數字通信——基礎與應用(原書第3版·中文導讀版)
[美]伯納德·斯克拉(Bernard Sklar) 弗雷德裏克·J.哈裏斯(Fredric J. Harris)著 楊鴻文 選譯
- 出版商: 清華大學
- 出版日期: 2026-04-01
- 售價: $1,008
- 語言: 簡體中文
- ISBN: 7302714150
- ISBN-13: 9787302714156
-
相關分類:
通訊系統 Communication-systems
- 此書翻譯自: Digital Communications: Fundamentals and Applications, 3/e (Hardcover)
下單後立即進貨 (約4週~6週)
商品描述
作者簡介
目錄大綱
目錄
1Signals and Spectra
1.1Digital Communication Signal
Processing
1.1.1Why Digital
1.1.2Typical Block Diagram and Transformations
1.1.3Basic Digital Communication
Nomenclature
1.1.4Digital Versus Analog Performance
Criteria
1.2Classification of Signals
1.2.1Deterministic and Random
Signals
1.2.2Periodic and Nonperiodic Signals
1.2.3Analog and Discrete Signals
1.2.4Energy and Power Signals
1.2.5The Unit Impulse Function
1.3Spectral Density
1.3.1Energy Spectral Density
1.3.2Power Spectral Density
1.4Autocorrelation
1.4.1Autocorrelation of an Energy
Signal
1.4.2Autocorrelation of a Periodic(Power) Signal
1.5Random Signals
1.5.1Random Variables
1.5.2Random Processes
1.5.3Time Averaging and Ergodicity
1.5.4Power Spectral Density and Autocorrelation of a Random Process
1.5.5Noise in Communication
Systems
1.6Signal Transmission Through Linear
Systems
1.6.1Impulse Response
1.6.2Frequency Transfer Function
1.6.3Distortionless Transmission
1.6.4Signals, Circuits,and Spectra
1.7Bandwidth of Digital Data
1.7.1Baseband Versus Bandpass
1.7.2The Bandwidth Dilemma
1.8Conclusion
References
Problems
Questions
2Formatting and Baseband Modulation
2.1Baseband Systems
2.2Formatting Textual Data(Character
Coding)
2.3Messages, Characters,and Symbols
2.3.1Example of Messages,Characters,
and Symbols
2.4Formatting Analog Information
2.4.1The Sampling Theorem
2.4.2Aliasing
2.4.3Why Oversample
2.4.4Signal Interface for a Digital
System
2.5Sources of Corruption
2.5.1Sampling and Quantizing Effects
2.5.2Channel Effects
2.5.3SignaltoNoise Ratio for Quantized
Pulses
2.6Pulse Code Modulation
2.7Uniform and Nonuniform
Quantization
2.7.1Statistics of Speech Amplitudes
2.7.2Nonuniform Quantization
2.7.3Companding Characteristics
2.8Baseband Transmission
2.8.1Waveform Representation of
Binary Digits
2.8.2PCM Waveform Types
2.8.3Spectral Attributes of PCM
Waveforms
2.8.4Bits per PCM Word and Bits
per Symbol
2.8.5Mary PulseModulation
Waveforms
2.9Correlative Coding
2.9.1Duobinary Signaling
2.9.2Duobinary Decoding
2.9.3Precoding
2.9.4Duobinary Equivalent Transfer
Function
2.9.5Comparison of Binary and Duobinary Signaling
2.9.6Polybinary Signaling
2.10Conclusion
References
Problems
Questions
3Baseband Demodulation/Detection
3.1Signals and Noise
3.1.1ErrorPerformance Degradation in Communication Systems
3.1.2Demodulation and Detection
3.1.3A Vectorial View of Signals and
Noise
3.1.4The Basic SNR Parameter for Digital Communication Systems
3.1.5Why Eb/N0 is a Natural Figure
of Merit
3.2Detection of Binary Signals in Gaussian
Noise
3.2.1Maximum Likelihood Receiver
Structure
3.2.2The Matched Filter
3.2.3Correlation Realization of the
Matched Filter
3.2.4Optimizing Error Performance
3.2.5Error Probability Performance of
Binary Signaling
3.3Intersymbol Interference
3.3.1Pulse Shaping to Reduce ISI
3.3.2Two Types of ErrorPerformance Degradation
3.3.3Demodulation/Detection of Shaped
Pulses
3.4Equalization
3.4.1Channel Characterization
3.4.2Eye Pattern
3.4.3Equalizer Filter Types
3.4.4Preset and Adaptive
Equalization
3.4.5Filter Update Rate
3.5Conclusion
References
Problems
Questions
4Bandpass Modulation and Demodulation/Detection
4.1Why Modulate
4.2Digital Bandpass Modulation
Techniques
4.2.1Phasor Representation of a
Sinusoid
4.2.2PhaseShift Keying
4.2.3FrequencyShift Keying
4.2.4Amplitude Shift Keying
4.2.5AmplitudePhase Keying
4.2.6Waveform Amplitude Coefficient
4.3Detection of Signals in Gaussian
Noise
4.3.1Decision Regions
4.3.2Correlation Receiver
4.4Coherent Detection
4.4.1Coherent Detection of PSK
4.4.2Sampled Matched Filter
4.4.3Coherent Detection of Multiple
PhaseShift Keying
4.4.4Coherent Detection of FSK
4.5Noncoherent Detection
4.5.1Detection of Differential PSK
4.5.2Binary Differential PSK
Example
4.5.3Noncoherent Detection of FSK
4.5.4Required Tone Spacing for Noncoherent Orthogonal FSK Signaling
4.6Complex Envelope
4.6.1Quadrature Implementation of a
Modulator
4.6.2D8PSK Modulator Example
4.6.3D8PSK Demodulator Example
4.7Error Performance for Binary
Systems
4.7.1Probability of Bit Error for
Coherently Detected BPSK
4.7.2Probability of Bit Error for Coherently
Detected,Differentially Encoded
Binary PSK
4.7.3Probability of Bit Error for Coherently
Detected Binary Orthogonal FSK
4.7.4Probability of Bit Error for Noncoherently Detected Binary Orthogonal FSK
4.7.5Probability of Bit Error for
Binary DPSK
4.7.6Comparison of BitError Performance
for Various Modulation Types
4.8Mary Signaling and Performance
4.8.1Ideal Probability of BitError
Performance
4.8.2Mary Signaling
4.8.3Vectorial View of MPSK
Signaling
4.8.4BPSK and QPSK Have the Same
BitError Probability
4.8.5Vectorial View of MFSK
Signaling
4.9Symbol Error Performance for Mary
Systems(M>2)
4.9.1Probability of Symbol Error for
MPSK
4.9.2Probability of Symbol Error for
MFSK
4.9.3BitError Probability Versus Symbol Error Probability for Orthogonal
Signals
4.9.4BitError Probability Versus Symbol Error Probability for MultiplePhase Signaling
4.9.5Effects of Intersymbol
Interference
4.10Conclusion
References
