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作者簡介
Professor (Dr.) RanbirChanderSobti,, Honorary Scientist INSA, Former Vice Chancellor, BabasahebBhimraoAmbedkar University, Lucknow (UP) and Panjab University, Chandigarh, Former Education Consultant Governor of Bihar and Former Senior Scientist (Indian National Science Academy), is, indeed, a polymath--a renowned academician, distinguished scientist, dynamic administrator and a visionary gifted with an immensely optimistic disposition and integrity of character, words and action. He was elected as General President of Indian Science Congress Association for the Session 2013-14. Professor R.C. Sobti started his career as an Animal Cytogeneticist(including human) and characterized the karyotypes of animal groups from protozoa to human. He also worked on mutagenesis/carcinogenicity of environmental pollutants both in vivo and in vitro systems. He has proactively been involved in cancer biology and focused on searching novel tumour markers for cancer detection. He explored and evaluated the role of genetic polymorphism and their expression in the genesis of various cancers, COPD, AIDS and metabolic syndrome. He has identified disease susceptible /protective novel genotypes and determined the crucial role of SACS-1 and STAT genes in the genesis of cervical and prostate cancers.He has also been engaged in the development of whole organ by tissue culture through custom designed de-cellularization protocol.He has demonstrated the regulation of stem cell character under in vitro conditions is a function of morphological assortment of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNC) - an observation that has marked significance in the field of stem cell research. He is currently working on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) which is a complex endocrine disorder with significant implications for women's health. In addition to enlarged ovaries with numerous tiny cysts and hormonal disturbances; it raises the risk of reproductive malignancies. There are only a few studies linking the association of PCOS to breast, ovarian, and uterine cancer, but none has highlighted the comprehensive analysis of their association. To gain insights into the molecular mechanisms, a literature mining analysis focused on genes associated with PCOS, uterine, ovarian, cervical, and breast cancers has been done. Genes were retrieved from the DisGeNET database, and a gene interaction network has been constructed using the STRING database. Clustering analysis and hub gene identification has beenperformed using Cytoscape and the CytoHubba plugin. The biological functions and pathways associated with the identified hub genes were analyzed using the ClueGO plug-in. Three important hub genes namely PTEN, BRCA1, and BRCA2 whose cellular locations have been provided by cluePedia identified. These genes might be the potential biomarkers for PCOS, uterine, ovarian, cervical, and breast cancers. The identified hub genes highlight the molecular complexity underlying PCOS-associated reproductive cancers. Understanding the roles of PTEN, BRCA1, and BRCA2 can aid in early detection, personalized treatment