Object Tracking Technology: Trends, Challenges and Applications

With the increase in urban population, it became necessary to keep track of the object of interest. In favor of SDGs for sustainable smart city, with the advancement in technology visual tracking extends to track multi-target present in the scene rather estimating location for single target only. In contrast to single object tracking, multi-target introduces one extra step of detection. Tracking multi-target includes detecting and categorizing the target into multiple classes in the first frame and provides each individual target an ID to keep its track in the subsequent frames of a video stream. One category of multi-target algorithms exploits global information to track the target of the detected target. On the other hand, some algorithms consider present and past information of the target to provide efficient tracking solutions. Apart from these, deep leaning-based algorithms provide reliable and accurate solutions. But, these algorithms are computationally slow when applied in real-time. This book presents and summarizes the various visual tracking algorithms and challenges in the domain. The various feature that can be extracted from the target and target saliency prediction is also covered. It explores a comprehensive analysis of the evolution from traditional methods to deep learning methods, from single object tracking to multi-target tracking. In addition, the application of visual tracking and the future of visual tracking can also be introduced to provide the future aspects in the domain to the reader. This book also discusses the advancement in the area with critical performance analysis of each proposed algorithm. This book will be formulated with intent to uncover the challenges and possibilities of efficient and effective tracking of single or multi-object, addressing the various environmental and hardware challenges.
The intended audience includes academicians, engineers, postgraduate students, developers, professionals, military personals, scientists, data analysts, practitioners, and people who are interested in exploring more about tracking.- Another projected audience are the researchers and academicians who identify and develop methodologies, frameworks, tools, and applications through reference citations, literature reviews, quantitative/qualitative results, and discussions.

隨著城市人口的增加，追蹤感興趣的物體變得必要。為了支持可持續智慧城市的可持續發展目標，隨著技術的進步，視覺追蹤擴展到追蹤場景中的多個目標，而不僅僅是估計單個目標的位置。與單個目標追蹤相比，多目標追蹤引入了一個額外的檢測步驟。多目標追蹤包括在第一幀中檢測和分類目標，並為每個個體目標提供一個ID，以在後續幀的視頻流中保持其軌跡。多目標算法的一類利用全局信息來追蹤檢測到的目標。另一方面，一些算法考慮目標的現在和過去信息，提供高效的追蹤解決方案。除此之外，基於深度學習的算法提供可靠和準確的解決方案。但是，這些算法在實時應用時計算速度較慢。本書介紹和總結了各種視覺追蹤算法和該領域的挑戰。還涵蓋了從目標中提取的各種特徵和目標显著性預測。它探討了從傳統方法到深度學習方法的演進，從單個目標追蹤到多目標追蹤。此外，還可以介紹視覺追蹤的應用和未來發展，以向讀者提供該領域的未來方向。本書還討論了該領域的進展，並對每個提出的算法進行了關鍵性能分析。本書旨在揭示單個或多個物體高效追蹤的挑戰和可能性，並解決各種環境和硬件挑戰。目標讀者包括學者、工程師、研究生、開發人員、專業人士、軍事人員、科學家、數據分析師、從業人員以及對追蹤有興趣的人。另一個預期的受眾是研究人員和學者，他們通過參考引文、文獻回顧、定量/定性結果和討論來確定和開發方法論、框架、工具和應用。

Dr. Ashish Kumar, Ph.D., is working as an assistant professor with Bennett University, Greater Noida, U.P., India. He has completed his Ph.D. in computer science and engineering from Delhi Technological University (formerly DCE), New Delhi, India in 2020. He has received best researcher award from the Delhi Technological University for his contribution in the computer vision domain. He has completed M.Tech in computer Science and engineering from GGS Indraprastha University, New Delhi. He has published many research papers in various reputed national and international journals and conferences. His current research interests include object tracking, image processing, artificial intelligence, and medical imaging analysis.

