Web Protocols and Practice: HTTP/1.1, Networking Protocols, Caching, and Traffic (Paperback)
Balachander Krishnamurthy, Jennifer Rexford
- 出版商: Addison Wesley
- 出版日期: 2001-05-14
- 售價: $1,952
- 貴賓價: 9.5 折 $1,854
- 語言: 英文
- 頁數: 672
- 裝訂: Paperback
- ISBN: 0201710889
- ISBN-13: 9780201710885
-
相關分類:
HTTP
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商品描述
Description
Web Protocols and Practice: HTTP/1.1, Networking Protocols, Caching, and Traffic Measurement is an all-in-one reference to the core technologies underlying the World Wide Web. The book provides an authoritative and in-depth look at the systems and protocols responsible for the transfer of content across the Web. The HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is responsible for nearly three-quarters of the traffic in today's Internet. This book's extensive treatment of HTTP/1.1 and its interaction with other network protocols is an indispensable resource for students. This book details the evolution of and complete details of the basic building blocks of the Web. Beginning with an overview of Web software components, Web Protocols and Practice then describes the suite of protocols that form the semantic core of how content is delivered on the Web. The second half of the book examines Web measurement and workload characterization and presents a state-of-the-art report on Web caching and multimedia streaming. The book ends with a discussion of research perspectives to highlight topics that may impact the future evolution of the Web.
Features

Table Of Contents
I. GETTING STARTED.
The State of the Web.
Semantic Components of the Web.
HyperText Markup Language (HTML).
HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
Terms and Concepts.
Software Components.
Underlying Network.
Standardization.
Web.
Web Applications.
Topics Not Covered.
Tour Through the Book.
II. WEB SOFTWARE COMPONENTS.
Evolution of the browser.
Web-related browser functions.
Issuing a request from a browser.
Browser caching.
Request message headers.
Response handling.
Browser configuration.
Semantic choices.
Configuring browser for non-protocol functions.
Browser security issues.
Cookies.
Use of cookies in a browser.
User's control over cookies.
Privacy problems with cookies.
Spiders.
Spider client.
Use of spiders in search engines.
Intelligent agents and special-purpose browsers.
Special-purpose browsers.
Summary.
3. Web Proxies.
High-level classification of proxies.
Transparent proxy.
Proxy applications.
Caching responses.
Anonymizing clients.
Transforming requests and responses.
Gateway to non-HTTP systems.
Filtering requests and responses.
HTTP-related proxy roles.
Handling HTTP requests and responses.
Proxy as Web server.
Proxy as Web client.
Example use of a proxy.
Proxy chaining and hierarchies.
Proxy configuration.
Proxy privacy issues.
Other kinds of proxies.
Interception proxies.
Summary.
4. Web Servers.
Web Server.
Handling a Client Request.
Access Control.
Dynamically Generated Responses.
Creating and Using Cookies.
Sharing Information Across Requests.
Sharing Metadata Across Requests.
Server Architecture.
Process-Driven Server Architecture.
Hybrid Server Architecture.
Server Hosting.
Multiple Machines for a Single Web Site.
Case Study: Apache Web Server.
HTTP Request Processing.
Summary.
III. WEB PROTOCOLS.
IP Design Goals.
IP Addresses.
IP Header Details.
Transmission Control Protocol 0.
Ordered Reliable Byte Stream.
Opening and Closing a TCP Connection.
Sliding-Window Flow Control.
Retransmission of Lost Packets.
TCP Congestion Control.
TCP Header Details.
Domain Name System.
DNS Architecture.
DNS Protocol.
DNS Queries and the Web.
DNS-Based Web Server Load Balancing.
Application-Layer Protocols.
File Transfer Protocol.
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol.
The Network News Transfer Protocol.
Properties of Application-Layer Protocols.
Summary.
6. HTTP Protocol Design and Description.
Protocol infuences.
HTTP language elements.
HTTP/1.0 Request Methods.
HTTP/1.0 Headers.
HTTP/1.0 Response classes.
HTTP Extensibility.
SSL and Security.
HTTPS: Using SSL in Web exchanges.
Security in HTTP/1.0.
Protocol compliance and interoperability.
MUST, SHOULD, MAY requirement levels.
Summary.
7. HTTP/1.1 221.
Problems with HTTP/1.0 25.
New concepts in HTTP/1.1.
Methods, headers, response codes in 1.0 and 1.1.
Old and new headers.
Old and new response codes.
Caching.
Caching in HTTP/1.0.
Caching in HTTP/1.1.
Bandwidth optimization.
The Expect/Continue mechanism.
Compression.
Connection Management.
Evolution of HTTP/1.1 persistent connection mechanism.
The Connection header.
Pipelining on persistent connections.
Closing persistent connections.
Message transmission.
Extensibility.
