· 8
1.2.2 控制層 ·········· 8
1.2.3 監督和生產層 ········································· 8
1.3 探索工業自動化的優劣勢 ·································· 9
1.3.1 工業自動化的優勢 ·································· 9
1.3.2 工業自動化的劣勢 ·································· 9
1.4 總結 ····················· 10
1.5 習題 ····················· 10
第 2 章 開關和傳感器的工作原理、應用及接線 ·· 11
2.1 開關和傳感器概述 ······ 11
2.2 手動操作開關 ········· 12
2.2.1 按鈕開關 ······ 12
2.2.2 翹板開關 ······ 13
2.2.3 撥動開關 ······ 14
2.2.4 滑動開關 ······ 15
2.2.5 選擇器開關 ··· 15
2.2.6 刀閘開關 ······ 15
2.3 機械操作開關 ········· 15
2.3.1 限位開關 ······ 16
2.3.2 液位開關 ······ 18
2.3.3 壓力開關 ······ 21
2.3.4 溫度開關 ······ 22
2.4 接近傳感器 ············ 24
2.4.1 電容式接近傳感器 ·································· 24
2.4.2 電感式接近傳感器 ·································· 26
2.4.3 光電式接近傳感器 ·································· 27
2.5 總結 ···················· 29
2.6 習題 ····················· 29
第 3 章 執行器及其在工業自動化中的應用 ·······················30
3.1 執行器概述 ············ 30
3.2 電動執行器 ············ 31
3.2.1 直流電機 ······ 32
3.2.2 交流電機 ······ 33
3.2.3 步進電機 ······ 33
3.2.4 伺服電機 ······ 33
3.2.5 電磁閥、電磁繼電器和接觸器 ··················· 34
3.3 氣動執行器 ············ 37
3.3.1 氣動直線執行器 ····································· 38
3.3.2 氣動旋轉執行器 ····································· 39
3.4 液壓執行器 ············ 41
3.5 總結 ····················· 42
3.6 習題 ····················· 42
第 4 章 交流、直流及特種電機概述 ································44
4.1 交流電機 ··············· 45
4.1.1 同步交流電機 ········································ 45
4.1.2 異步交流電機（感應電機） ······················· 46
4.1.3 三相電機星形連接和三角形連接的區別 ······· 48
4.1.4 直接在線啟動器 ····································· 49
4.2 直流電機 ··············· 52
4.2.1 有刷直流電機 ········································ 52
4.2.2 無刷直流電機 ········································ 54
4.3 步進電機和伺服電機 ········································ 54
4.3.1 單極性步進電機 ····································· 55
4.3.2 雙極性步進電機 ····································· 55
4.3.3 如何驅動步進電機 ·································· 55
4.3.4 伺服電機 ······ 57
4.4 總結 ····················· 57
4.5 習題 ····················· 58
第 5 章 變頻器概述 ······················· 59
5.1 變頻器簡介 ············ 59
5.1.1 變頻器的工作原理 ·································· 60
5.1.2 變頻器的優點 ········································ 61
5.1.3 變頻器的缺點 ········································ 62
5.1.4 如何選擇變頻器 ····································· 62
5.2 變頻器接線 ············ 63
5.3 基本的變頻器參數設置 ····································· 65
5.4 使用面板按鍵控制三相電機的啟停和速度 ············ 67
5.5 使用按鈕或開關控制三相電機正轉 / 反轉，並用面板按鍵設置頻率（速度） ··········· 68
5.6 使用按鈕或開關控制三相電機正轉 / 反轉，並用電位器（旋鈕）設置頻率（速度） ···· 69
5.7 總結 ····················· 70
5.8 習題 ····················· 70
第 6 章 使用 CAD 軟件繪制原理圖和接線圖 ·········71
6.1 CAD 軟件系統安裝要求 ···································· 71
6.2 電氣圖解析 ············ 72
6.3 PCSCHEMATIC Automation 軟件概述 ·················· 73
6.4 下載和安裝 PCSCHEMATIC Automation ··············· 74
6.4.1 下載 PCSCHEMATIC Automation ··············· 74
6.4.2 安裝 PCSCHEMATIC Automation ················ 76
6.5 啟動 PCSCHEMATIC Automation 並探索界面元素 ··· 78
6.5.1 啟動應用程序 ········································ 78
6.5.2 探索界面元素 ········································ 78
6.6 在 PCSCHEMATIC Automation 中創建和保存設計方案 ················· 79
6.6.1 創建設計方案 ········································ 79
6.6.2 保存設計方案 ········································ 81
6.7 使用符號、線條、文本、弧 / 圓形和區域工具 ········· 82
6.7.1 使用符號工具 ················ 82
6.7.2 使用線條工具 ·············85
6.7.3 使用文本工具 ················ 87
