Wearable Brain-Computer Interfaces: Prototyping Eeg-Based Instruments for Monitoring and Control

This book presents a complete overview of the main EEG-based Brain-Computer paradigms and the related practical solutions for their design, prototyping, and testing. Readers will explore active, reactive, and passive BCI paradigms, with an emphasis on the operation for developing solutions, addressing the need for customization.

Readers will familiarize themselves with the main steps for the realization of low-cost wearable BCI which include identification of the most suitable neuro signals for a specific application, definition of the hardware, firmware, and software, with a focus on wearable, non-invasive, and low-cost solutions, development of algorithms for data processing and classification, and lastly, experimental campaigns for the validation of the prototyped solutions. BCI systems based on electroencephalography (EEG) are investigated and a complete overview on all BCI paradigms is offered. The aim of this book is to drive the reader, from the beginning to the end, along a research-and-development process of a working BCI prototype.

This book is a guide for designers, biomedical engineers, students, biotechnologists, and those in the biomedical instrumentation filed that would like to conceive, design, prototype and test an innovative low-cost wearable EEG-based BCI.

本書提供了主要基於腦電圖（EEG）的腦-電腦界面（BCI）範式及相關實用解決方案的完整概述，包括其設計、原型製作和測試。讀者將探索主動、反應和被動的BCI範式，並著重於開發解決方案的操作，以滿足定制化需求。

讀者將熟悉實現低成本可穿戴式BCI的主要步驟，包括確定特定應用的最適神經信號、定義硬件、韌體和軟件，專注於可穿戴、非侵入性和低成本解決方案，開發用於數據處理和分類的算法，最後，進行用於驗證原型解決方案的實驗活動。本書探討基於腦電圖（EEG）的BCI系統，並提供了所有BCI範式的完整概述。本書的目的是引導讀者從頭到尾完成一個工作中的BCI原型的研究和開發過程。

本書是設計師、生物醫學工程師、學生、生物技術人員以及生物醫學儀器領域的從業人員的指南，他們希望構思、設計、製作和測試一個創新的低成本可穿戴式基於腦電圖（EEG）的BCI。

Pasquale Arpaia earned a master's degree and PhD in Electrical Engineering at University of Napoli Federico II (Italy), where he is a professor of Instrumentation and Measurements. He is Head of the Instrumentation and Measurement for Particle Accelerators Laboratory (IMPALab) and the Augmented Reality for Health Monitoring Laboratory (ARHeMlab). He is Team Leader at European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) and Deputy Chairman of the Interdepartmental Center for Research on Management and Innovation of Health (CIRMIS), Head of the Hi-Tech Academic FabLab Unina DIETI and Chairman of the Stage Project of the University Federico II. He was also a professor at University of Sannio, associate at Institutes of Engines and Biomedical Engineering of CNR, and now of INFN Section of Naples. Currently, he is an Associate Editor of the Institute of Physics Journal of Instrumentation, Elsevier Journal Computer Standards & Interfaces, MDPI Instruments, and in the past also of IEEE Transactions on Electronics Packaging and Manufacturing. He was Editor at Momentum Press of the Book Collection "Emerging Technologies in Measurements, Instrumentation, and Sensors". He continuously serves as organizing and scientific committee member in IEEE and IMEKO Conferences. He is plenary speaker in several scientific conferences. His main research interests include instrumentation and measurement for magnets, advanced materials, beam, superconductors, power converters. and cryogenics of particle accelerators, biomedical instrumentation, Augmented Reality, Brain Computer Interfaces, evolutionary diagnostics, distributed measurement systems, ADC modelling and testing. In these fields, he published 3 books, several book chapters, and about 300 scientific papers in journals and national and international conference proceedings.

