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商品描述
One of the most important challenges faced by Oracle database administrators
and Oracle developers is the need to tune SQL statements so that they execute
efficiently. Poorly tuned SQL statements are one of the leading causes of
substandard database performance and poor response time. SQL statements that
perform poorly result in frustration for users, and can even prevent a company
from serving its customers in a timely manner.
In this book, Mark Gurry
shares his in-depth knowledge of Oracle's SQL statement optimizers. Mark's
knowledge is the result of many hard-fought tuning battles during his many years
of providing Oracle tuning services to clients. Mark provides insights into the
workings of the rule-based optimizer that go well beyond what the rules tell
you. Mark also provides solutions to many common problems that occur with both
the rule-based and cost-based optimizers.
In addition to the specific
problem/solution scenarios for the optimizers, Mark provides a number of handy
SQL tuning tips. He discusses the various optimizer hints, telling you when they
can be used to good effect. Finally, Mark discusses the use of the DBMS_STATS
package to manage database statistics, and the use of outlines to specify
execution plans for SQL statements in third-party applications that you can't
otherwise modify.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The SQL Optimizers
Understanding the Rule-Based Optimizer
Understanding the Cost-Based Optimizer
Some Common Optimizer Misconceptions
Which Optimizer to Use?Rule-Based Optimizer Problems and Solutions
Problem 1: Incorrect Driving Table
Problem 2: Incorrect Index
Problem 3: Incorrect Driving Index
Problem 4: Using the ORDER BY Index and notthe WHERE IndexCost-Based Optimizer Problems and Solutions
Problem 1: The Skewness Problem
Problem 2: Analyzing with Wrong Data
Problem 3: Mixing the Optimizers in Joins
Problem 4: Choosing an Inferior Index
Problem 5: Joining Too Many Tables
Problem 6: Incorrect INIT.ORA Parameter SettingsProblems Common to Rule and Cost with Solutions
Problem 1: Statement Not Written for Indexes
Problem 2: Indexes Are Missing or Inappropriate
Problem 3: Use of Single-Column Index Merge
Problem 4: Misuse of Nested Loop, Sort Merge,or Hash Join
Problem 5: Misuse of IN, EXISTS, NOT IN, NOT EXISTS,or Table Joins
Problem 6: Unnecessary Sorts
Problem 7: Too Many Indexes on a Table
Problem 8: Use of OR Instead of UNION
Problem 9: Tables and Indexes with Many Deletes
Other Problems: Heavy Usage of Views
Other Problems: Joining Too Many TablesHandy SQL Tuning Tips
Identify Bad SQL
Identify Long-Running SQL Statements
Use DECODE for IF/ELSE Selection
Encourage Bind VariablesUsing SQL Hints
When Are Hints Ignored?
Using Hints in Views
Available HintsUsing DBMS_STATS to Manage Statistics
Using DBMS_STATS to Analyze Faster
Copying Statistics Using DBMS_STATS
Manipulating Statistics Using DBMS_STATS
Reverting to Previous StatisticsUsing Outlines for Consistent Execution Plans
Recording Outlines
Enabling Outlines
Managing Outlines
商品描述(中文翻譯)
Oracle資料庫管理員和開發人員面臨的最重要挑戰之一是調整SQL語句以實現高效執行。調整不良的SQL語句是導致資料庫性能不佳和響應時間長的主要原因之一。執行效能不佳的SQL語句會給用戶帶來挫折感,甚至可能阻礙公司及時為客戶提供服務。
在這本書中,Mark Gurry分享了他對Oracle SQL語句優化器的深入了解。這些知識是Mark多年來為客戶提供Oracle調優服務時通過多次激烈的調優戰鬥所積累的。Mark提供了超越規則的優化器運作的深入見解。他還提供了解決規則優化器和成本優化器常見問題的解決方案。
除了針對優化器的具體問題/解決方案場景外,Mark還提供了一些實用的SQL調優技巧。他討論了各種優化器提示,告訴您何時可以有效使用它們。最後,Mark討論了使用DBMS_STATS套件管理資料庫統計信息以及使用大綱為無法修改的第三方應用程序中的SQL語句指定執行計劃的方法。
目錄:
- 引言
- SQL優化器
- 理解基於規則的優化器
- 理解基於成本的優化器
- 一些常見的優化器誤解
- 如何選擇優化器
- 基於規則的優化器問題和解決方案
- 問題1:錯誤的驅動表
- 問題2:錯誤的索引
- 問題3:錯誤的驅動索引
- 問題4:使用ORDER BY索引而不是WHERE索引
- 基於成本的優化器問題和解決方案
- 問題1:偏斜問題
- 問題2:使用錯誤的數據進行分析
- 問題3:在連接中混合使用優化器
- 問題4:選擇次優的索引
- 問題5:連接過多的表
- 問題6:不正確的INIT.ORA參數設置
- 基於規則和成本的共同問題及解決方案
- 問題1:未為索引編寫語句
- 問題2:缺少或不適用的索引
- 問題3:使用單列索引合併
- 問題4:錯誤使用嵌套循環、排序合併或哈希連接
- 問題5:錯誤使用IN、EXISTS、NOT IN、NOT EXISTS或表連接
- 問題6:不必要的排序
- 問題7:表上有太多索引
- 問題8:使用OR而不是UNION
- 問題9:具有大量刪除的表和索引
- 其他問題:大量使用視圖