Problems
Questions
5Communications Link Analysis
5.1What the System Link Budget Tells the System Engineer
5.2The Channel
5.2.1The Concept of Free Space
5.2.2ErrorPerformance Degradation
5.2.3Sources of Signal Loss and
Noise
5.3Received Signal Power and Noise
Power
5.3.1The Range Equation
5.3.2Received Signal Power as a
Function of Frequency
5.3.3Path Loss is Frequency Dependent
5.3.4Thermal Noise Power
5.4Link Budget Analysis
5.4.1Two Eb/N0 Values of Interest
5.4.2Link Budgets are Typically
Calculated in Decibels
5.4.3How Much Link Margin is
Enough
5.4.4Link Availability
5.5Noise Figure,Noise Temperature,and System Temperature
5.5.1Noise Figure
5.5.2Noise Temperature
5.5.3Line Loss
5.5.4Composite Noise Figure and
Composite Noise Temperature
5.5.5System Effective Temperature
5.5.6Sky Noise Temperature
5.6Sample Link Analysis
5.6.1Link Budget Details
5.6.2Receiver Figure of Merit
5.6.3Received Isotropic Power
5.7Satellite Repeaters
5.7.1Nonregenerative Repeaters
5.7.2Nonlinear Repeater Amplifiers
5.8System TradeOffs
5.9Conclusion
References
Problems
Questions
6Channel Coding: Part 1: Waveform Codes and Block Codes
6.1Waveform Coding and Structured
Sequences
6.1.1Antipodal and Orthogonal
Signals
6.1.2Mary Signaling
6.1.3Waveform Coding
6.1.4WaveformCoding System
Example
6.2Types of Error Control
6.2.1Terminal Connectivity
6.2.2Automatic Repeat Request
6.3Structured Sequences
6.3.1Channel Models
6.3.2Code Rate and Redundancy
6.3.3ParityCheck Codes
6.3.4Why Use ErrorCorrection Coding
6.4Linear Block Codes
6.4.1Vector Spaces
6.4.2Vector Subspaces
6.4.3A(6,3) Linear Block Code
Example
6.4.4Generator Matrix
6.4.5Systematic Linear Block Codes
6.4.6ParityCheck Matrix
6.4.7Syndrome Testing
6.4.8Error Correction
6.4.9Decoder Implementation
6.5ErrorDetecting and ErrorCorrecting Capability
6.5.1Weight and Distance of Binary
Vectors
6.5.2Minimum Distance of a Linear
Code
6.5.3Error Detection and Correction
6.5.4Visualization of a 6Tuple Space
6.5.5Erasure Correction
6.6Usefulness of the Standard Array
6.6.1Estimating Code Capability
6.6.2An (n,k) Example
6.6.3Designing the (8,2) Code
6.6.4Error Detection Versus Error
Correction TradeOffs
6.6.5The Standard Array Provides
Insight
6.7Cyclic Codes
6.7.1Algebraic Structure of Cyclic Codes
6.7.2Binary Cyclic Code Properties
6.7.3Encoding in Systematic Form
6.7.4Circuit for Dividing Polynomials
6.7.5Systematic Encoding with an (n-k)
Stage Shift Register
6.7.6Error Detection with an (n-k)
Stage Shift Register
6.8WellKnown Block Codes
6.8.1Hamming Codes
6.8.2Extended Golay Code
6.8.3BCH Codes
6.9Conclusion
References
Problems
Questions
7Channel Coding: Part 2: Convolutional
Codes and ReedSolomon Codes
7.1Convolutional Encoding
7.2Convolutional Encoder Representation
7.2.1Connection Representation
7.2.2State Representation and the
State Diagram
7.2.3The Tree Diagram
7.2.4The Trellis Diagram
7.3Formulation of the Convolutional
Decoding Problem
7.3.1Maximum Likelihood Decoding
7.3.2Channel Models: Hard Versus
Soft Decisions
7.3.3The Viterbi Convolutional
Decoding Algorithm
7.3.4An Example of Viterbi
Convolutional Decoding
7.3.5Decoder Implementation
7.3.6Path Memory and
Synchronization
7.4Properties of Convolutional Codes
7.4.1Distance Properties of
Convolutional Codes
7.4.2Systematic and Nonsystematic Convolutional Codes
7.4.3Catastrophic Error Propagation in Convolutional Codes
7.4.4Performance Bounds for
Convolutional Codes
7.4.5Coding Gain
7.4.6BestKnown Convolutional Codes
7.4.7Convolutional Code Rate
TradeOff
7.4.8SoftDecision Viterbi Decoding
7.5Other Convolutional Decoding
Algorithms
7.5.1Sequential Decoding
7.5.2Comparisons and Limitations of
Viterbi and Sequential Decoding
7.5.3Feedback Decoding
7.6ReedSolomon Codes
7.6.1ReedSolomon Error Probability
7.6.2Why RS Codes Perform Well
Against Burst Noise
7.6.3RS Performance as a Function of
Size,Redundancy,and Code Rate
7.6.4Finite Fields
7.6.5ReedSolomon Encoding
7.6.6ReedSolomon Decoding
7.7Interleaving and Concatenated Codes
7.7.1Block Interleaving
7.7.2Convolutional Interleaving
7.7.3Concatenated Codes
7.8Coding and Interleaving Applied to the Compact Disc Digital Audio System
7.8.1CIRC Encoding
7.8.2CIRC Decoding
7.8.3Interpolation and Muting
7.9Conclusion
References
Problems
Questions
8Channel Coding: Part 3:Turbo Codes and
LowDensity Parity Check(LDPC) Codes
8.1Turbo Codes
8.1.1Turbo Code Concepts
8.1.2LogLikelihood Algebra
8.1.3Product Code Example
8.1.4Encoding with Recursive
Systematic Codes
8.1.5A Feedback Decoder
8.1.6The MAP Algorithm
8.1.7MAP Decoding Example
8.2LowDensity Parity Check(LDPC)
Codes
8.2.1Background and Overview
8.2.2The ParityCheck Matrix
8.2.3Finding the BestPerforming
Codes
8.2.4Decoding: An Overview
8.2.5Mathematical Foundations
8.2.6Decoding in the Probability Domain
8.2.7Decoding in the Logarithmic Domain
8.2.8ReducedComplexity Decoders
8.2.9LDPC Performance
8.2.10Conclusion
References
Problems
Questions
9Modulation and Coding TradeOffs
9.1Goals of the Communication System
Designer
9.2ErrorProbability Plane
9.3Nyquist Minimum Bandwidth
9.4ShannonHartley Capacity Theorem
9.4.1Shannon Limit
9.4.2Entropy
9.4.3Equivocation and Effective
Transmission Rate
9.5BandwidthEfficiency Plane
9.5.1Bandwidth Efficiency of MPSK and MFSK Modulation
9.5.2Analogies Between the BandwidthEfficiency and ErrorProbability
Planes
9.6Modulation and Coding TradeOffs
