Cinematography: Image Making for Cinematographers, Directors, and Videographers
暫譯: 攝影技術:為攝影師、導演和錄影師打造影像
Blain Brown
- 出版商: Focal Press
- 出版日期: 2002-10-23
- 售價: $1,960
- 貴賓價: 9.5 折 $1,862
- 語言: 英文
- 頁數: 303
- 裝訂: Paperback
- ISBN: 0240805003
- ISBN-13: 9780240805009
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商品描述
Description
Lavishly produced and illustrated, Cinematography covers the entire range of the profession. The book is not just a comprehensive guide to current professional practice; it goes beyond to explain the theory behind the practice, so you understand how the rules came about and when it's appropriate to break them. In addition, directors will benefit from the book's focus on the body of knowledge they should share with their Director of Photography. Cinematography presents the basics and beyond, employing clear explanations of standard practice together with substantial illustrations and diagrams to reveal the real world of film production. Recognizing that professionals know when to break the rules and when to abide by them, this book discusses many examples of fresh ideas and experiments in cinematography. Covering the most up-to-date information on the film/digital interface, new formats, the latest cranes and camera support and other equipment, it also illustrates the older tried and true methods
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION 1. FILMSPACE Cinematic technique Subjective and objective POV The building blocks of scenes Character shots The fine art of cheating The master scene method Transitions Coverage Plan scene Hitchcock 's rule Triple take or overlapping method Montage Conclusion:a mixture of techniques 2. VISUAL LANAGUAGE Design principles The three dimensional field Depth Forces of visual organization Film and video composition Basic composition rules for people 3. LENS LANGUAGE The lens and the frame Lens perspective Deep focus Compression of space Manipulating perspective Selective focus Image control 4. CAMERA DYNAMICS Motivation and invisible technique Types of moves Moving shots Camera mounting Dolly terminology Cranes Car shots Aerial shots Other types of camera mounts Steadicam Motion control 5. CINEMATIC CONTINUITY Types of continuity Continuity of content Continuity of movement Continuity of position Continuity of time The line What establishes the line? Screen direction Deliberately breaking the rules Reverse Cheating the turnaround Cutability Other issues in continuity Introductions Other editorial issues in shooting Jump cuts The six types of cuts 6. EXPOSURE Light as energy F/stop Exposure,ISO and lighting relationships Inverse square law and cosine law ISO speeds Light and film Densitometry Brightness perception Contrast Determining exposure The tools The Zone System The grey scale Place and fall Exposure and the camera 7. COLOR THEORY The nature of light Color perception The color wheel Hue,chroma and value Color mixing Complementary Advancing and retreating color Film and video colorspace Color harmonies &the interaction of color Color models Additive colors Subtractive colors The CIE color system Digital and electronic color 8. THE TOOLS OF LIGHTING HMI Xenons Carbon arcs Tungsten fresnels PARs HMI PARs Soft lights Color corrected fluorescents Cycs,strips,nooks and broads Chinese lanterns and spacelights Self contained crane rigs Lekos Balloon lights Portable units Day exteriors 9. LIGHTING AS STORYTELLING Origins of motion picture lighting Film noir Light as visual metaphor 10. CONTROLLING COLOR Color temperature Color balance of film Correcting light