Learning about intermediate servers.
Upgrading to other protocols.
Internet address conservation.
Content negotiation.
Security, authentication, and integrity.
Integrity.
The role of proxies in HTTP/1.1.
Syntactic requirements on an HTTP/1.1 proxy.
Semantic requirements on an HTTP/1.1 proxy.
Other miscellaneous changes.
Header-related miscellaneous changes.
Response-code-related miscellaneous changes.
Summary.
8. HTTP/TCP Interaction.
Slow-Start Restart.
The TIME WAIT State.
HTTP/TCP Layering.
Nagle's Algorithm.
Delayed Acknowledgments.
Multiplexing TCP Connections.
Problems with Parallel Connections.
Server Overheads.
Managing Multiple Connections.
Summary.
IV. MEASURING AND CHARACTERIZING WEB TRAFFIC.
Motivation for Web Hosting Companies.
Motivation for Network Operators.
Motivation for Web/Networking Researchers.
Measurement Techniques.
Proxy Logging.
Client Logging.
Packet Traces.
Active Measurement.
Proxy/Server Logs.
Extended Common Log Format (ECLF).
Preprocessing Measurement Data for Analysis.
Filtering Measurement Data.
Transforming Measurement Data.
Drawing Inferences From Measurement Data.
Ambiguous Client/Server Identity.
Inferring User Actions.
Detecting Resource Modifications.
Case Studies.
British Columbia Proxy Log Study.
Boston University Client Log Study.
AT&T Packet-Trace Study.
Summary.
10. Web Workload Characterization.
Selecting Workload Parameters.
Statistics and Probability Distributions.
Probability Distributions.
HTTP Message Characteristics.
HTTP Response Codes.
Web Resource Characteristics.
Resource Sizes.
Response Sizes.
Resource Popularity.
Resource Changes.
Temporal Locality.
Number of Embedded Resources.
User Behavior Characteristics.
Clicks per Session.
Request Interarrival Time.
Applying Workload Models.
Validating the Workload Model.
Generating Synthetic Traffic.
User Privacy.
Information Available to Software Components.
Application of User-Level Data.
Summary.
V. WEB APPLICATIONS.
Why cache?
What is cacheable?
Content-speci_c considerations.
Where is caching done?
How is caching done?
Cache replacement and storing response in cache.
Returning a cached response.
Maintaining a cache.
Cache replacement.
Cache coherency.
Rate of change of resources.
Cache-related protocols.
Cache Array Resolution Protocol (CARP).
Cache Digest Protocol.
Web Cache Coordination Protocol (WCCP).
Cache software and hardware.
Caching hardware.
Impediments to caching.
Privacy issues in caching.
Caching versus replication.
Content distribution.
Content adaptation.
Summary.
12. Delivering Multimedia Streams.
Multimedia Streaming Applications.
Properties of Multimedia Applications.
Delivering Multimedia Content.
Limitations of IP Networks.
Multimedia-on-Demand Over HTTP.
Protocols for Multimedia Streaming.
Session Establishment.
Session Description.
Presentation Description.
Real Time Streaming Protocol.
RTSP Request Methods.
RTSP Headers.
RTSP Status Codes.
Summary.
VI. Research Perspectives.
Prevalidation.
The Piggybacking approach.
Server-driven invalidation.
End-to-end information exchange.
Proxy filters.
Volumes and Filters: Practical details.
Volume Construction Algorithms.
Evaluation of volume construction algorithms.
End-to-end information exchange summary.
Prefetching.
Connection Prefetching.
HTTP Prefetching.
Trade-offs in Prefetching.
Summary.
14. Research Perspectives in Measurement.
Capturing Packets.
Demultiplexing Packets.
Reconstructing the Ordered Stream.
Extracting HTTP Messages.
Generating HTTP Traces.
Analyzing Web Server Logs.
Transforming.
Publicly-Available Logs and Traces.
Measuring Multimedia Streams.
Multimedia Server Logs.
Packet Monitoring of Multimedia Streams.
Multi-Layer Packet Monitoring.
Summary.
15. Research Perspectives in Protocol Issues.
TCP Control Block Interdependence.
Integrated Congestion Management.
Adding a Differencing Mechanism to HTTP/1.1.
Evaluation of delta algorithms.
Deployment issues of delta mechanism in HTTP/1.1.
Status of adding delta mechanism to HTTP/1.1.
HTTP/1.1 Protocol compliance.
Testing compliance of clients and proxies.
Methodology of testing compliance.
PROCOW: A large scale compliance study.
Summary of protocol compliance.
End-to-end measurements to study Web performance.
Report on an end-to-end performance study.
Summary of end-to-end performance study.
Other extensions to HTTP.
WebDAV|Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning.
An HTTP Extension Framework.
Summary.
Bibliography.
Index. 0201710889T04062001