9.7Defining, Designing,and Evaluating
Digital Communication Systems
9.7.1Mary Signaling
9.7.2BandwidthLimited Systems
9.7.3PowerLimited Systems
9.7.4Requirements for MPSK and MFSK Signaling
9.7.5BandwidthLimited Uncoded System Example
9.7.6PowerLimited Uncoded System
Example
9.7.7BandwidthLimited and Power
Limited Coded System Example
9.8BandwidthEfficient Modulation
9.8.1QPSK and Offset QPSK Signaling
9.8.2MinimumShift Keying
9.8.3Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
9.9TrellisCoded Modulation
9.9.1The Idea Behind TrellisCoded
Modulation
9.9.2TCM Encoding
9.9.3TCM Decoding
9.9.4Other Trellis Codes
9.9.5TrellisCoded Modulation
Example
9.9.6Multidimensional TrellisCoded
Modulation
9.10Conclusion
References
Problems
Questions
10Synchronization
10.1Receiver Synchronization
10.1.1Why We Must Synchronize
10.1.2Alignment at the Waveform
Level and Bit Stream Level
10.1.3CarrierWave Modulation
10.1.4Carrier Synchronization
10.1.5Symbol Synchronization
10.1.6Eye Diagrams and Constellations
10.2Synchronous Demodulation
10.2.1Minimizing Energy in the
Difference Signal
10.2.2Finding the Peak of the Correlation Function
10.2.3The Basic Analog PhaseLocked
Loop(PLL)
10.2.4PhaseLocking Remote Oscillators
10.2.5Estimating Phase Slope(Frequency)
10.3Loop Filters,Control Circuits,and
Acquisition
10.3.1How Many Loop Filters are
There in a System
10.3.2The Key Loop Filters
10.3.3Why We Want R Times Rdot
10.3.4The Phase Error SCurve
10.4PhaseLocked Loop Timing Recovery
10.4.1Recovering Carrier Timing from a Modulated Waveform
10.4.2Classical Timing Recovery
Architectures
10.4.3TimingError Detection: Insight
from the Correlation Function
10.4.4MaximumLikelihood TimingError Detection
10.4.5Polyphase Matched Filter and
Derivative Matched Filter
10.4.6Approximate ML Timing Recovery
PLL for a 32Path PLL
10.5Frequency Recovery Using a
FrequencyLocked Loop(FLL)
10.5.1BandEdge Filters
10.5.2BandEdge Filter NonDataAided Timing Synchronization
10.6Effects of Phase and Frequency
Offsets
10.6.1Phase Offset and No Spinning:
Effect on Constellation
10.6.2Slow Spinning Effect on
Constellation
10.6.3Fast Spinning Effect on
Constellation
10.7Conclusion
References
Problems
Questions
11Multiplexing and Multiple Access
11.1Allocation of the Communications
Resource
11.1.1FrequencyDivision Multiplexing/Multiple Access
11.1.2TimeDivision Multiplexing/
Multiple Access
11.1.3Communications Resource
Channelization
11.1.4Performance Comparison of
FDMA and TDMA
11.1.5CodeDivision Multiple Access
11.1.6SpaceDivision and Polarization
Division Multiple Access
11.2MultipleAccess Communications
System and Architecture
11.2.1MultipleAccess Information Flow
11.2.2DemandAssignment Multiple
Access
11.3Access Algorithms
11.3.1ALOHA
11.3.2Slotted ALOHA
11.3.3Reservation ALOHA
11.3.4Performance Comparison of
SALOHA and RALOHA
11.3.5Polling Techniques
11.4MultipleAccess Techniques Employed
with INTELSAT
11.4.1Preassigned FDM/FM/FDMA or
MCPC Operation
11.4.2MCPC Modes of Accessing an INTELSAT Satellite
11.4.3SPADE Operation
11.4.4TDMA in INTELSAT
11.4.5SatelliteSwitched TDMA in
INTELSAT
11.5MultipleAccess Techniques for
Local Area Networks
11.5.1CarrierSense MultipleAccess
Networks
11.5.2TokenRing Networks
11.5.3Performance Comparison of CSMA/CD
and TokenRing Networks
11.6Conclusion
References
Problems
Questions
12SpreadSpectrum Techniques
12.1SpreadSpectrum Overview
12.1.1The Beneficial Attributes of
SpreadSpectrum Systems
12.1.2A Catalog of Spreading Techniques
12.1.3Model for DirectSequence Spread
Spectrum Interference Rejection
12.1.4Historical Background
12.2Pseudonoise Sequences
12.2.1Randomness Properties
12.2.2Shift Register Sequences
12.2.3PN Autocorrelation Function
12.3DirectSequence SpreadSpectrum
Systems
12.3.1Example of Direct Sequencing
12.3.2Processing Gain and Performance
12.4FrequencyHopping Systems
12.4.1FrequencyHopping Example
12.4.2Robustness
12.4.3Frequency Hopping with Diversity
12.4.4Fast Hopping Versus Slow Hopping
12.4.5FFH/MFSK Demodulator
12.4.6Processing Gain
12.5Synchronization
12.5.1Acquisition
12.5.2Tracking
12.6Jamming Considerations
12.6.1The Jamming Game
12.6.2Broadband Noise Jamming
12.6.3PartialBand Noise Jamming
12.6.4MultipleTone Jamming
12.6.5Pulse Jamming
12.6.6RepeatBack Jamming
12.6.7BLADES System
12.7Commercial Applications
12.7.1CodeDivision Multiple Access
12.7.2Multipath Channels
12.7.3The FCC Part 15 Rules for
SpreadSpectrum Systems
12.7.4Direct Sequence Versus Frequency Hopping
12.8Cellular Systems
12.8.1DirectSequence CDMA
12.8.2Analog FM Versus TDMA
Versus CDMA
12.8.3InterferenceLimited Versus
DimensionLimited Systems
12.8.4IS95 CDMA Digital Cellular
System
12.9Conclusion
References
Problems
Questions
13Source Coding
13.1Sources
13.1.1Discrete Sources
13.1.2Waveform Sources
13.2Amplitude Quantizing
13.2.1Quantizing Noise
13.2.2Uniform Quantizing
13.2.3Saturation
13.2.4Dithering
13.2.5Nonuniform Quantizing
13.3Pulse Code Modulation
13.3.1Differential Pulse Code Modulation
13.3.2OneTap Prediction
13.3.3NTap Prediction
13.3.4Delta Modulation
13.3.5ΣΔ Modulation
13.3.6ΣΔ AtoD Converter(ADC)
13.3.7ΣΔ DtoA Converter(DAC)
13.4Adaptive Prediction
13.4.1Forward Adaptation
13.4.2Synthesis/Analysis Coding
13.5Block Coding
13.5.1Vector Quantizing
13.6Transform Coding
13.6.1Quantization for Transform
Coding
13.6.2Subband Coding
13.7Source Coding for Digital Data
