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商品描述
Venus is a scientifically rich target for exploration.The evolution of Venus is, at present, poorly known, despite it being our closest planetary neighbor. This book reviews current knowledge of how Venus formed, evolved, and reached its current state. It is not clear how its tectonic and volcanic activity has varied through history, nor whether it once had a habitable phase with liquid water on its surface. Science questions addressed in the book span interior processes, surface geology, the atmosphere, climate, evidence for current activity, and the potential for past habitability.
Venus is also critical to planetary sciences in a broader sense. What lessons can we learn about the history of life and habitability on Earth-sized planets and terrestrial planets in general, whether in our solar system or elsewhere? The book addresses how increased study of Venus will also advance our understanding of critical questions for astrobiology, comparative planetology, and the processes that shaped the early Earth.
Now is a pivotal time in Venus exploration. New discoveries from Venus Express and Akatsuki, and new analyses of Magellan and earlier missions, have yielded a wealth of new insights into the evolution of Venus. Three new Venus missions have recently been selected - EnVision by ESA, DAVINCI and VERITAS by NASA - which will revolutionize our understanding of the current state of Venus and its evolution through time, and other mission concepts are in development. This book outlines how upcoming missions and related investigations will provide data needed to piece back together what caused Earth and Venus to evolve so differently.
Reprinted from Space Science Reviews Topical Collection "Venus: Evolution Through Time".
商品描述(中文翻譯)
金星是一個科學上豐富的探索目標。儘管金星是我們最近的行星鄰居，但其演化過程目前仍不清楚。本書回顧了目前對金星如何形成、演變以及達到當前狀態的知識。目前尚不清楚其構造和火山活動在歷史上是如何變化的，也不確定它是否曾經有過一個擁有液態水的可居住階段。本書探討的科學問題涵蓋了內部過程、表面地質、大氣、氣候、當前活動的證據以及過去可居住性的潛力。
從更廣泛的角度來看，金星對行星科學也至關重要。我們可以從金星的歷史中學到什麼關於地球大小行星和地球類行星的生命和可居住性，無論是在我們的太陽系還是其他地方？本書探討了對金星的深入研究將如何推進我們對天體生物學、比較行星學以及塑造早期地球過程的關鍵問題的理解。
現在是金星探索的關鍵時刻。來自金星快車（Venus Express）和曉（Akatsuki）的新發現，以及對馬金倫（Magellan）和早期任務的新分析，提供了大量有關金星演化的新見解。最近選定了三個新的金星任務 - 歐洲太空局的EnVision、NASA的DAVINCI和VERITAS - 這些任務將徹底改變我們對金星當前狀態及其隨時間演變的理解，其他任務概念也在開發中。本書概述了即將到來的任務和相關調查將如何提供所需的數據，以拼湊出地球和金星為何如此不同演化的原因。
摘自《太空科學評論》專題集《金星：隨時間演變》。
作者簡介
Dr. Thomas Widemann is a Senior Research Scientist at the Laboratory of Instrumentation and Research in Astrophysics (LIRA) of the Paris Observatory. Focusing on planetary studies using UV, visible, and infrared spectroscopy, he developed outstanding techniques combining simultaneous space and ground-based observations to study the climate and dynamics of planetary atmospheres. He received his doctorate degree in Astrophysics and Space Science from Paris University, followed by a postdoc at CNES and Associated Professorship at Université de Versailles. He was Venus Express Support Investigator, and co-led the EnVision mission proposal to ESA's Cosmic Vision. He is also co-investigator of the VERITAS mission to Venus and co-Lead Scientist of the EnVision/VenSpec-M instrument. He was recently elected corresponding member of the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA).
Dr. Colin Wilson is a planetary scientist with particular expertise in atmospheres of Venus and Mars. He has developed instruments and mission concepts for future planetary exploration, including wind sensors for Mars landers, wind sensors for the Titan Dragonfly mission, together with the Johns Hopkins University / Applied Physics Lab, and Venus mission proposals including the EnVision Venus Orbiter. He used Venus Express data to study cloud properties, winds and radiative balance on Venus. Dr. Wilson is the European Space Agency's Project Scientist for Mars Express and ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter missions.
Prof. Doris Breuer is head of the Planetary Physics Department at DLR, Institute of Planetary Research in Berlin and Associated Professor at the Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris. She works on the thermochemical evolution, mantle dynamics and internal structure of planetary bodies. She received her doctoral degree at the University in Münster, Germany and worked as a postdoc in Minneapolis, USA before she went back to the University of Münster and then to DLR in Berlin. She has been scientifically involved in several space missions and is currently co-investigator on VERITAS and for the VenSpec Suite on EnVision. She further participates in BepiColombo, the ESA/JAXA mission to Mercury and JUICE an ESA mission to Ganymede.