approaches, and the development of targeted therapies for those with PCOS-related reproductive cancers. The use of maximum number of TFBS for Hunchback, Knirps, Caudal, and Kruppel in bothprosophila D. melanogaster and Tribolium castaneum, while Bicoid TFBS clusters were found only in D. melanogaster (Moudgil et al., 2023). His work on various aspects of microbes is note worthy. Besides this he has also reviewed the therapeutic effects of Tribolium occidentalis which plant has great potential as it is widely used in both traditional, homoeopathy modern and evidence-based phytotherapy. In vitro and in vivo models have shown it'simmunopharmacological potential, including its immunostimulatory, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and antiviral activities (Thakur et al., 2023). His research group has shown that the T. occidentalis collected from the Kakching, Manipur, East side of India have the highest zone of inhibition. The GC-MS has revealed positive correlation between zone of inhibition and peak area percentages of α-Pinene, β-caryophyllene, Germacrene-D, and Humulene indicating that these chemicals may play a key role in anti-bacterial potential of T. occidentalis. It is now evident that the antibacterial effectiveness of T. occidentalis varies with its geographical location which may be attributed to the differences in the phytochemical makeup (Thakur et al., 2023). We have also observed that the transcription factor binding site (TFBS) clusters on twelve Dorsal-Ventral (D-V) genes in Triboliumcastaneum and compare them to their orthologous gene enhancers in Drosophila melanogaster using a bioinformatics tools. The results related to the transcription factors in Drosophila melanogaster and Triboliumcastaneum are nearly identical; however, the number of binding sites varies between the two species, indicating transcription factor binding site evolution. It appears that dorsal, twist, snail, zelda, and Supressor of Hairless are the transcription factors responsible for the regulation of DV patterning in the two insect species (Kapilet al., 2023). The pathology, diagnosis and treatment of monkeypoxhas also been reviewed (Thakur et al., 2023). Prof. Sobti has delivered numerous keynote addresses at National and International forums, based on implications and applications of science and scientific temper for general awareness and improvements of everyday life and lifestyle in a lucid and people-centric manner. Other contributions/Achievements He has delivered numerous keynote addresses at reputed National and International forums, based on implications and applications of science and scientific temper for general awareness and improvements of everyday life and lifestyle in a lucid and people-centric manner. His immense contribution to science includes, inter alia, 400 high impact research publications with more than 5500 citations and h-factor of (39), 55 books and 23 Sponsored Research Projects. Professor Sobti is a Fellow of the Third World Academy of Sciences (TWAS), National Academy of Sciences, Indian National Science Academy, National Academies of Medical Sciences and Agricultural Sciences and the Canadian Academy