Digital Twins for Smart Cities and Urban Planning: From Virtual to Reality
暫譯: 智慧城市與城市規劃的數位雙胞胎：從虛擬到現實

本書探討數位雙胞胎（digital twin）的概念，這一概念有潛力改變系統的管理和創建方式。它還討論了作為一種新技術的元宇宙（metaverse），其具有文學根源、跨平台的虛擬角色（avatars）以及與人工智慧相關的網路安全風險。

Dr. Mohammad Saif Wajid received his Bachelor's degree in Computer Science & Engineering from Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, India, and Masters's Degree from BBD University, India. He is currently enrolled as a Full-Time researcher at Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey Campus, Mexico. He works as a Visiting Research Scholar at the University of Texas, San Antonio, USA. His research includes potential applications of Digital Twin, Knowledge Graph, Machine Learning, Computer Vision, NLP, and Neutrosophy, touching areas such as Violence Detection, Healthcare Systems, Dense Captioning of images/ videos, and DTWIN for Smart cities.

Prof. Hugo Terashima-Marin, (Senior Member, IEEE) received a Ph.D. in informatics from the Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, in 1998. He is a Full Professor at the School of Engineering and Sciences and the Research Group Leader with a strategic focus on intelligent systems. His research interests include computational intelligence, heuristics, metaheuristics, and hyper-heuristics for combinatorial optimization, characterization of problems and algorithms, constraint handling and applications of artificial Intelligence, and machine learning.

Dr. Mohd Anas Wajid is an Assistant Professor at GLA University, Mathura, India, in the Department of Computer Science & Application. He received his PhD degree in Computer Science from Aligarh Muslim University, India. He has keen interest in Soft Computing, Machine Learning, Data Science, Information Retrieval, and Neutrosophy.

Prof. Aasim Zafar is a Senior Professor at the Computer Science Department, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. He holds a Master's in Computer Science and Applications and obtained the degree of Ph. D. in Computer Science from Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. His research areas and special interests include Mobile Ad hoc and Sensor Networks, Software Engineering, Information Retrieval, E-Systems, e-Security, Virtual Learning Environments, Neuro-Fuzzy and Soft Computing, Knowledge Management Systems, and Web Mining. His areas of teaching interest include Computer Networks, Network Security, Software Engineering, E-Systems, Database Management Systems and Computer Programming.

Dr. Bharat Bhushan is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) at School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India. He is an alumnus of Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India. He received his Undergraduate Degree (B-Tech in Computer Science and Engineering) with Distinction in 2012, received his Postgraduate Degree (M-Tech in Information Security) with Distinction in 2015 and Doctorate Degree (PhD Computer Science and Engineering) in 2021 from Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, India.

穆罕默德·賽夫·瓦吉德博士（Dr. Mohammad Saif Wajid）於印度阿卜杜勒·卡拉姆技術大學（Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University）獲得計算機科學與工程學士學位，並在印度BBD大學獲得碩士學位。他目前在墨西哥蒙特雷科技大學（Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey Campus）擔任全職研究員，並在美國德克薩斯州聖安東尼奧大學（University of Texas, San Antonio）擔任訪問研究學者。他的研究包括數位雙胞胎（Digital Twin）、知識圖譜（Knowledge Graph）、機器學習（Machine Learning）、計算機視覺（Computer Vision）、自然語言處理（NLP）和中立哲學（Neutrosophy）的潛在應用，涉及暴力檢測、醫療系統、圖像/視頻的密集標註以及智慧城市的DTWIN等領域。

雨果·特拉希瑪-馬林教授（Prof. Hugo Terashima-Marin，IEEE資深會員）於1998年在蒙特雷科技大學（Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey）獲得資訊學博士學位。他是工程與科學學院的全職教授，並擔任研究小組負責人，專注於智能系統的戰略研究。他的研究興趣包括計算智能、啟發式演算法、元啟發式演算法和超啟發式演算法在組合優化中的應用、問題和演算法的特徵化、約束處理及人工智慧和機器學習的應用。

穆罕默德·阿納斯·瓦吉德博士（Dr. Mohd Anas Wajid）是印度馬圖拉GLA大學（GLA University）計算機科學與應用系的助理教授。他在印度阿利格爾穆斯林大學（Aligarh Muslim University）獲得計算機科學博士學位。他對軟計算（Soft Computing）、機器學習（Machine Learning）、數據科學（Data Science）、信息檢索（Information Retrieval）和中立哲學（Neutrosophy）有濃厚的興趣。

阿西姆·扎法爾教授（Prof. Aasim Zafar）是印度阿利格爾穆斯林大學（Aligarh Muslim University）計算機科學系的資深教授。他擁有計算機科學與應用的碩士學位，並在阿利格爾穆斯林大學獲得計算機科學博士學位（Ph.D.）。他的研究領域和特別興趣包括移動自組網和傳感器網絡、軟體工程、信息檢索、電子系統（E-Systems）、電子安全（e-Security）、虛擬學習環境、神經模糊（Neuro-Fuzzy）和軟計算（Soft Computing）、知識管理系統（Knowledge Management Systems）以及網頁挖掘（Web Mining）。他的教學興趣包括計算機網絡、網絡安全、軟體工程、電子系統、數據庫管理系統和計算機程式設計。

巴拉特·布哈尚博士（Dr. Bharat Bhushan）是印度大諾伊達沙爾達大學（Sharda University）工程與技術學院計算機科學與工程系的助理教授。他是印度美斯拉比爾拉科技學院（Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi）的校友。他於2012年以優異成績獲得計算機科學與工程的本科學位（B-Tech），於2015年以優異成績獲得信息安全的碩士學位（M-Tech），並於2021年獲得計算機科學與工程的博士學位（PhD）來自美斯拉比爾拉科技學院。