Quantum Computing Fundamentals (Paperback)

Chuck Easttom

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商品描述

ONE-VOLUME INTRODUCTION TO QUANTUM COMPUTING

  • Clearly explains core concepts, terminology, and techniques
  • Covers the foundational physics, math, and information theory you need
  • Provides hands-on practice with quantum programming
  • The perfect beginner’s guide for anyone interested in a quantum computing career

 

Dr. Chuck Easttom brings together complete coverage of basic quantum computing concepts, terminology, and issues, along with key skills to get you started.

 

Drawing on 30+ years as a computer science instructor, consultant, and researcher, Easttom demystifies the field’s underlying technical concepts and math, shows how quantum computing systems are designed and built, explains their implications for cyber security, and previews advances in quantum-resistant cryptography. Writing clearly and simply, he introduces two of today’s leading quantum programming languages, Microsoft Q# and QASM, and guides you through sample projects. Throughout, tests, projects, and review questions help you deepen and apply your knowledge.

 

Whether you’re a student, professional, or manager, this guide will prepare you for the quantum computing revolution--and expand your career options, too.

 

- Master the linear algebra and other mathematical skills you’ll need
- Explore key physics ideas such as quantum states and uncertainty
- Review data structures, algorithms, and computing complexity
- Work with probability and set theory in quantum computing
- Familiarize yourself with basic quantum theory and formulae
- Understand quantum entanglement and quantum key distribution
- Discover how quantum computers are architected and built
- Explore several leading quantum algorithms
- Compare quantum and conventional asymmetric algorithms
- See how quantum computing might break traditional cryptography
- Discover several approaches to quantum-resistant cryptography
- Start coding with Q#, Microsoft’s quantum programming language
- Simulate quantum gates and algorithms with QASM

商品描述(中文翻譯)

量子計算的一卷式入門


  • 清楚解釋核心概念、術語和技術

  • 涵蓋基礎物理、數學和資訊理論

  • 提供量子編程的實踐經驗

  • 對於任何對量子計算職業感興趣的初學者來說,這是完美的入門指南

 

Chuck Easttom博士匯集了基本量子計算概念、術語和問題的完整內容,以及讓您入門所需的關鍵技能。

 

Easttom以30多年的計算機科學教師、顧問和研究人員的經驗,對該領域的基礎技術概念和數學進行了解說,展示了量子計算系統的設計和構建方式,解釋了它們對網絡安全的影響,並預覽了量子抗攻擊加密的進展。他以清晰簡單的方式介紹了當今兩種領先的量子編程語言,Microsoft Q#和QASM,並引導您完成示例項目。在整個過程中,測試、項目和複習問題幫助您加深和應用您的知識。

 

無論您是學生、專業人士還是經理,本指南都將為您準備量子計算革命,並擴大您的職業選擇。

 

- 掌握您所需的線性代數和其他數學技能

- 探索量子狀態和不確定性等重要物理概念

- 審查數據結構、算法和計算複雜性

- 在量子計算中使用概率和集合理論

- 熟悉基本的量子理論和公式

- 理解量子糾纏和量子密鑰分發

- 了解量子計算機的架構和構建方式

- 探索幾種領先的量子算法

- 比較量子和傳統的非對稱算法

- 看看量子計算如何破解傳統的加密方法

- 探索幾種抗量子攻擊的加密方法

- 開始使用Q#,Microsoft的量子編程語言

- 使用QASM模擬量子門和算法

作者簡介

Dr. Chuck Easttom is the author of 31 books, including several on computer security, forensics, and cryptography. His books are used at more than 60 universities. He has also authored scientific papers (more than 70 so far) on digital forensics, cyber warfare, cryptography, and applied mathematics. He is an inventor with 22 computer science patents. He holds a Doctor of Science in cyber security (dissertation topic: a study of lattice-based cryptographic algorithms for post-quantum computing). He also has a Ph.D. in Technology, focusing on nanotechnology (dissertation title: "The Effects of Complexity on Carbon Nanotube Failures") and a Ph.D. in Computer Science (dissertation title: "On the Application of Graph Theory to Digital Forensics"). He also has three master's degrees (one in applied computer science, one in education, and one in systems engineering). He is a senior member of the IEEE and a senior member of the ACM (Association of Computing Machinery) as well as a member of IACR (International Association of Cryptological Research) and INCOSE (International Council on Systems Engineering). He is also a distinguished speaker of the ACM and a distinguished visitor of the IEEE Computer Society. He currently is an adjunct lecturer for Georgetown University.