Antonio Esposito was born in 1993. He received a master's degree in Electronic Engineering from the University of Naples Federico II in 2017 and a Ph.D. in Metrology in 2022 from the Politecnico di Torino. His main research activities focus on the measurement of electroencephalographic signals in wearable brain-computer interfaces. He has been working with visually evoked potentials elicited through smart glasses and he participated in the development of a BCI prototype addressed to both industry and healthcare applications. He is currently studying extended reality applications exploiting either evoked or spontaneous brain activity.

Ludovica Gargiulo received a M.S. Degree (cum laude) in Biomedical Engineering at the University of Naples Federico II in 2020. She is currently a Ph.D. student in Information and Communication Technology at the University of Naples Federico II. Her research interests include "Brain-Computer Interfaces" for daily-life applications and biosignal measurement and processing for biomedical applications with a focus on Evoked-Related Potential elicited by cognitive tasks.

Nicola Moccaldi received a M.A. degree in Communication Science at the University of Salerno, the M.Sc. degree in Electronic Engineering and a Ph.D. in Information Technologies and Electrical Engineering at the University of Naples Federico II. Currently he is Senior Researcher of ARHeMLab of DIETI Excellence Department (Laboratory of Augmented Reality for Health Monitoring). His research interests include biomedical instrumentation and measurement. In this field, he published several scientific papers in journals and national and international conference proceedings.

Pasquale Arpaia在那不勒斯聯邦第二大學（意大利）獲得了電氣工程碩士學位和博士學位，他是該校儀器和測量學教授。他是粒子加速器儀器和測量實驗室（IMPALab）和擴增實境健康監測實驗室（ARHeMlab）的負責人。他是歐洲核子研究組織（CERN）的團隊負責人，也是健康管理和創新研究的跨部門中心（CIRMIS）的副主席，還是那不勒斯大學DIETI高科技學術FabLab Unina的負責人，以及那不勒斯大學Federico II的舞台項目主席。他曾是桑尼奧大學的教授，也是CNR引擎和生物醫學工程研究所的副研究員，現在是那不勒斯INFN部門的成員。目前，他是物理學院《儀器學期刊》、愛思唯爾《計算標準和接口》、MDPI《儀器》的副編輯，過去還是《IEEE電子封裝和製造交易》的副編輯。他曾是Momentum Press的《測量、儀器和傳感器新興技術》圖書系列的編輯。他一直在IEEE和IMEKO會議的組織和科學委員會中擔任成員。他是多個科學會議的主題演講嘉賓。他的主要研究興趣包括磁鐵、先進材料、束流、超導體、粒子加速器的功率轉換器和低溫學的儀器和測量，生物醫學儀器，擴增實境，腦機接口，演化診斷，分佈式測量系統，ADC建模和測試。在這些領域，他出版了3本書，幾篇書章，以及約300篇發表在期刊和國際會議論文集中的科學論文。

Antonio Esposito於1993年出生。他於2017年獲得那不勒斯聯邦第二大學的電子工程碩士學位，並於2022年在都靈理工大學獲得計量學博士學位。他的主要研究活動集中在可穿戴腦機接口中的腦電圖信號測量。他一直在使用智能眼鏡引發的視覺誘發電位方面進行研究，並參與開發了一個針對工業和醫療應用的BCI原型。他目前正在研究利用誘發或自發腦活動的擴展現實應用。

Ludovica Gargiulo於2020年在那不勒斯聯邦第二大學獲得生物醫學工程碩士學位（優等），目前是該校信息和通信技術博士生。她的研究興趣包括日常生活應用的腦機接口和生物醫學應用的生物信號測量和處理，重點是認知任務引發的誘發相關電位。

Nicola Moccaldi在薩萊諾大學獲得傳播科學碩士學位，並在那不勒斯聯邦第二大學獲得電子工程碩士學位和信息技術與電氣工程博士學位。目前，他是那不勒斯大學DIETI卓越部門（擴增實境健康監測實驗室）的高級研究員。他的研究興趣包括生物醫學儀器和測量。在這個領域，他在期刊和國際會議論文集中發表了幾篇科學論文。