13.7.1Properties of Codes
13.7.2Huffman Code
13.7.3RunLength Codes
13.8Examples of Source Coding
13.8.1Audio Compression
13.8.2Image Compression
13.9Conclusion
References
Problems
Questions
14Fading Channels
14.1The Challenge of Communicating over Fading Channels
14.2Characterizing MobileRadio
Propagation
14.2.1LargeScale Fading
14.2.2SmallScale Fading
14.3Signal Time Spreading
14.3.1Signal Time Spreading Viewed in
the TimeDelay Domain
14.3.2Signal Time Spreading Viewed in
the Frequency Domain
14.3.3Examples of Flat Fading and FrequencySelective Fading
14.4Time Variance of the Channel
Caused by Motion
14.4.1Time Variance Viewed in the
Time Domain
14.4.2Time Variance Viewed in the
DopplerShift Domain
14.4.3Performance over a Slow and
FlatFading Rayleigh Channel
14.5Mitigating the Degradation Effects
of Fading
14.5.1Mitigation to Combat FrequencySelective Distortion
14.5.2Mitigation to Combat FastFading Distortion
14.5.3Mitigation to Combat Loss in
SNR
14.5.4Diversity Techniques
14.5.5Modulation Types for Fading
Channels
14.5.6The Role of an Interleaver
14.6Summary of the Key Parameters Characterizing Fading Channels
14.6.1FastFading Distortion: Case 1
14.6.2FrequencySelective Fading
Distortion: Case 2
14.6.3FastFading and FrequencySelective Fading Distortion: Case 3
14.7Applications: Mitigating the Effects of FrequencySelective Fading
14.7.1The Viterbi Equalizer as Applied
to GSM
14.7.2The Rake Receiver Applied to DirectSequence SpreadSpectrum(DS/SS) Systems
14.8Conclusion
References
Problems
Questions
15The ABCs of OFDM(Orthogonal FrequencyDivision Multiplexing)
15.1What is OFDM
15.2Why OFDM
15.3Getting Started with OFDM
15.4Our Wish List(Preference for Flat
Fading and Slow Fading)
15.4.1OFDMs Most Important Contribution
to Communications over Multipath
Channels
15.5Conventional MultiChannel FDM
Versus MultiChannel OFDM
15.6The History of the Cyclic Prefix(CP)
15.6.1Examining the Lengthened
Symbol in OFDM
15.6.2The Length of the CP
15.7OFDM System Block Diagram
15.8Zooming in on the IDFT
15.9An Example of OFDM Waveform
Synthesis
15.10Summarizing OFDM Waveform
Synthesis
15.11Data Constellation Points Distributed
over the Subcarrier Indexes
15.11.1Signal Processing in the OFDM
Receiver
15.11.2OFDM SymbolTime Duration
15.11.3Why DC is Not Used as a
Subcarrier in Real Systems
15.12Hermitian Symmetry
15.13How Many Subcarriers are Needed
15.14The Importance of the Cyclic
Prefix(CP) in OFDM
15.14.1Properties of Continuous and
Discrete Fourier Transforms
15.14.2Reconstructing the OFDM
Subcarriers
15.14.3A Property of the Discrete Fourier Transform(DFT)
15.14.4Using Circular Convolution for Reconstructing an OFDM Subcarrier
15.14.5The Trick That Makes Linear Convolution Appear Circular
15.15An Early OFDM Application: WiFi Standard 802.11a
15.15.1Why the Transform Size N Needs
to Be Larger Than the Number of Subcarriers
15.16Cyclic Prefix(CP) and Tone
Spacing
15.17LongTerm Evolution(LTE) Use
of OFDM
15.17.1LTE Resources: Grid,Block,and Element
15.17.2OFDM Frame in LTE
15.18Drawbacks of OFDM
15.18.1Sensitivity to Doppler
15.18.2PeaktoAverage Power Ratio
(PAPR) and SCOFDM
15.18.3Motivation for Reducing
PAPR
15.19SingleCarrier OFDM(SCOFDM) for
Improved PAPR Over Standard OFDM
15.19.1SCOFDM Signals Have Short Mainlobe Durations
15.19.2Is There an Easier Way to
Implement SCOFDM
15.20Conclusion
References
Problems
Questions
16The Magic of MIMO(Multiple Input/
Multiple Output)
16.1What is MIMO
16.1.1MIMO Historical Perspective
16.1.2Vectors and Phasors
16.1.3MIMO Channel Model
16.2Various Benefits of Multiple
Antennas
16.2.1Array Gain
16.2.2Diversity Gain
16.2.3SIMO Receive Diversity
Example
16.2.4MISO Transmit Diversity
Example
16.2.5TwoTime Interval MISO
Diversity Example
16.2.6Coding Gain
16.2.7Visualization of Array Gain,Diversity
Gain,and Coding Gain
16.3Spatial Multiplexing
16.3.1Basic Idea of MIMOSpatial Multiplexing(MIMOSM)
16.3.2Analogy Between MIMOSM
and CDMA
16.3.3When Only the Receiver Has Channel
State Information(CSI)
16.3.4Impact of the Channel Model
16.3.5MIMO and OFDM Form a Natural Coupling
16.4Capacity Performance
16.4.1Deterministic Channel
Modeling
16.4.2Random Channel Models
16.5Transmitter ChannelState
Information(CSI)
16.5.1Optimum Power Distribution
16.6SpaceTime Coding
16.6.1Block Codes in MIMO Systems
16.6.2Trellis Codes in MIMO Systems
16.7MIMO TradeOffs
16.7.1Fundamental TradeOff
16.7.2TradeOff Yielding Greater
Robustness for PAM and QAM
16.7.3TradeOff Yielding Greater
Capacity for PAM and QAM
16.7.4Tools for Trading Off Multiplexing Gain and Diversity Gain
16.8MultiUser MIMO(MUMIMO)
16.8.1What is MUMIMO
16.8.2SUMIMO and MUMIMO
Notation
16.8.3A Real Shift in MIMO
Thinking
16.8.4MUMIMO Capacity
16.8.5SumRate Capacity Comparison for Various Precoding Strategies
16.8.6MUMIMO Versus SUMIMO Performance
16.9Conclusion
References
Problems
Questions
The Following Elements Will be Online Only
17Encryption and Decryption
Appendix AA Review of Fourier Techniques
Appendix BFundamentals of Statistical Decision Theory
Appendix CResponse of a Correlator to White Noise
Appendix DOftenUsed Identities
Appendix EsDomain, zDomain,and Digital Filtering
Appendix FOFDM Symbol Formation with an NPoint Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT)
Appendix GList of Symbols
These online elements can be found at informit.com/ title/9780134588568.