作者簡介(中文翻譯)

Dr. Chuck Easttom是31本書的作者,其中包括幾本關於電腦安全、鑑識和密碼學的書籍。他的書籍在60多所大學中使用。他還撰寫了科學論文(迄今為止超過70篇),涉及數字鑑識、網絡戰爭、密碼學和應用數學。他是一位擁有22項計算機科學專利的發明家。他擁有一個博士學位,專攻網絡安全(論文題目:後量子計算的基於格的密碼算法研究)。他還擁有一個技術博士學位,專注於納米技術(論文題目:“複雜性對碳納米管失效的影響”),以及一個計算機科學博士學位(論文題目:“圖論在數字鑑識中的應用”)。他還擁有三個碩士學位(應用計算機科學、教育和系統工程各一個)。他是IEEE的高級會員,也是ACM(計算機協會)的高級會員,還是IACR(國際密碼學研究協會)和INCOSE(國際系統工程委員會)的成員。他還是ACM的傑出演講者和IEEE計算機協會的傑出訪問學者。他目前是喬治城大學的兼職講師。

目錄大綱

Preface xvii

 

Part I Preparatory Material

 

Chapter 1: Introduction to Essential Linear Algebra 2

 

    1.1 What Is Linear Algebra?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

 

    1.2 Some Basic Algebra.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

 

    1.3 Matrix Math.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

 

    1.4 Vectors and Vector Spaces.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

 

    1.5 Set Theory.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

 

    1.6 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

 

    Test Your Skills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

 

Chapter 2: Complex Numbers 32

 

    2.1 What Are Complex Numbers?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

 

    2.2 Algebra of Complex Numbers.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

 

    2.3 Complex Numbers Graphically.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

 

    2.4 Vector Representations of Complex Numbers.. . . . . . . . . . 45

 

    2.5 Pauli Matrices.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

 

    2.6 Transcendental Numbers.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

 

    2.7 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

 

Chapter 3: Basic Physics for Quantum Computing 60

 

    3.1 The Journey to Quantum.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

 

    3.2 Quantum Physics Essentials.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

 

    3.3 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

 

    Test Your Skills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

 

Chapter 4: Fundamental Computer Science for Quantum Computing 80

 

    4.1 Data Structures.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

 

    4.2 Algorithms.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

 

    4.3 Computational Complexity.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

 

    4.4 Coding Theory.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

 

    4.5 Logic Gates.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

 

    4.6 Computer Architecture.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

 

    4.7 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

 

    Test Your Skills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

 

Chapter 5: Basic Information Theory 106

 

    5.1 Basic Probability.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

 

    5.2 Set Theory.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

 

    5.3 Information Theory.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

 

    5.4 Quantum Information.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

 

    5.5 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

 

    Test Your Skills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

 

Part II Basic Quantum Computing

 

Chapter 6: Basic Quantum Theory 122

 

    6.1 Further with Quantum Mechanics.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

 

    6.2 Quantum Decoherence.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

 

    6.3 Quantum Electrodynamics.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

 

    6.4 Quantum Chromodynamics.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

 

    6.5 Feynman Diagram.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

 

    6.6 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

 

    Test Your Skills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

 

Chapter 7: Quantum Entanglement and QKD 138

 

    7.1 Quantum Entanglement.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

 

    7.2 Interpretation.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

 

    7.3 QKE.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

 

    7.4 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

 

    Test Your Skills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

 

Chapter 8: Quantum Architecture 154

 

    8.1 Further with Qubits.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

 

    8.2 Quantum Gates.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

 

    8.3 More with Gates.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

 

    8.4 Quantum Circuits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

 

    8.5 The D-Wave Quantum Architecture.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

 

    8.6 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

 

    Test Your Skills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

 

Chapter 9: Quantum Hardware 174

 

    9.1 Qubits.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

 

    9.2 How Many Qubits Are Needed?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

 

    9.3 Addressing Decoherence.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

 

    9.4 Topological Quantum Computing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

 

    9.5 Quantum Essentials.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

 