6.7.4 使用弧 / 圓形工具 ·············· 88
6.7.5 使用區域工具 ··················· 89
6.8 使用 PCSCHEMATIC Automation 繪制直接在線（DOL）啟動器的電源和控制電路原理圖 ····· 90
6.9 總結 ····················· 99
6.10 習題 ··················· 99
第二部分 深入理解 PLC、HMI 和 SCADA
第 7 章 PLC 硬件及接線詳解 ··· 103
7.1 PLC 概述 ············· 104
7.2 PLC 模塊詳解 ······ 104
7.2.1 電源模塊 ···· 104
7.2.2 CPU 模塊 ··· 105
7.2.3 輸入模塊 ···· 105
7.2.4 輸出模塊 ···· 106
7.2.5 其他 PLC 模塊 ················106
7.3 PLC 類型探究 ······· 107
7.3.1 緊湊型 PLC ······················· 107
7.3.2 模塊化 PLC ····················· 107
7.4 PLC 掃描周期解析 ···················· 108
7.5 PLC 主要制造商介紹 ··················108
7.6 PLC 接線實踐（1）——開關、指示燈和執行器的 PLC 接線 ··························· 109
7.7 PLC 接線實踐（2）——接近傳感器（三線制）的接線 ····················114
7.7.1 PNP 傳感器 ··115
7.7.2 NPN 傳感器 ···························115
7.8 PLC 接線實踐（3）——光電式傳感器（反射式）的接線 ································117
7.9 西門子 S7-1200 PLC（CPU 1211C AC/DC/Relay）的接線示例···························118
7.9.1 接線說明 ···· 120
7.9.2 接線操作說明 ······································ 120
7.10 總結 ················· 121
7.11 習題 ················· 121
第 8 章 PLC 軟件概述及 TIA Portal 編程入門 ·································122
8.1 PLC 中的軟件與程序概念 ································ 122
8.2 PLC 編程語言介紹 ········································· 123
8.2.1 梯形圖 ······· 124
8.2.2 功能塊圖 ···· 125
8.2.3 指令列表 ···· 126
8.2.4 結構化文本 ···················· 126
8.2.5 順序功能圖 ···················· 127
8.3 PLC 編程設備介紹 ···················127
8.4 了解不同的 PLC 編程軟件 ··········128
8.5 理解梯形圖的基礎知識 ············· 129
8.5.1 探索梯形圖程序的基本元素 ···················· 131
8.5.2 梯形圖編程規則 ··································· 133
8.6 TIA Portal V13 Professional 和 PLCSIM 的下載與安裝 ··············· 135
8.6.1 下載 TIA Portal V13 和 PLCSIM 的步驟 ····· 135
8.6.2 安裝 TIA Portal V13 ······························ 136
8.6.3 安裝 PLCSIM ····································· 137
8.7 使用西門子 TIA Portal 創建項目並編寫程序 ········· 137
8.7.1 常開觸點 ···· 142
8.7.2 常閉觸點 ···· 143
8.7.3 輸出線圈 ···· 144
8.7.4 通用指令框 ····················· 146
8.7.5 並聯開路 ···· 150
8.7.6 並聯閉路 ···· 151
8.8 總結 ··················· 153
8.9 習題 ··················· 153
第 9 章 TIA Portal 之 PLC 編程深度探索 ··154
9.1 打開已保存的程序 ········································· 155
9.2 使用 Siemens TIA Portal 和 PLCSIM 仿真程序 ······ 157
9.3 PLC 編程中的鎖存和解鎖 ································ 167
9.3.1 使用常開按鈕實現啟動和停止的鎖存和解鎖程序 ································· 167
9.3.2 使用常開按鈕啟動和常閉按鈕停止的鎖存和解鎖程序 ··························· 168
9.4 在程序中將輸出地址用作輸入 ·························· 170
9.5 使用置位輸出和復位輸出指令 ·························· 171
9.5.1 置位輸出：-（S） ·································· 171
9.5.2 復位輸出：-（R） ··············· 172
9.6 使用定時器操作指令 ·············· 173
9.6.1 接通延時定時器 ················ 173
9.6.2 斷開延時定時器 ··············176
9.7 使用計數器操作指令 ············· 176
9.7.1 加計數 ······· 177
9.7.2 減計數 ······· 179
9.8 使用移動操作指令 ···············180
9.9 使用比較操作指令 ·················181
9.10 使用 PLC 進行液位控制 ································ 183
9.11 使用 PLC 的自動灌裝、封蓋和包裝系統 ··········· 186
9.12 總結 ················· 189
9.13 習題 ················· 190
第 10 章 人機界面全面解析 ··············· 191
10.1 人機界面簡介 ····· 192
10.2 探索 HMI 的應用 ······················ 193
10.3 理解 HMI 的編程和開發 ································ 194
10.4 了解 HMI 編程軟件 ······································ 194
10.5 了解主要的 HMI 制造商及其編程軟件 ·············· 194
10.6 PLC 和 HMI 的接口設計 ································ 195
10.6.1 創建項目與添加 PLC ··························· 196
10.6.2 PLC 程序配置 ···································· 198