1信號與頻譜1
1.1數字通信信號
處理2
1.1.1為什麼要數字化2
1.1.2典型框圖與
變換3
1.1.3數字通信基本
術語6
1.1.4數字通信與模擬通信的
性能準則8
1.2信號分類8
1.2.1確定信號與隨機
信號8
1.2.2周期信號與非周期信號8
1.2.3模擬信號與離散信號8
1.2.4能量信號與功率信號9
1.2.5單位沖激函數10
1.3譜密度10
1.3.1能量譜密度10
1.3.2功率譜密度11
1.4自相關函數12
1.4.1能量信號的自相關
函數12
1.4.2周期(功率)信號的自
相關函數12
1.5隨機信號13
1.5.1隨機變量13
1.5.2隨機過程14
1.5.3時間平均與遍歷性16
1.5.4隨機過程的功率譜密度
和自相關函數17
1.5.5通信系統中的
噪聲20
1.6信號通過線性
系統22
1.6.1沖激響應22
1.6.2頻域傳遞函數23
1.6.3無失真傳輸24
1.6.4信號、電路和頻譜28
1.7帶寬30
1.7.1基帶與帶通30
1.7.2關於帶寬31
1.8小結33
參考文獻34
習題34
思考題36
2格式化和基帶調制37
2.1基帶系統38
2.2文本數據的格式化(字符
編碼)39
2.3消息、字符與符號39
2.3.1消息、字符與符號
示例40
2.4模擬信息的格式化41
2.4.1采樣定理41
2.4.2混疊46
2.4.3為什麼要過采樣48
2.4.4數字系統的信號
接口50
2.5信號受損的因素51
2.5.1采樣與量化的影響51
2.5.2信道的影響52
2.5.3量化脈沖的
信噪比52
2.6脈沖編碼調制53
2.7均勻與非均勻
量化54
2.7.1語音幅度的統計特性54
2.7.2非均勻量化55
2.7.3壓擴特性56
2.8基帶傳輸57
2.8.1二進制數字的波形
表示57
2.8.2PCM波形類型58
2.8.3PCM波形的頻譜
特性60
2.8.4每PCM碼字的比特數與
每符號的比特數60
2.8.5M進制脈沖調制
波形61
2.9相關編碼63
2.9.1雙二進制信號63
2.9.2雙二進制信號譯碼64
2.9.3預編碼65
2.9.4雙二進制的等效傳遞
函數66
2.9.5二進制信號與雙二進制
信號比較66
2.9.6多二進制信號67
2.10小結68
參考文獻68
習題68
思考題70
3基帶解調與檢測71
3.1信號與噪聲72
3.1.1通信系統中差錯性能
的惡化72
3.1.2解調與檢測73
3.1.3信號與噪聲的矢量
表示76
3.1.4數字通信系統中的信噪比
參數81
3.1.5為什麼Eb/N0是自然的
性能指標81
3.2高斯噪聲中的二進制信號
檢測82
3.2.1最大似然接收機
結構82
3.2.2匹配濾波器84
3.2.3匹配濾波器的相關
實現85
3.2.4優化差錯性能87
3.2.5二進制信號的差錯概率
性能90
3.3符號間幹擾94
3.3.1用脈沖成形減少ISI96
3.3.2兩種差錯性能
惡化98
3.3.3成形脈沖的解調
檢測101
3.4均衡104
3.4.1信道特性104
3.4.2眼圖105
3.4.3均衡濾波器的類型105
3.4.4預置式均衡與自適應
均衡110
3.4.5濾波器的更新速率112
3.5小結112
參考文獻112
習題113
思考題115
4帶通調制和解調與
檢測116
4.1為什麼要調制117
4.2數字帶通調制
技術117
4.2.1正弦波的相量
表示118
4.2.2移相鍵控119
4.2.3移頻鍵控120
4.2.4幅移鍵控121
4.2.5幅相鍵控121
4.2.6波形的幅度系數121
4.3高斯噪聲中的信號
檢測122
4.3.1判決域122
4.3.2相關接收機123
4.4相幹檢測126
4.4.1PSK相幹檢測126
4.4.2匹配濾波器采樣127
4.4.3多進制相移鍵控
相幹檢測131
4.4.4FSK相幹檢測133
4.5非相幹檢測135
4.5.1差分PSK檢測135
4.5.2二進制差分PSK
示例136
4.5.3FSK非相幹檢測137
4.5.4非相幹正交FSK信號
所需的頻差139
4.6復包絡142
4.6.1調制器的正交
實現142
4.6.2D8PSK調制示例144
4.6.3D8PSK解調示例145
4.7二進制系統的差錯
性能146
4.7.1BPSK相幹檢測的
誤比特率146
4.7.2差分二進制PSK相幹
檢測的誤比特率147
4.7.3二進制正交FSK相幹
檢測的誤比特率148
4.7.4二進制正交FSK非相幹
檢測的誤比特率149
4.7.5二進制DPSK的誤比
特率151
4.7.6不同調制的誤比特率
性能比較152
4.8M進制信號及其性能153
4.8.1理想誤比特率
性能153
4.8.2M進制信號153
4.8.3MPSK信號的矢量
表示155
4.8.4BPSK和QPSK的
誤比特率相同156
4.8.5MFSK信號的矢量
表示157
4.9M進制系統的誤符號
性能(M>2)160
4.9.1MPSK的誤
符號率160
4.9.2MFSK的誤
符號率161
4.9.3正交信號的誤比特率
與誤符號率162
4.9.4多相信號的誤比特率
與誤符號率164
4.9.5符號間幹擾的
影響165
4.10小結165
參考文獻165
習題166
思考題168
5通信鏈路分析170
5.1系統鏈路預算對工程師
的意義171
5.2信道171
5.2.1自由空間的概念172
5.2.2差錯性能惡化172
5.2.3信號損耗與噪聲
的來源172
5.3接收信號功率與噪聲
功率176
5.3.1距離方程176
5.3.2接收信號功率是頻率的
函數179
5.3.3路徑損耗與頻率有關180
5.3.4熱噪聲功率181
5.4鏈路預算分析182
5.4.1兩個關鍵Eb/N0值184
5.4.2鏈路預算通常按分貝
計算185
5.4.3需要多少鏈路
裕量185