Dr. Cedric Gillmann is a researcher at ETH Zurich whose interests gravitate around planetary processes that affect long-term evolution and habitability of terrestrial planets, with an eye for all types of exchanges between their interior, surface and atmosphere. He "met" Venus during his PhD at IPGP in Paris and has never looked back. Since then, he has worked at the Royal Observatory of Belgium, the Free University of Brussels, Rice University in Houston and ETH Zurich. He is involved in the ESA EnVision mission, as part of the science support team for the Radio Science Experiment and Collaborator for the VenSpec Suite
Dr. Sue Smrekar is a Senior Research Scientist at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. Her research focuses on how Venus and Earth evolved down such different paths, and how interior processes link to surface geology, the atmosphere, and long-term habitability. She has worked on numerous planetary missions, including as the Project Scientist for Deep Space 2, Deputy Project Scientist for Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, participating scientist on Venus Express, and Deputy Principal Investigator for the InSight mission to Mars. She is the PI for the VERITAS mission to Venus. She is a member of the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA).
Prof. Tilman Spohn was a professor at the University of Münster (1984-2016), Germany, and the director of the DLR Institute of Planetary Research from 2003-2017. He served as executive director of ISSI 2019-2022. His research focuses on the thermodynamics of the interiors of rocky and icy planets, moons and small bodies and the link to life in the solar system and beyond. He received his diploma and doctorate degrees in geophysics from Frankfurt University. He has worked on various missions serving as instrument PI for MUPUS on Rosetta and HP3 on InSight. He is a member of the Academia Europaea and the Academy of Astronautics.
作者簡介(中文翻譯)
德國的托馬斯·維德曼博士是巴黎天文台儀器與天體物理研究實驗室（LIRA）的高級研究科學家。他專注於使用紫外線、可見光和紅外光光譜進行行星研究，開發了結合同時的太空和地面觀測的卓越技術，以研究行星大氣的氣候和動力學。他在巴黎大學獲得天體物理學和太空科學的博士學位，隨後在法國國家太空研究中心（CNES）進行博士後研究，並在凡爾賽大學擔任副教授。他曾擔任金星快車（Venus Express）支持研究員，並共同主導了向歐洲太空局（ESA）提出的EnVision任務提案。他也是金星VERITAS任務的共同研究員，以及EnVision/VenSpec-M儀器的共同首席科學家。最近，他被選為國際宇航科學院（IAA）的對應會員。
科林·威爾遜博士是一位行星科學家，專門研究金星和火星的大氣。他為未來的行星探索開發了儀器和任務概念，包括火星著陸器的風傳感器、與約翰霍普金斯大學/應用物理實驗室合作的泰坦蜻蜓任務的風傳感器，以及包括EnVision金星軌道器在內的金星任務提案。他利用金星快車的數據研究金星的雲屬性、風和輻射平衡。威爾遜博士是歐洲太空局的火星快車（Mars Express）和ExoMars追蹤氣體軌道器（Trace Gas Orbiter）任務的項目科學家。
多莉絲·布魯爾教授是德國柏林DLR行星研究所行星物理部門的負責人，並在巴黎地球物理研究所擔任副教授。她的研究專注於行星體的熱化學演化、地幔動力學和內部結構。她在德國明斯特大學獲得博士學位，並在美國明尼阿波利斯擔任博士後研究員，之後回到明斯特大學，然後轉到柏林的DLR。她參與了多個太空任務的科學工作，目前是VERITAS和EnVision的VenSpec Suite的共同研究員。她還參與了BepiColombo，這是歐洲太空局（ESA）和日本宇宙航空研究開發機構（JAXA）共同的水星任務，以及ESA的JUICE任務，目標是木衛二（Ganymede）。
塞德里克·吉爾曼博士是蘇黎世聯邦理工學院的研究員，他的研究興趣圍繞影響地球行星長期演化和宜居性的行星過程，並關注它們的內部、表面和大氣之間的各種交換。他在巴黎的法國地球物理研究所（IPGP）攻讀博士學位時「遇見」金星，從此便不再回頭。此後，他曾在比利時皇家天文台、布魯塞爾自由大學、休斯頓的萊斯大學和蘇黎世聯邦理工學院工作。他參與了ESA的EnVision任務，作為無線電科學實驗的科學支持團隊成員，並擔任VenSpec Suite的合作者。
蘇·斯梅克博士是加州帕薩迪納的噴射推進實驗室的高級研究科學家。她的研究專注於金星和地球如何沿著如此不同的路徑演變，以及內部過程如何與表面地質、大氣和長期宜居性相連。她參與了多個行星任務，包括作為深空2號（Deep Space 2）的項目科學家、火星勘測軌道器（Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter）的副項目科學家、金星快車的參與科學家，以及火星InSight任務的副首席研究員。她是金星VERITAS任務的首席研究員。她是國際宇航科學院（IAA）的成員。
蒂爾曼·斯波恩教授曾是德國明斯特大學的教授（1984-2016），並於2003年至2017年擔任DLR行星研究所的所長。他於2019年至2022年擔任ISSI的執行董事。他的研究專注於岩石和冰行星、衛星及小天體的內部熱力學，以及與太陽系及更遠處生命的聯繫。他在法蘭克福大學獲得地球物理學的文憑和博士學位。他參與了多個任務，擔任Rosetta上的MUPUS和InSight上的HP3的儀器首席研究員。他是歐洲學院（Academia Europaea）和宇航學院（Academy of Astronautics）的成員。
