Ecology of Atlantic Salmon and Brown Trout: Habitat as a Template for Life Histories
暫譯: 大西洋鮭與褐鱒的生態:棲息地作為生命歷程的範本
Jonsson, Bror, Jonsson, Nina
- 出版商: Springer
- 出版日期: 2011-05-06
- 售價: $15,340
- 貴賓價: 9.5 折 $14,573
- 語言: 英文
- 頁數: 708
- 裝訂: Hardcover - also called cloth, retail trade, or trade
- ISBN: 9400711883
- ISBN-13: 9789400711884
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相關分類:
生物資訊 Bioinformatics
海外代購書籍(需單獨結帳)
相關主題
商品描述
Destruction of habitat is the major cause for loss of biodiversity including variation in life history and habitat ecology. Each species and population adapts to its environment, adaptations visible in morphology, ecology, behaviour, physiology and genetics. Here, the authors present the population ecology of Atlantic salmon and brown trout and how it is influenced by the environment in terms of growth, migration, spawning and recruitment. Salmonids appeared as freshwater fish some 50 million years ago. Atlantic salmon and brown trout evolved in the Atlantic basin, Atlantic salmon in North America and Europe, brown trout in Europe, Northern Africa and Western Asia. The species live in small streams as well as large rivers, lakes, estuaries, coastal seas and oceans, with brown trout better adapted to small streams and less well adapted to feeding in the ocean than Atlantic salmon. Smolt and adult sizes and longevity are constrained by habitat conditions of populations spawning in small streams. Feeding, wintering and spawning opportunities influence migratory versus resident lifestyles, while the growth rate influences egg size and number, age at maturity, reproductive success and longevity. Further, early experiences influence later performance. For instance, juvenile behaviour influences adult homing, competition for spawning habitat, partner finding and predator avoidance.
The abundance of wild Atlantic salmon populations has declined in recent years; climate change and escaped farmed salmon are major threats. The climate influences through changes in temperature and flow, while escaped farmed salmon do so through ecological competition, interbreeding and the spreading of contagious diseases. The authors pinpoint essential problems and offer suggestions as to how they can be reduced. In this context, population enhancement, habitat restoration and management are also discussed. The text closes with a presentation of what the authors view as major scientific challenges in ecological research on these species.
商品描述(中文翻譯)
棲息地的破壞是生物多樣性喪失的主要原因,包括生命歷史和棲息地生態的變化。每個物種和族群都會適應其環境,這些適應在形態學、生態學、行為學、生理學和遺傳學上都可見。本文的作者介紹了大西洋鮭和褐鱒的族群生態,以及環境如何影響其生長、遷徙、產卵和補充。鮭魚類大約在五千萬年前出現為淡水魚。大西洋鮭和褐鱒在大西洋盆地進化,大西洋鮭在北美和歐洲,褐鱒則在歐洲、北非和西亞。這些物種生活在小溪、大河、湖泊、河口、沿海海域和海洋中,褐鱒較適應小溪,而在海洋中覓食的能力則不如大西洋鮭。小魚和成魚的大小及壽命受到在小溪產卵的族群棲息地條件的限制。覓食、過冬和產卵的機會影響遷徙與定居的生活方式,而生長速率則影響卵子的大小和數量、成熟年齡、生殖成功率和壽命。此外,早期的經驗會影響後期的表現。例如,幼魚的行為會影響成魚的回家能力、產卵棲息地的競爭、伴侶尋找和掠食者的避免。
近年來,野生大西洋鮭族群的數量有所下降;氣候變遷和逃逸的養殖鮭魚是主要威脅。氣候通過溫度和水流的變化影響生態,而逃逸的養殖鮭魚則通過生態競爭、雜交和傳播傳染病來影響生態。作者指出了關鍵問題並提出了減少這些問題的建議。在這個背景下,還討論了族群增強、棲息地恢復和管理。本文最後介紹了作者認為在這些物種的生態研究中面臨的主要科學挑戰。