5.4.4鏈路可用性187
5.5噪聲系數、噪聲溫度和
系統溫度190
5.5.1噪聲系數190
5.5.2噪聲溫度191
5.5.3線路損耗192
5.5.4復合噪聲系數與復合
噪聲溫度194
5.5.5系統有效溫度195
5.5.6天空噪聲溫度198
5.6鏈路分析示例200
5.6.1鏈路預算細節201
5.6.2接收機品質因數203
5.6.3全向接收功率203
5.7衛星中繼203
5.7.1非再生中繼204
5.7.2非線性中繼放大器208
5.8系統權衡208
5.9小結209
參考文獻209
習題210
思考題213
6信道編碼Ⅰ: 波形編碼和
分組碼214
6.1波形編碼與結構
化序列215
6.1.1對極信號與正交
信號215
6.1.2M進制信號216
6.1.3波形編碼216
6.1.4波形編碼系統
示例219
6.2差錯控制類型221
6.2.1終端連接方式221
6.2.2自動重傳請求221
6.3結構化序列223
6.3.1信道模型223
6.3.2碼率與冗余度224
6.3.3奇偶校驗碼225
6.3.4為什麼要用糾錯碼227
6.4線性分組碼230
6.4.1矢量空間231
6.4.2矢量子空間231
6.4.3(6,3)線性分組碼
示例232
6.4.4生成矩陣232
6.4.5系統線性分組碼233
6.4.6校驗矩陣235
6.4.7伴隨式檢驗235
6.4.8糾錯236
6.4.9譯碼器實現239
6.5檢錯能力與糾錯
能力240
6.5.1二進制矢量的重量
和距離240
6.5.2線性碼的最小
距離241
6.5.3檢錯與糾錯241
6.5.46元組空間圖示244
6.5.5糾刪245
6.6標準陣列的用途246
6.6.1碼的能力估計246
6.6.2(n,k)碼示例247
6.6.3設計(8,2)碼248
6.6.4檢錯與糾錯的
權衡248
6.6.5標準陣列的
機理250
6.7循環碼251
6.7.1循環碼的代數結構251
6.7.2二進制循環碼的特性252
6.7.3系統碼編碼253
6.7.4多項式除法電路254
6.7.5用(n-k)級移位寄存器進行
系統編碼256
6.7.6用(n-k)級移位寄存器
檢錯257
6.8常用分組碼258
6.8.1漢明碼258
6.8.2擴展格雷碼260
6.8.3BCH碼261
6.9小結264
參考文獻265
習題265
思考題269
7信道編碼Ⅱ: 卷積碼和裏德
所羅門碼270
7.1卷積編碼271
7.2卷積編碼器的表示273
7.2.1連接表示273
7.2.2狀態表示及
狀態圖276
7.2.3樹圖278
7.2.4格圖278
7.3卷積碼的譯碼
問題281
7.3.1最大似然譯碼281
7.3.2信道模型: 硬判決與
軟判決282
7.3.3維特比卷積譯碼
算法285
7.3.4維特比譯碼
示例286
7.3.5譯碼器的實現289
7.3.6路徑存儲與
同步290
7.4卷積碼的特性291
7.4.1卷積碼的距離
特性291
7.4.2系統卷積碼與非系統
卷積碼294
7.4.3卷積碼中的災難性差錯
傳播294
7.4.4卷積碼的
性能界295
7.4.5編碼增益296
7.4.6常用卷積碼298
7.4.7卷積碼的碼率權衡
因素299
7.4.8軟判決維特比譯碼299
7.5其他卷積碼譯碼
算法301
7.5.1序貫譯碼301
7.5.2維特比譯碼和序貫譯碼的
比較及局限性303
7.5.3反饋譯碼305
7.6裏德所羅門碼306
7.6.1裏德所羅門碼的差錯率307
7.6.2為什麼裏德所羅門碼抗突發
噪聲性能突出308
7.6.3RS碼的性能是碼長、冗余度
和碼率的函數310
7.6.4有限域312
7.6.5裏德所羅門碼的編碼316
7.6.6裏德所羅門碼的譯碼319
7.7交織與級聯碼324
7.7.1分組交織325
7.7.2卷積交織327
7.7.3級聯碼328
7.8編碼和交織在光盤數字音頻系統中
的應用329
7.8.1CIRC編碼330
7.8.2CIRC譯碼332
7.8.3插值與靜音333
7.9小結334
參考文獻334
習題336
思考題339
8信道編碼Ⅲ: Turbo碼和低密度校驗
(LDPC)碼340
8.1Turbo碼341
8.1.1Turbo碼的概念341
8.1.2對數似然代數344
8.1.3乘積碼示例344
8.1.4遞歸系統碼的
編碼349
8.1.5反饋譯碼器353
8.1.6MAP算法356
8.1.7MAP譯碼示例361
8.2低密度校驗
(LDPC)碼364
8.2.1背景與概述364
8.2.2校驗矩陣364
8.2.3尋找性能最佳
的編碼366
8.2.4譯碼概述368
8.2.5數學基礎371
8.2.6概率域譯碼374
8.2.7對數域譯碼380
8.2.8低復雜度譯碼器383
8.2.9LDPC碼的性能384
8.2.10小結386
參考文獻389
習題391
思考題395
9調制與編碼的權衡396
9.1通信系統設計的
目標397
9.2差錯概率平面397
9.3奈奎斯特最小帶寬398
9.4香農哈特萊容量定理400
9.4.1香農極限401
9.4.2熵402
9.4.3疑義度與有效
傳輸率403
9.5帶寬效率平面405
9.5.1MPSK與MFSK調制的
頻譜效率406
9.5.2帶寬效率平面與差錯率
平面的類比407
9.6調制與編碼的權衡407
9.7數字通信系統的定義、設計與
評估409
9.7.1M進制信號設計409
9.7.2帶寬受限系統410
9.7.3功率受限系統411
9.7.4MPSK及MFSK傳輸
要求412
9.7.5帶寬受限的無編碼系統
示例412
9.7.6功率受限的無編碼系統
示例414
9.7.7帶寬與功率同時受限的編碼
系統示例415
9.8高頻譜效率調制421
9.8.1QPSK與OQPSK422
9.8.2最小移頻鍵控424
9.8.3正交幅度調制427