balance Light balancing filters Correcting off-color lights Stylistic choices in color control 11. OPTICS Physical basis of optics F/stop Focus Circle of confusion Depth-of-field How not to get more depth-of-field Hyperfocal distance Macrophotography Frazier lens and Revolution Lens tests 12. VIDEO AND HIGH DEFINITION Basics of video The video signal The waveform monitor and vectorscope SMPTE color bars The vectorscope Setting up a color monitor The PLUGE Camera white balance Analog and digital colorspace Digital video encoding Is it broadcast quality? Timecode and edgecode Video frame rate Drop-frame and non drop-frame Shooting High Def video 10 things to remember when shooting High Def Lighting for High Def video Shooting digital video Transferring video to film NTSC and 3:2 pulldown Prepping for telecine 13. IMAGE CONTROL Color printing Controlling color and contrast How flashing works Varicon Bleach bypass and other processes Skip bleach Exposure compensation in bleach-bypass Other techniques Cross processing Printing negative as interpositive Transfer from print Filter types Diffusion and effects filters Nets Contrast filters Conversion filters Using filters in black-and-white photography Polarizers Density filters 14. SET OPERATIONS The shot list The Director of Photography The team Camera crew Electricians Grips Set procedures TECHNICAL ISSUES Sun location with a compass Flicker Filming practical monitors Chroma key and Ultimatte Lighting for bluescreen/greenscreen Dimmers Working with strobes High speed photography Lighting for extreme close-up Underwater filming Effects Professional Formats Acknowledgments Bibliography Filmography Index
商品描述(中文翻譯)
描述
《攝影術》以奢華的製作和插圖涵蓋了這個職業的所有範疇。這本書不僅是當前專業實踐的綜合指南;它還進一步解釋了實踐背後的理論,讓你了解這些規則是如何形成的,以及何時適合打破它們。此外,導演將從書中對他們應與攝影指導分享的知識體系的重點中受益。《攝影術》介紹了基礎知識及其延伸,使用清晰的標準實踐解釋,並配以大量插圖和圖表,揭示電影製作的真實世界。這本書認識到專業人士知道何時打破規則以及何時遵守規則,討論了許多新穎的想法和攝影實驗的例子。涵蓋了有關電影/數位介面的最新資訊、新格式、最新的起重機和相機支撐及其他設備,還展示了舊有的經典方法。
目錄
引言
1. 電影空間
- 電影技術
- 主觀與客觀視角
- 場景的基本構建塊
- 角色鏡頭
- 欺騙的藝術
- 大師場景法
- 轉場
- 覆蓋
- 計劃場景
- 希區柯克的法則
- 三重拍攝或重疊法
- 蒙太奇
- 結論:技術的混合
2. 視覺語言
- 設計原則
- 三維場域
- 深度
- 視覺組織的力量
- 電影和視頻構圖
- 人物的基本構圖規則
3. 鏡頭語言
- 鏡頭與畫框
- 鏡頭透視
- 深焦
- 空間壓縮
- 操控透視
- 選擇性焦點
- 圖像控制
4. 相機動態
- 動機與隱形技術
- 移動類型
- 移動鏡頭
- 相機安裝
- Dolly術語
- 起重機
- 車輛鏡頭
- 空中鏡頭
- 其他類型的相機安裝
- Steadicam
- 動作控制
5. 電影連貫性
- 連貫性的類型
- 內容的連貫性
- 動作的連貫性
- 位置的連貫性
- 時間的連貫性
- 線條
- 什麼建立了線條?
- 螢幕方向
- 故意打破規則
- 反向
- 欺騙轉場
- 剪接性
- 連貫性的其他問題
- 引言
- 拍攝中的其他編輯問題
- 跳接
- 六種剪接類型
6. 曝光
- 光作為能量
- F/stop
- 曝光、ISO與照明關係
- 反平方定律與餘弦定律
- ISO速度
- 光與膠卷
- 密度測量
- 亮度感知
- 對比
- 確定曝光
- 工具
- 區域系統
- 灰階
- 曝光與相機
7. 顏色理論
- 光的本質
- 顏色感知
- 顏色輪
- 色相、色度與明度
- 顏色混合
- 互補色
- 前進與後退的顏色
- 電影與視頻顏色空間
- 顏色和諧與顏色的互動
- 顏色模型
- 加法顏色
- 減法顏色
- CIE顏色系統
- 數位與電子顏色
8. 照明工具
- HMI
- 氙氣燈
- 碳弧燈
- 騰訊燈
- PAR燈
- HMI PAR燈
- 軟燈
- 色彩校正的熒光燈
- Cycs、條燈、角燈與寬燈
- 中式燈籠與空間燈
- 自給自足的起重機裝置
- Lekos
- 氣球燈
- 便攜式單元
- 日間外景
9. 照明作為敘事
- 動畫電影照明的起源
- 黑色電影
- 光作為視覺隱喻
10. 控制顏色
- 色溫
- 電影的色彩平衡
- 校正光平衡
- 光平衡濾鏡
- 校正偏色燈光
- 顏色控制中的風格選擇
11. 光學
- 光學的物理基礎
- F/stop
- 專注
- 混淆圓
- 景深
- 如何不獲得更多的景深
- 超焦距
- 微距攝影
- Frazier鏡頭與Revolution鏡頭測試
12. 視頻與高清
- 視頻基礎
- 視頻信號
- 波形監視器與向量示波器
- SMPTE顏色條
- 向量示波器
- 設置顏色監視器
- PLUGE
- 相機白平衡
- 類比與數位顏色空間
- 數位視頻編碼
- 它是廣播品質嗎?
- 時間碼與邊碼
- 視頻幀率
- 丟幀與非丟幀
- 拍攝高清視頻
- 拍攝高清視頻時要記住的10件事
- 高清視頻的照明
- 拍攝數位視頻
- 將視頻轉換為膠卷
- NTSC與3:2拉下
- 為電視轉換做準備
13. 圖像控制
- 顏色印刷
- 控制顏色與對比
- 如何進行閃光
- Varicon
- 漂白旁路與其他過程
- 跳過漂白
- 漂白旁路中的曝光補償
- 其他技術
- 交叉處理
- 將負片印刷為正片
- 從印刷轉移
- 濾鏡類型
- 擴散與效果濾鏡
- 網狀濾鏡
- 對比濾鏡
- 轉換濾鏡
- 在黑白攝影中使用濾鏡
- 偏振濾鏡
- 密度濾鏡
14. 拍攝操作
- 鏡頭清單
- 攝影指導
- 團隊
- 攝影組
- 電工
- 握把
- 拍攝程序
- 技術問題
- 使用指南針定位太陽
- 閃爍
- 拍攝實用監視器
- 色度鍵與Ultimatte
- 藍幕/綠幕的照明
- 調光器
- 與閃光燈合作
- 高速攝影
- 極近拍攝的照明
- 水下拍攝
- 效果
- 專業格式
- 感謝
- 參考書目
- 電影書目
- 索引