Dr. Rachna Jain, currently working as Associate Professor (IT Department) in Bhagwan Parshuram Institute of Technology (GGSIPU) since Aug 2021. She did her PHD from Banasthali Vidyapith (Computer Science) in 2017.She received ME degree in year 2011 from Delhi college of engineering (Delhi University) with specialization in Computer Technology and Applications. Her current research interests are Cloud Computing, Fuzzy Logic, Network and information security, Swarm Intelligence, Big Data and IoT, Deep Learning and Machine Learning. She has contributed with more than 20 book chapters in various books. She has also served as Session Chair in various International Conferences. She completed DST Project titled "Design an autonomous intelligent drone for city surveillance" as CO-PI. A total of 16+ Years of Academic / Research Experience with more than 100+ Publications in various National, International Conferences cum International Journals (Scopus/ISI/SCI) of High Repute.

Dr. V. Ajantha Devi is working as a Research head in AP3 Solutions, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. She received her PhD from University of Madras in 2015. She has worked as Project Fellow under UGC Major Research Project. She is a Senior Member of IEEE. She has been certified as "Microsoft Certified Application Developer" (MCAD) and "Microsoft Certified Technical Specialist" (MCTS) from Microsoft Corp. She has more than 40 papers in international journals and conference proceedings to her credit. She has written, co-authored, and edited a number of books in the field of Computer science with international and national publishers like Elsevier, Springer., etc. Associated as a member of the Program Committee/Technical Committee/ Chair/ Review Board for a variety of international conferences. She has five Australian Patents and one Indian Patent to her credit in the area of Artificial Intelligence, Image Processing and Medical Imaging. Her work in Image Processing, Signal Processing, Pattern Matching, and Natural Language Processing is based on artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning techniques. She has won many Best paper presentation awards as well as a few research-oriented international awards.

Dr. Anand Nayyar received Ph.D (Computer Science) from Desh Bhagat University in 2017 in the area of Wireless Sensor Networks, Swarm Intelligence and Network Simulation. He is currently working in School of Computer Science-Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam as Professor, Scientist, Vice-Chairman (Research) and Director- IoT and Intelligent Systems Lab. A Certified Professional with 125+ Professional certificates from CISCO, Microsoft, Amazon, EC-Council, Oracle, Google, Beingcert, EXIN, GAQM, Cyberoam and many more. Published more than 150+ Research Papers in various High-Quality ISI-SCI/SCIE/SSCI Impact Factor Journals cum Scopus/ESCI indexed Journals, 70+ Papers in International Conferences indexed with Springer, IEEE and ACM Digital Library, 40+ Book Chapters in various SCOPUS/WEB OF SCIENCE Indexed Books with Springer, CRC Press, Wiley, IET, Elsevier with Citations: 9000+, H-Index: 50 and I-Index: 175. Member of more than 60+ Associations as Senior and Life Member including IEEE, ACM. He has authored/co-authored cum Edited 50+ Books of Computer Science. Associated with more than 500+ International Conferences as Programme Committee/Chair/Advisory Board/Review Board member. He has 18 Australian Patents, 4 German Patents, 2 Japanese Patents, 11 Indian Design cum Utility Patents, 1 USA Patent, 3 Indian Copyrights and 2 Canadian Copyrights to his credit in the area of Wireless Communications, Artificial Intelligence, Cloud Computing, IoT and Image Processing. Awarded 39 Awards for Teaching and Research--Young Scientist, Best Scientist, Best Senior Scientist, Asia Top 50 Academicians and Researchers, Young Researcher Award, Outstanding Researcher Award, Excellence in Teaching, Best Senior Scientist Award, DTU Best Professor and Researcher Award- 2019, 2020-2021, 2022 and many more. He is listed in Top 2% Scientists as per Stanford University (2020, 2021, 2022). He has been indexed in Research.com (D-Index: 31 and Viet Nam Rank:2) in area of Computer Science. He is acting as Associate Editor for Wireless Networks (Springer), Computer Communications (Elsevier), International Journal of Sensor Networks (IJSNET) (Inderscience), Frontiers in Computer Science, PeerJ Computer Science, Human Centric Computing and Information Sciences (HCIS), Tech Science Press- CSSE, IASC, IET-Quantum Communications, IET Wireless Sensor Systems, IET Networks, IJDST, IJISP, IJCINI, IJGC, IJSIR. He is acting as Editor-in-Chief of IGI-Global, USA Journal titled "International Journal of Smart Vehicles and Smart Transportation (IJSVST)". He has reviewed more than 4000+ Articles for diverse Web of Science and Scopus Indexed Journals. He is currently researching in the area of Wireless Sensor Networks, Internet of Things, Swarm Intelligence, Cloud Computing, Artificial Intelligence, Drones, Blockchain, Cyber Security, Healthcare Informatics, Big Data and Wireless Communications.