9.9格碼調制429
9.9.1格碼調制的
思想430
9.9.2TCM編碼431
9.9.3TCM譯碼434
9.9.4其他格碼436
9.9.5格碼調制
示例438
9.9.6多維格碼
調制440
9.10小結441
參考文獻441
習題442
思考題445
10同步446
10.1接收同步447
10.1.1同步的必要性447
10.1.2波形級與比特流級
的對齊447
10.1.3載波調制447
10.1.4載波同步447
10.1.5符號同步450
10.1.6眼圖與星座圖451
10.2同步解調452
10.2.1最小化信號之差
的能量453
10.2.2找出相關函數
的峰值453
10.2.3基本模擬鎖相環
(PLL)455
10.2.4鎖相於遠端振蕩器455
10.2.5相位斜率(頻率)估計456
10.3環路濾波器、控制電路及
捕獲457
10.3.1系統中有多少環路濾
波器457
10.3.2關鍵環路濾波器457
10.3.3為什麼需要R×R·
457
10.3.4相位誤差S曲線458
10.4鎖相環定時恢復459
10.4.1從已調波形中恢復載
波定時459
10.4.2經典定時恢復
架構460
10.4.3定時誤差檢測: 基於
相關函數的機理462
10.4.4最大似然定時誤差
檢測463
10.4.5多相匹配濾波器與微分
匹配濾波器464
10.4.632路鎖相環的近似ML
定時恢復468
10.5鎖頻環(FLL)恢復
頻率471
10.5.1帶邊濾波器472
10.5.2非數據輔助的帶邊濾波器
定時同步476
10.6相位與頻率偏移
的影響479
10.6.1星座圖相位偏移
無旋轉480
10.6.2星座圖慢
旋轉481
10.6.3星座圖快
旋轉483
10.7小結485
參考文獻486
習題487
思考題490
11復用與多址491
11.1通信資源
分配492
11.1.1頻分復用與頻分
多址493
11.1.2時分復用與時分
多址497
11.1.3通信資源信
道化499
11.1.4FDMA與TDMA的性能
比較499
11.1.5碼分多址502
11.1.6空分與極化
多址503
11.2多址通信系統與
架構504
11.2.1多址信息流505
11.2.2按需分配
多址505
11.3接入算法506
11.3.1ALOHA506
11.3.2時隙ALOHA508
11.3.3預約ALOHA509
11.3.4SALOHA和RALOHA
性能對比510
11.3.5輪詢技術511
11.4INTELSAT采用的
多址技術512
11.4.1預分配FDM/FM/FDMA或
MCPC操作513
11.4.2INTELSAT衛星中的
MCPC多址接入模式514
11.4.3SPADE操作515
11.4.4INTELSAT中的TDMA518
11.4.5INTELSAT衛星交換
TDMA523
11.5局域網中的多址
技術525
11.5.1載波偵聽多址
接入網絡525
11.5.2令牌環網絡527
11.5.3CSMA/CD與令牌環網絡
性能對比528
11.6小結529
參考文獻529
習題530
思考題532
12擴頻技術533
12.1擴頻概述534
12.1.1擴頻系統的
優點534
12.1.2擴頻技術的分類537
12.1.3直接序列擴頻幹擾抑制
模型537
12.1.4歷史背景538
12.2偽噪聲序列539
12.2.1隨機特性539
12.2.2移位寄存器序列540
12.2.3PN序列的自相關函數541
12.3直接序列擴頻
系統541
12.3.1直接序列擴頻示例543
12.3.2處理增益與性能544
12.4跳頻系統546
12.4.1跳頻示例547
12.4.2魯棒性548
12.4.3分集跳頻549
12.4.4快跳頻與慢跳頻549
12.4.5FFH/MFSK解調551
12.4.6處理增益551
12.5同步551
12.5.1捕獲552
12.5.2跟蹤555
12.6幹擾問題557
12.6.1幹擾遊戲557
12.6.2寬帶噪聲幹擾561
12.6.3部分頻帶噪聲幹擾562
12.6.4多音幹擾564
12.6.5脈沖幹擾564
12.6.6轉發式幹擾565
12.6.7BLADES系統567
12.7商業應用568
12.7.1碼分多址568
12.7.2多徑信道569
12.7.3FCC第15部分關於擴頻
系統的規範570
12.7.4直接序列擴頻與跳頻擴頻
比較571
12.8蜂窩系統572
12.8.1直接序列CDMA572
12.8.2模擬FM、TDMA及CDMA
比較575
12.8.3幹擾受限系統與維度受限
系統比較576
12.8.4IS95 CDMA數字蜂窩
系統578
12.9小結586
參考文獻586
習題588
思考題591
13信源編碼592
13.1信源593
13.1.1離散信源593
13.1.2波形信源596
13.2幅度量化597
13.2.1量化噪聲599
13.2.2均勻量化601
13.2.3飽和604
13.2.4抖動606
13.2.5非均勻量化608
13.3脈沖編碼調制611
13.3.1差分脈沖編碼調制611
13.3.2單抽頭預測613
13.3.3N抽頭預測614
13.3.4增量調制615
13.3.5ΣΔ調制616
13.3.6ΣΔ模數轉換(ADC)620
13.3.7ΣΔ數模轉換(DAC)621
13.4自適應預測622
13.4.1前向自適應622
13.4.2綜合/分析編碼623
13.5分組編碼624
13.5.1矢量量化624
13.6變換編碼626
13.6.1變換編碼的
量化627
13.6.2子帶編碼627
13.7數字數據的信源編碼628
13.7.1編碼特性629
13.7.2哈夫曼編碼631
13.7.3遊程編碼633
13.8信源編碼示例637
13.8.1音頻壓縮637