of Cardiovascular Diseases and is associated with many other Academic Associations and Institutions in the domain of higher education and research. The litany of honours showered on him includes, among others, the INSA Young Scientist Medal (1978), UGC Career Research Award, Punjab Rattan Award, JC Bose Oration Award and the Life Time Achievement Award of the Punjab Academy of Sciences, Zoological Society of India, and the Environment Academy of India, besides many other medals and awards of various reputed National and International Organizations. As a protean public intellectual, Professor Sobti is a remarkable leader in the domain of science/scientific knowledge-both in theory and practice. In recognition of his enormous contribution to higher education, he has been bestowed with a large number of prestigious awards and medals which adorn his academic and professional career. The Government of India bestowed upon him the honour of "PADMASHRI"in 2009 by way of rightfully acknowledging his great contribution to higher education in India. On 2nd July, 2016, he was also honoured with 'Bharat Gaurav', Life Time Achievement Award at the House of Commons, British Parliament, London, U. K. Owing to his exceptional contribution, and societal commitments, the Government of India has conferred upon him the honorary rank of 'COLONEL'.Professor Sobti, not only excels in creating academic atmosphere but is also equally steadfast and loyal towards environment and society. His charismatic aura and unrelenting attitude, that does encourage and motivate all, has an inherent capacity of transforming the organisation into a synergistic, cohesive and vibrant team. Professor Sobti's pragmatic approach and dynamic vision encapsulated in his view that education in University should be a mechanism for social change and liberating force for the individual and the society, resulted in initiating various Community Engagement Programmes. His innovative ideas in enthusing the faculty and students to excel in research and academics and his efforts in transferring these ideas to the needy through scientific spirit and temper can be pronounced as distinct and exceptional. Professor Sobti has not only instilled the importance of science and scientific perspective in the personal and societal development, but has rigorously campaigned and spread awareness about the ill-effects of the abuse of scientific and technological advancements for greed. He has set examples and personally taken initiatives to make the campus-environment conducive, safe, and healthy through the successful implementation of numerous socially relevant and meaningful initiatives. Professor Sobti has always gone beyond the call of duty in every arena, be it for his innovative ideas, constant encouragement, and his speedy actions aimed at comprehensive development of the society. Professor R.C.Sobti is a personification of energy, synergy, positivity, creativity and development. He encompasses the best of tradition and modernity both to engineer a dynamic today-which is of vital significance to create a great future.He is an epitome of kindness, hard work and solidarity, an active researcher and a perfect protagonist in popularization of science and can carry along a large community towards a developed and progressive Nation
