Mechanical Bodies, Computational Minds: Artificial Intelligence from Automata to Cyborgs

Description:

Believing that the enterprise of constructing "artificial intelligence" transcends the bounds of any one discipline, the editors of Mechanical Bodies, Computational Minds have brought together researchers in AI and scholars in the humanities to reexamine the fundamental assumptions of both areas. The AI community, for example, could benefit from explorations of human intelligence and creativity by philosophers, psychologists, anthropologists, literary critics, and others, while analysis of AI's theoretical struggles and technical advances could yield insights into such traditional humanist concerns as the nature of rationality and the mind-body dichotomy.

The contributions include a continuation of the famous Hubert Dreyfus-Daniel Dennett debate over Kasparov's defeat by IBM's Deep Blue; Philip Agre's tracing of difficulties in AI research to the inherited tensions of Cartesian dualism; Evelyn Fox Keller's examination of the development of computer technology in relation to biology; Douglas Hofstadter's argument that thinking is more than the theorem-solving activities of AI; and Alison Adam's discussion of the implicitly male universal subject used in AI.

Stefano Franchi is Senior Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of Auckland.

Güven Güzeldere is Assistant Professor of Philosophy and Assistant Professor of Psychological and Brain Sciences at Duke University. He is coeditor (with Ned Block and Owen Flanagan) of The Nature of Consciousness: Philosophical and Scientific Debates (MIT Press, 1998) and a founding associate editor of Psyche: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on Consciousness.

 

Table of Contents:

Acknowledgments	vii
	Introduction	1
I	Introducing Artificial Intelligence: Past, Present, and Future
	Machinations of the Mind: Cybernetics and Artificial Intelligence from Automata to Cyborgs Stefano Franchi and Güven Güzeldere	15
II	In the Shadow of Artificial Intelligence: Automata, Cybernetics, and AI
	The Soul Gained and Lost: Artificial Intelligence as a Philosophical Project Philip E. Agre	153
	The Man-Machine and Artificial Intelligence Bruce Mazlish	175
	Marrying the Premodern to the Postmodern: Computers and Organisms after World War II Evelyn Fox Keller	203
	A Gallery of Monsters: Cybernetics and Self-Organization, 1940-1970 Andrew Pickering	229
III	Controversies of Artificial Intelligence: Critics and Defenders
	On Seeing A's and Seeing As Douglas R. Hofstadter	249
	Did Deep Blue's Win over Kasparov Prove That Artificial Intelligence Has Succeeded? A Debate Hubert L. Dreyfus and Daniel C. Dennett	265
	Machines and the Mental Fred Dretske	281
IV	The Light Side of Artificial Intelligence
	Dialogues with Colorful "Personalities" of Early AI Güven Güzeldere and Stefano Franchi	295
V	Artificial Intelligence Meets the Humanities: Epistemological Challenges
	The Hume Machine: Can Association Networks Do More Than Formal Rules? Bruno Latour and Geneviève Teil	307
	Knowing Subjects: AI from Feminist Philosophy Alison Adam	327
	Humans, Machines, and the Structure of Knowledge Harry M. Collins	345
	Swamped by the Updates: Expert Systems, Semioclasm, and Apeironic Education Michael L. Johnson	365
VI	Broader Conceptions of Artificial Intelligence
	Artificial Intelligence Research as Art Stephen Wilson	391
	Why AI Is Not a Science Maurizio Matteuzzi	409
	Dance Floor Blues: The Case for a Social AI Tom Burke	423
	The Epistemological and Philosophical Situation of Mind Technoscience Alain-Marc Rieu	453
	Phenomenology and Cognitive Science Serge Sharoff	471
	Artificial Intelligence and Theology: From Mythos to Logos and Back Anne Foerst	489
	Contributors	515
	Index	519

描述：
《機械身體，計算心靈》的編輯們相信建構「人工智慧」的企業超越了任何一個學科的範疇，因此他們聚集了人工智慧領域的研究人員和人文學科的學者，重新審視這兩個領域的基本假設。例如，人工智慧社群可以從哲學家、心理學家、人類學家、文學評論家等對人類智慧和創造力的探索中受益，而對人工智慧的理論困境和技術進展的分析則可以為傳統人文學科關注的理性本質和心靈-身體二分法提供洞察。

這些貢獻包括延續了著名的Hubert Dreyfus-Daniel Dennett關於Kasparov被IBM的Deep Blue擊敗的辯論；Philip Agre追溯了人工智慧研究中的困難與笛卡爾二元論的繼承張力；Evelyn Fox Keller考察了計算機技術發展與生物學的關係；Douglas Hofstadter主張思考不僅僅是人工智慧的定理求解活動；以及Alison Adam討論了人工智慧中隱含的男性普遍主體。

Stefano Franchi是奧克蘭大學哲學高級講師。

Güven Güzeldere是杜克大學哲學助理教授和心理學與腦科學助理教授。他是《意識的本質：哲學和科學辯論》（MIT Press，1998）的合編者（與Ned Block和Owen Flanagan合作），並是《Psyche：一本關於意識研究的跨學科期刊》的創始副編輯。

目錄：
致謝
引言
第一部分：介紹人工智慧：過去、現在和未來
心靈的機械：從自動機到半機械人的控制論和人工智慧
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