Dr. Ashish Kumar博士是印度北方邦大學（Bennett University）的助理教授，位於Greater Noida, U.P.。他於2020年從德里工業大學（Delhi Technological University，前身為DCE）獲得計算機科學和工程博士學位。他因在計算機視覺領域的貢獻而獲得德里工業大學的最佳研究員獎。他在新德里的GGS Indraprastha大學獲得計算機科學和工程碩士學位。他在多個國內外知名期刊和會議上發表了許多研究論文。他目前的研究興趣包括物體追蹤、圖像處理、人工智能和醫學影像分析。

Dr. Rachna Jain博士目前在Bhagwan Parshuram Institute of Technology（GGSIPU）擔任副教授（IT部門），自2021年8月起。她於2017年從Banasthali Vidyapith（計算機科學）獲得博士學位。她於2011年從德里工程學院（德里大學）獲得計算機技術和應用專業的碩士學位。她目前的研究興趣包括雲計算、模糊邏輯、網絡和信息安全、群體智能、大數據和物聯網、深度學習和機器學習。她在各種書籍中撰寫、合著和編輯了超過20個章節。她還在各種國際會議上擔任過會議主席。她作為共同負責人完成了名為“設計城市監控的自主智能無人機”的DST項目。在高聲譽的國內外國家、國際會議和期刊（Scopus/ISI/SCI）上發表了100多篇論文，擁有16年以上的學術/研究經驗。

Dr. V. Ajantha Devi博士目前在印度泰米爾納德邦金奈的AP3 Solutions擔任研究主管。她於2015年從馬德拉斯大學獲得博士學位。她曾在UGC主要研究項目下擔任項目研究員。她是IEEE的高級會員。她獲得了微軟公司的“Microsoft Certified Application Developer”（MCAD）和“Microsoft Certified Technical Specialist”（MCTS）認證。她在國際期刊和會議論文中發表了40多篇論文。她在計算機科學領域的國際和國內出版商如Elsevier、Springer等撰寫、合著和編輯了多本書籍。她是各種國際會議的程序委員會/技術委員會/主席/審稿委員會的成員。她在人工智能、圖像處理和醫學影像領域擁有五項澳大利亞專利和一項印度專利。她在圖像處理、信號處理、模式匹配和自然語言處理方面的工作基於人工智能、機器學習和深度學習技術。她曾獲得多個最佳論文獎以及一些以研究為導向的國際獎項。

Dr. Anand Nayyar博士於2017年從Desh Bhagat大學獲得計算機科學博士學位，研究領域為無線傳感器網絡、群體智能和網絡模擬。他目前在越南岘港的Duy Tan大學計算機科學學院擔任教授、科學家、副主席（研究）和物聯網和智能系統實驗室主任。他擁有來自CISCO、Microsoft、Amazon、EC-Council、Oracle、Google、Beingcert、EXIN、GAQM、Cyberoam等的125多個專業證書。他在各種高質量的ISI-SCI/SCIE/SSCI影響因子期刊和Scopus/ESCI索引期刊上發表了150多篇研究論文，以及在Springer、IEEE和ACM Digital Library索引的國際會議上發表了70多篇論文，在Springer、CRC Press、Wiley、IET、Elsevier等SCOPUS/WEB OF SCIENCE索引的書籍中撰寫了40多個章節，引用次數為9000+，H指數為50，I指數為175。他是60多個協會的高級會員。