10.6.3 PLC 程序下載與仿真 ··························· 200
10.6.4 HMI 設備選擇 ···································· 202
10.6.5 HMI 與 PLC 的通信配置 ······················ 205
10.6.6 配置攪拌電機控制 ····························· 218
10.7 將程序下載到 PLC 和 HMI ····························· 228
10.7.1 將程序下載到 PLC ······························ 228
10.7.2 將程序下載到 HMI ······························ 233
10.8 總結 ················· 238
10.9 習題 ················· 238
第 11 章 探索監控與數據采集系統 ······························· 239
11.1 SCADA 系統簡介 ········································· 239
11.2 理解 SCADA 系統的功能 ······························· 240
11.3 SCADA 系統的應用領域 ······························· 241
11.4 SCADA 系統的硬件組成概覽 ························· 241
11.5 SCADA 軟件概述 ········································· 243
11.5.1 mySCADA 簡介 ·································· 243
11.5.2 下載和安裝 mySCADA 軟件 ·················· 244
11.6 使用 mySCADA 軟件將 SCADA 與 S7-1200 PLC 對接 ···························· 249
11.6.1 TIA Portal 編程 ··································· 249
11.6.2 為 PC 分配 IP 地址 ······························ 257
11.6.3 創建 myDESIGNER 項目 ······················ 260
11.6.4 在 myDESIGNER 項目中創建畫面 ·········· 268
11.7 總結 ················· 280
11.8 習題 ················· 280
第三部分 過程控制、工業網絡與智能工廠
第 12 章 過程控制基礎 ································ 285
12.1 過程控制概述 ····· 286
12.2 過程控制術語 ····· 289
12.3 ISA 符號體系 ······ 290
12.4 溫度測量與變送器 ····················· 293
12.5 壓力測量與變送器 ··················· 294
12.6 液位測量與變送器 ···················· 295
12.7 流量測量與變送器 ····················· 296
12.8 理解過程控制回路的原理 ······························ 297
12.9 單回路過程控制的實踐案例 ··························· 298
12.10 用於過程控制的 PLC（西門子 S7-1200）模擬輸入的接線和編程實踐 ············· 300
12.10.1 理解模擬信號 ··································· 300
12.10.2 讀取模擬值 ······································ 302
12.10.3 標準化和比例縮放 ····························· 302
12.10.4 模擬輸入信號處理實際演示 ················· 303
12.11 總結 ················ 331
12.12 習題 ················ 332
第 13 章 工業網絡和通信協議基礎 ······························· 333
13.1 工業網絡概述 ····· 333
13.2 網絡拓撲結構 ····· 334
13.2.1 點對點拓撲 ······································· 334
13.2.2 總線拓撲 ·· 335
13.2.3 星型拓撲 ·· 336
13.2.4 環形拓撲 ·· 336
13.3 網絡媒介——有線和無線（藍牙、Wi-Fi 和蜂窩通信——1G、2G、3G、4G 和 5G） ······························· 337
13.4 網絡連接器和其他網絡組件 ··························· 339
13.5 網絡協議解析 ····· 340
13.5.1 有線網絡協議 ···································· 340
13.5.2 無線網絡協議 ···································· 341
13.6 常見工業網絡協議——Foundation Fieldbus（基金會現場總線） ······················· 341
13.7 常見工業網絡協議——PROFIBUS（過程現場總線） ····································· 343
13.7.1 PROFIBUS DP（分散式外圍設備） ·········· 343
13.7.2 PROFIBUS PA（過程自動化） ················ 344
13.8 常見工業網絡協議——Modbus ························ 345
13.8.1 Modbus RTU 遠程終端單元 ·················· 346
13.8.2 Modbus 傳輸控制協議 / 網際協議（TCP/IP） ······································· 347
13.9 常見工業網絡協議——HART ·························· 348
13.10 常見工業網絡協議——PROFINET ·················· 350
13.11 總結 ················ 352
13.12 習題 ················ 353
第 14 章 5G 驅動的智能工廠（工業 4.0）探索 ······································ 354
14.1 理解工業 4.0 ······· 354
14.2 探索工業 4.0 的關鍵技術 ······························· 355
14.3 工業 4.0 的優勢分析 ····································· 357
14.4 構建智能工廠的基本步驟 ······························ 357
14.5 5G 賦能的智能工廠的優勢 ····························· 358
14.6 PLC 或機器數據雲端連接實踐 ························ 359
14.7 總結 ················· 360
14.8 習題 ················· 361
習題答案 ··········· 362