作者簡介(中文翻譯)
教授（博士）Ranbir Chander Sobti，印度國家科學院榮譽科學家，前巴巴薩赫布·比姆拉奧·安貝德卡大學（Lucknow, UP）及旁遮普大學（Chandigarh）副校長，前比哈爾州教育顧問，前印度國家科學院高級科學家，確實是一位博學多才的人物——他是一位著名的學者、傑出的科學家、充滿活力的管理者，以及一位擁有極其樂觀的性格和誠信的願景者。他於2013-14年度被選為印度科學大會的總會長。
R.C. Sobti教授的職業生涯始於動物細胞遺傳學（包括人類），並對從原生動物到人類的動物群體的染色體型進行了特徵描述。他還研究了環境污染物的致突變性/致癌性，無論是在體內還是體外系統中。
他積極參與癌症生物學，專注於尋找新型腫瘤標記以進行癌症檢測。他探討並評估了基因多態性及其表達在各種癌症、慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）、艾滋病和代謝綜合症的發生中的作用。他已識別出疾病易感/保護的新型基因型，並確定了SACS-1和STAT基因在宮頸癌和前列腺癌發生中的關鍵作用。他還參與了通過定制的去細胞化協議進行全器官的組織培養的開發。他展示了在體外條件下幹細胞特徵的調控是固體脂質納米顆粒（SLNC）形態選擇的函數，這一觀察在幹細胞研究領域具有重要意義。
他目前正在研究多囊卵巢綜合症（PCOS），這是一種複雜的內分泌疾病，對女性健康有重大影響。除了卵巢腫大伴隨眾多小囊腫和荷爾蒙失調外，還增加了生殖惡性腫瘤的風險。目前只有少數研究將PCOS與乳腺癌、卵巢癌和子宮癌的關聯聯繫起來，但沒有一項突出了它們之間關聯的綜合分析。為了深入了解分子機制，進行了一項文獻挖掘分析，重點關注與PCOS、子宮癌、卵巢癌、宮頸癌和乳腺癌相關的基因。基因是從DisGeNET數據庫中檢索的，並使用STRING數據庫構建了基因互作網絡。使用Cytoscape和CytoHubba插件進行了聚類分析和樞紐基因識別。通過ClueGO插件分析了與識別的樞紐基因相關的生物功能和途徑。三個重要的樞紐基因，即PTEN、BRCA1和BRCA2，其細胞位置由cluePedia提供。這些基因可能是PCOS、子宮癌、卵巢癌、宮頸癌和乳腺癌的潛在生物標記。識別的樞紐基因突顯了PCOS相關生殖癌症背後的分子複雜性。了解PTEN、BRCA1和BRCA2的作用可以幫助早期檢測、個性化治療方法以及針對PCOS相關生殖癌症的靶向療法的開發。
在果蠅（D. melanogaster）和小麥象（Tribolium castaneum）中，Hunchback、Knirps、Caudal和Kruppel的轉錄因子結合位點（TFBS）數量達到最大，而Bicoid TFBS簇僅在D. melanogaster中發現（Moudgil等，2023）。他在微生物的各個方面的研究值得注意。
此外，他還回顧了西方小麥象（Tribolium occidentalis）的治療效果，該植物具有巨大的潛力，因為它在傳統、順勢療法、現代和基於證據的植物療法中被廣泛使用。體外和體內模型顯示其免疫藥理潛力，包括免疫刺激、抗癌、抗細菌、抗真菌和抗病毒活性（Thakur等，2023）。他的研究小組顯示，來自印度東部Manipur的Kakching的T. occidentalis具有最高的抑制區域。GC-MS顯示抑制區域與α-Pinene、β-caryophyllene、Germacrene-D和Humulene的峰面積百分比之間存在正相關，這表明這些化學物質可能在T. occidentalis的抗菌潛力中發揮關鍵作用。現在顯而易見的是，T. occidentalis的抗菌效果因其地理位置而異，這可能歸因於植物化學成分的差異（Thakur等，2023）。
我們還觀察到在小麥象（Tribolium castaneum）中十二個背腹（D-V）基因的轉錄因子結合位點（TFBS）簇，並使用生物信息學工具將其與果蠅（Drosophila melanogaster）中的同源基因增強子進行比較。與果蠅（D. melanogaster）和小麥象（T. castaneum）中的轉錄因子相關的結果幾乎相同；然而，兩種物種之間的結合位點數量有所不同，這表明轉錄因子結合位點的進化。看起來dorsal、twist、snail、zelda和Suppressor of Hairless是負責調控這兩種昆蟲物種DV模式的轉錄因子（Kapi等，2023）。猴痘的病理學、診斷和治療也已被回顧（Thakur等，2023）。
Sobti教授在國內外論壇上發表了許多主題演講，基於科學及科學精神對一般認知和日常生活及生活方式改善的影響和應用，以清晰且以人為本的方式進行。
其他貢獻/成就
他在知名的國內外論壇上發表了許多主題演講，基於科學及科學精神對一般認知和日常生活及生活方式改善的影響和應用，以清晰且以人為本的方式進行。他對科學的巨大貢獻包括400篇高影響力的研究出版物，引用次數超過5500次，H指數為39，55本書和23個贊助研究項目。
Sobti教授是第三世界科學院（TWAS）、國家科學院、印度國家科學院、國家醫學科學院和農業科學院以及加拿大心血管疾病學院的院士，並與許多其他高等教育和研究領域的學術協會和機構有關聯。他所獲得的榮譽包括：INSA青年科學家獎（1978年）、UGC職業研究獎、旁遮普拉坦獎、JC Bose演講獎以及旁遮普科學院、印度動物學會和印度環境學院的終身成就獎，還有許多其他國內外知名組織的獎牌和獎項。
作為一位多才多藝的公共知識分子，Sobti教授在科學/科學知識的領域中是一位卓越的領導者——無論是在理論還是實踐中。鑑於他對高等教育的巨大貢獻，他獲得了大量的榮譽獎項和獎牌，這些獎項為他的學術和專業生涯增光添彩。印度政府於2009年授予他「PADMASHRI」的榮譽，以正確地承認他對印度高等教育的重大貢獻。2016年7月2日，他還在英國倫敦國會下議院獲得「Bharat Gaurav」終身成就獎。
由於他卓越的貢獻和社會承諾，印度政府授予他「上校」的榮譽軍銜。Sobti教授不僅在創造學術氛圍方面表現出色，對環境和社會也同樣堅定和忠誠。他的魅力和不懈的態度鼓勵和激勵著所有人，具有將組織轉變為協同、凝聚和充滿活力團隊的內在能力。
Sobti教授的務實方法和動態願景體現在他對大學教育應該成為社會變革的機制和個人及社會的解放力量的看法中，這促成了各種社區參與計劃的啟動。他在激勵教職員和學生在研究和學術上卓越的創新想法，以及將這些想法通過科學精神和態度傳遞給有需要的人，都是獨特而卓越的。Sobti教授不僅灌輸了科學和科學觀點在個人和社會發展中的重要性，還積極宣傳並提高對科學和技術進步濫用所帶來的負面影響的認識。他以身作則，親自採取措施，通過成功實施多項社會相關和有意義的倡議，使校園環境變得有利、安全和健康。
Sobti教授在每個領域都超越了職責的要求，無論是他的創新想法、持續鼓勵，還是針對社會全面發展的迅速行動。
R.C. Sobti教授是活力、協同、積極性、創造力和發展的化身。他融合了傳統和現代的最佳元素，以塑造一個充滿活力的今天，這對於創造偉大的未來至關重要。他是善良、勤奮和團結的典範，是一位積極的研究者和科學普及的完美主角，能夠引領一個龐大的社群走向發展和進步的國家。