    9.6 Quantum Networking.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

 

    9.7 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

 

    Test Your Skills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

 

Chapter 10: Quantum Algorithms 194

 

    10.1 What Is an Algorithm?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

 

    10.2 Deutsch’s Algorithm.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

 

    10.3 Deutsch-Jozsa Algorithm.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

 

    10.4 Bernstein-Vazirani Algorithm.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

 

    10.5 Simon’s Algorithm.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202

 

    10.6 Shor’s Algorithm.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

 

    10.7 Grover’s Algorithm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

 

    10.8 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

 

    Test Your Skills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

 

Part III Quantum Computing and Cryptography

 

Chapter 11: Current Asymmetric Algorithms 212

 

    11.1 RSA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

 

    11.2 Diffie-Hellman.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

 

    11.3 Elliptic Curve.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

 

    11.4 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227

 

    Test Your Skills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227

 

Chapter 12: The Impact of Quantum Computing on Cryptography 228

 

    12.1 Asymmetric Cryptography.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

 

    12.2 Specific Algorithms.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

 

    12.3 Specific Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

 

    12.3.1 Digital Certificates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

 

    12.3.2 SSL/TLS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

 

    12.4 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

 

    Test Your Skills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

 

Chapter 13: Lattice-based Cryptography 244

 

    13.1 Lattice-Based Mathematical Problems.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

 

    13.2 Cryptographic Algorithms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

 

    13.3 Solving Lattice Problems.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256

 

    13.4 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259

 

    Test Your Skills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259

 

Chapter 14: Multivariate Cryptography 262

 

    14.1 Mathematics.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

 

    14.2 Matsumoto-Imai.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264

 

    14.3 Hidden Field Equations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266

 

    14.4 Multivariate Quadratic Digital Signature Scheme (MQDSS).. . . . 268

 

    14.5 SFLASH.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269

 

    14.6 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

 

    Test Your Skills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

 

Chapter 15: Other Approaches to Quantum Resistant Cryptography 274

 

    15.1 Hash Functions.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

 

    15.2 Code-Based Cryptography.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

 

    15.3 Supersingular Isogeny Key Exchange.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

 

    15.4 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

 

    Test Your Skills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

 

Part IV Quantum Programming

 

Chapter 16: Working with Q# 292

 

    16.1 Basic Programming Concepts.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

 

    16.2 Getting Started with Q#.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298

 

    16.3 Grover’s Algorithm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303

 

    16.4 Deutsch-Jozsa Algorithm.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307

 

    16.5 Bit Flipping.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310

 

    16.6 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

 

    Test Your Skills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

 

Chapter 17: Working with QASM 314

 

    17.1 Basic Programming Concepts.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315

 

    17.2 Getting Started with QASM.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319

 

    17.3 Quantum Error Correction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320

 

    17.4 Grover’s Algorithm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322

 

    17.5 Deutsch-Jozsa Algorithm.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326

 

    17.6 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328

 

    Test Your Skills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328

 

Appendix: Answers to Test Your Skills Questions 330

目錄大綱(中文翻譯)

前言 xvii

第一部分:預備材料

第一章:基礎線性代數介紹 2

1.1 什麼是線性代數?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

1.2 一些基本代數.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

1.3 矩陣運算.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

1.4 向量和向量空間.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

1.5 集合論.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

1.6 總結.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

測試你的技能.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

第二章:複數 32

2.1 什麼是複數?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

2.2 複數的代數.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

2.3 複數的圖形表示.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

2.4 複數的向量表示.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

2.5 Pauli 矩陣.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

2.6 超越數.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

2.7 總結.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

第三章:量子計算的基礎物理學 60

3.1 通往量子的旅程.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

3.2 量子物理的基本要素.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

3.3 總結.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

測試你的技能.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

第四章:量子計算的基礎計算機科學 80

4.1 數據結構.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

4.2 算法.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

4.3 計算複雜性.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

4.4 編碼理論.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

4.5 邏輯閘.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

4.6 計算機架構.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

4.7 總結.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

測試你的技能.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

第五章:基礎資訊理論 106

5.1 基本概率.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

5.2 集合論.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

5.3 資訊理論.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

5.4 量子資訊.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

5.5 總結.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

測試你的技能.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

第二部分:基礎量子計算

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