13.8.2圖像壓縮641
13.9小結647
參考文獻647
習題648
思考題650
14衰落信道651
14.1衰落信道對通信
的挑戰652
14.2移動無線傳播
特性653
14.2.1大尺度衰落656
14.2.2小尺度衰落657
14.3信號的時間擴展660
14.3.1時間擴展在時延域
的體現660
14.3.2時間擴展在頻域
的體現662
14.3.3平衰落與頻率選擇性衰落
示例664
14.4運動引起的信道
時變666
14.4.1時變性在時域
的體現666
14.4.2時變性在多普勒頻移
域的體現668
14.4.3慢平瑞利衰落下
的性能673
14.5降低衰落
的影響675
14.5.1抗頻率選擇性
失真676
14.5.2抗快衰落
失真678
14.5.3克服低信噪比
損失678
14.5.4分集技術680
14.5.5適合衰落信道的
調制類型681
14.5.6交織器的作用682
14.6標準衰落信道的
主要參數685
14.6.1案例1: 快衰落失真685
14.6.2案例2: 頻率選擇性衰落
失真686
14.6.3案例3: 快衰落與頻率
選擇性衰落失真686
14.7應用: 減小頻率選擇性
衰落的影響688
14.7.1GSM中的維特比
均衡688
14.7.2直接序列擴頻(DS/SS)系統
中的Rake接收機690
14.8小結692
參考文獻692
習題694
思考題698
15正交頻分復用(OFDM)
基礎699
15.1什麼是OFDM700
15.2為什麼是OFDM700
15.3OFDM入門701
15.4我們希望平衰落慢
衰落702
15.4.1OFDM對多徑信道通信
最重要的貢獻702
15.5傳統多載波FDM與多載波
OFDM的對比703
15.6循環前綴(CP)的歷史704
15.6.1解析OFDM的符號
延長704
15.6.2CP的長度705
15.7OFDM系統框圖706
15.8聚焦IDFT707
15.9OFDM波形合成
示例707
15.10OFDM波形合成
總結708
15.11分布在子載波索引上的數據
星座點709
15.11.1OFDM接收機中的信號
處理710
15.11.2OFDM符號持續時間710
15.11.3為什麼實際系統中不使用
直流子載波711
15.12埃米爾特對稱711
15.13需要多少子載波712
15.14循環前綴(CP)在OFDM中
的重要性713
15.14.1連續和離散傅裏葉變換
的性質713
15.14.2OFDM子載波
重建714
15.14.3離散傅裏葉變換(DFT)
的一個性質715
15.14.4利用循環卷積重建OFDM
子載波716
15.14.5使線性卷積呈現循環卷積
的技巧718
15.15早期OFDM應用: WiFi.802.11a標準718
15.15.1為什麼變換點數N要大於
子載波數720
15.16循環前綴(CP)與子載波
間隔721
15.17OFDM在長期演進(LTE)中的
應用722
15.17.1LTE資源: 資源格、資源塊、
資源單元722
15.17.2LTE中的OFDM幀722
15.18OFDM的缺點726
15.18.1對多普勒的敏感性726
15.18.2峰均功率比(PAPR)與
SCOFDM726
15.18.3降低PAPR的動因726
15.19單載波OFDM(SCOFDM)
的PAPR優於標準OFDM727
15.19.1SCOFDM信號的主瓣
持續時間短729
15.19.2是否有實現SCOFDM
的簡單方法729
15.20小結730
參考文獻730
習題730
思考題732
16多輸入多輸出(MIMO)
的魔力733
16.1什麼是MIMO734
16.1.1MIMO發展歷程734
16.1.2矢量與相量734
16.1.3MIMO信道模型735
16.2多天線技術的
多重優勢737
16.2.1陣列增益737
16.2.2分集增益738
16.2.3SIMO接收分集
示例740
16.2.4MISO發送分集
示例740
16.2.5雙時隙MISO分集
示例741
16.2.6編碼增益741
16.2.7陣列增益、分集增益及編碼
增益的圖示742
16.3空間復用743
16.3.1MIMO空間復用(MIMO
SM)的基本思想743
16.3.2MIMOSM與CDMA
的類比744
16.3.3僅接收端已知信道狀態
信息(CSI)時744
16.3.4信道模型的影響745
16.3.5MIMO與OFDM天然
適配746
16.4容量性能747
16.4.1確定信道
建模748
16.4.2隨機信道模型749
16.5發端信道狀態
信息(CSI)751
16.5.1最優功率分配752
16.6空時編碼754
16.6.1MIMO系統中的分組碼755
16.6.2MIMO系統中的格碼757
16.7MIMO中的權衡757
16.7.1基本權衡758
16.7.2偏向提高PAM和QAM
的魯棒性759
16.7.3偏向提高PAM和QAM
的容量759
16.7.4權衡復用增益與分集增益
的方法760
16.8多用戶MIMO(MUMIMO)763
16.8.1什麼是MUMIMO763
16.8.2SUMIMO與MUMIMO中
的記號764
16.8.3MIMO思維的
轉變765
16.8.4MUMIMO容量768
16.8.5不同預編碼策略和
率容量的比較779
16.8.6MUMIMO與SUMIMO
的性能對比779
16.9小結780
參考文獻780
習題782
思考題783
以下內容僅在線提供
17加密與解密
附錄A傅裏葉方法回顧
附錄B統計判決理論基礎
附錄C相關器對白噪聲的響應
附錄D常用公式
附錄Es域、z域及數字濾波
附錄F基於N點離散傅裏葉逆變換(IDFT)
的OFDM符號產生
附錄G符號列表
請訪問informit.com/title/9780134588568獲取在線內容。







