An Artistic Approach to Virtual Reality

Interlaced within a survey of artists whose works fit in the boundary of the interactive virtual medium, this book teases out what qualifies as interactive virtual artworks; it covers the theories behind basic mechanics required to enter the virtual reality space; and it investigates theories around visual and embodied conceptual space.

在探討藝術家作品如何符合互動虛擬媒體範疇的調查中，本書揭示了什麼樣的作品可以被視為互動虛擬藝術品；它涵蓋了進入虛擬現實空間所需的基本機制背後的理論；並探討了關於視覺和具體概念空間的理論。

Cyane Tornatzky

Digital immigrant Cyane Tornatzky received her Masters of Fine Art in new media in San Francisco State University's Conceptual and Information Arts program. In 2015, she started the Electronic Art program within the Department of Art and Art History at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, Colorado. As part of her coursework, Tornatzky teaches an art game class that starts with students creating board games and ends with them crafting digital art games, some in VR. As a CoPI for a virtual reality project with her colleagues in Veterinary Sciences at CSU, Tornatzky is Creative Director for a team developing a virtual reality training application for veterinarians. The application is a digital twin and has been released on Steam as a simulation game. Tornatzky is also on a research project with a colleague from Computer Science at CSU investing interfaces for a virtual reality sketching tool. Tornatzky is a visiting faculty member for the Richardson Design Center's Design Thinking: Graduate Certificate in Virtual Reality, and teaches a course on Data Visualization in VR as well as co-teaches with Brendan Kelley a graduate level Serious Games Course. Tornatzky is a member of Colorado State University's Office for the Vice President of Research Virtual Reality Advisory Board. Her own artworks vary from using code to dynamically generate images to creating installation work that uses stereoscopic lenses.

Brendan Kelley

Digital native Brendan Kelley is currently working towards a Doctorate of Philosophy in Computer Science with a focus on human computer interaction at Colorado State University (CSU) after completing a masters of science in Media Communications at CSU. He has worked with VR since the release of the first Oculus headset and has received several awards for his virtual reality, augmented reality, and game design work. His projects span the realms of art, industry, and academia. Projects of his such as Orillas Del Ebro VR (2019) explore the merging of humanities and science that is possible through virtual reality technologies by visualizing poetic writings and the anthropological hydrology principles they describe. Other works include The Path We're On (2018); a collaborative virtual reality project that received the second place award in the 2018 Ram Reality HackAThon at CSU. He also worked as a virtual reality developer for several years with the Colorado State University Office for the Vice President of Research OVPR. During this time he acted as a consultant for the CSU VR Anatomy and CSU Vet VR projects as well as assisted and led the development of projects such as the CSU Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences Interactive Experience and the Aug Mag augmented reality magazine experience for the OVPR.

In addition he has conducted research on design theories, social VR use, cognitive perceptions of VR, and the Artistic use of VR. This includes publications such as The Artistic Approach to VR (2019) co-authored by Cyane Tornatzky and published in the proceedings of the 2019 VRCAI conference. More recently he has worked on the research paper titled The Rise of the 'Quarantine Bar Simulator' (2020) which explores the different ways in which Social VR was used during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. He has also helped to develop graduate level courses for the Nancy Richardson Design Center, where he is an adjunct professor, focused around both virtual and augmented reality technologies. More recently his research has focused on cognitive aspects of virtual and augmented reality technologies such as his masters thesis work which compared learning efficacy among augmented reality, paper manual, and online video training modalities, as well as the creation of an augmented reality platform dubbed the Augmented Reality Assistant or ARA, and an ongoing cognitive cueing research project.

Cyane Tornatzky是一位數位移民，她在舊金山州立大學的概念與資訊藝術計畫中獲得了新媒體碩士學位。2015年，她在科羅拉多州福特柯林斯的科羅拉多州立大學藝術與藝術史系開設了電子藝術計畫。作為課程的一部分，Tornatzky教授一門藝術遊戲課程，從學生創建桌遊開始，最終製作數位藝術遊戲，其中一些是虛擬實境遊戲。作為科羅拉多州立大學獸醫科學系同事的虛擬實境項目的共同負責人，Tornatzky是一個團隊的創意總監，該團隊正在開發一個虛擬實境培訓應用程式，專為獸醫師設計。該應用程式是一個數位孿生體，已經在Steam上作為模擬遊戲發布。Tornatzky還與科羅拉多州立大學計算機科學系的同事一起進行一項研究項目，研究虛擬實境素描工具的界面。Tornatzky是理查森設計中心設計思維：虛擬實境研究生證書的訪問教職成員，並教授一門關於數據可視化在虛擬實境中的課程，以及與Brendan Kelley共同教授研究生級別的嚴肅遊戲課程。Tornatzky是科羅拉多州立大學副校長研究虛擬實境諮詢委員會的成員。她的藝術作品從使用代碼動態生成圖像到創作使用立體鏡頭的裝置作品各不相同。

Brendan Kelley是一位數位原生人，目前在科羅拉多州立大學攻讀人機互動的哲學博士學位，專注於計算機科學。在完成科羅拉多州立大學的媒體傳播碩士學位後，他就開始與第一代Oculus頭戴式顯示器一起使用虛擬實境，並因其虛擬實境、擴增實境和遊戲設計工作而獲得多個獎項。他的項目涵蓋藝術、工業和學術領域。他的一些項目，如2019年的《Orillas Del Ebro VR》，探索了透過虛擬實境技術實現人文和科學融合的可能性，通過可視化詩歌作品和人類水文學原則。其他作品包括2018年的《The Path We're On》，這是一個合作的虛擬實境項目，在科羅拉多州立大學2018年Ram Reality HackAThon比賽中獲得第二名。他還在科羅拉多州立大學副校長研究處擔任虛擬實境開發人員多年，並在該期間擔任科羅拉多州立大學獸醫學和環境與放射衛生科學的虛擬實境顧問，並協助和領導項目的開發，如科羅拉多州立大學環境和放射衛生科學互動體驗和科羅拉多州立大學副校長研究處的增強現實雜誌體驗。

此外，他還進行了關於設計理論、社交虛擬實境使用、虛擬實境的認知感知以及虛擬實境的藝術應用的研究。這包括由Cyane Tornatzky合著並發表在2019年VRCAI會議論文集中的《The Artistic Approach to VR》（2019）。最近，他還參與了一項名為《The Rise of the 'Quarantine Bar Simulator'》（2020）的研究論文的工作，該論文探討了在COVID-19大流行期間社交虛擬實境的不同使用方式。他還協助開發了納西·理查森設計中心的研究生課程，該中心是他的兼職教授，專注於虛擬和擴增實境技術。最近，他的研究重點是虛擬和擴增實境技術的認知方面，例如他的碩士論文工作比較了擴增實境、紙質手冊和線上視頻培訓模式的學習效果，還創建了一個名為Augmented Reality Assistant或ARA的擴增實境平台，以及一個正在進行的認知提示研究項目。