Cyber-Physical Systems: Foundations and Techniques

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) is the interconnection of the virtual or cyber and the physical system. It is realized by combining three well-known technologies namely Embedded Systems, Sensors and actuators and Network and communication System or IoT. These technologies are combined to form a system known as CPS. In CPS the physical process and information processing are so tightly connected that it is hard to distinguish the individual contribution of each process from the output. Some of the exciting innovations such as Autonomous cars, Quadcopter, space ships, sophisticated medical machinery fall under CPS. The scope of CPS is tremendous. In CPS, we can see the applications of various emerging technologies such as Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things (IoT), Machine Learning (ML), Deep Learning (DL), Big Data (BD), Robotics, Quantum Technology, etc. Almost in all the sectors whether it is education, health, human resource development, skill improvement, Startup strategy up-gradation, etc., we see an enhancement in the quality output, which is because of the emergence of CPS into the field. The CPS is considered the upcoming Industry revolution. The book covers the different aspects associated with the CPS, such as algorithm, application areas, improvement of existing technology to name a few.

物聯網系統（IoT）是虛擬或網路系統與實體系統之間的互連。它是通過結合三種眾所周知的技術，即嵌入式系統、感測器和致動器以及網路和通訊系統來實現的。這些技術結合在一起形成了一個稱為物聯網系統的系統。在物聯網系統中，物理過程和信息處理緊密相連，很難從輸出中區分出每個過程的個別貢獻。一些令人興奮的創新，如自動駕駛汽車、四旋翼飛行器、太空船、先進的醫療設備都屬於物聯網系統的範疇。物聯網系統的範圍非常廣泛。在物聯網系統中，我們可以看到各種新興技術的應用，如人工智能、機器學習、深度學習、大數據、機器人技術、量子技術等。幾乎在所有領域，無論是教育、健康、人力資源發展、技能提升、初創公司戰略升級等，我們都看到了輸出質量的提高，這是因為物聯網系統進入了這些領域。物聯網系統被認為是即將到來的工業革命。本書涵蓋了與物聯網系統相關的不同方面，如算法、應用領域、現有技術的改進等。

Uzzal Sharma, PhD, is an assistant professor (senior), Department of Computer Applications, School of Technology, Assam Don Bosco University, Guwahati, India.

Parma Nand, PhD, in Computer Science & Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, and has more than 27 years of experience, both in industry and academia.

Jyotir Moy Chatterjee is an assistant professor in the Information Technology department at Lord Buddha Education Foundation (LBEF), Kathmandu, Nepal.

Vishal Jain, PhD, is an associate professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, U. P. India.

Noor Zaman Jhanjhi, PhD, is an associate professor, Director of the Center for Smart Society 5.0 at the School of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Innovation and Technology, Taylor's University, Malaysia.

R. Sujatha, PhD, is an associate professor in the School of Information Technology and Engineering in Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India.

Uzzal Sharma博士是印度古瓦哈蒂阿薩姆唐博斯科大學技術學院計算應用系的副教授。

Parma Nand博士在印度羅爾基的印度理工學院獲得計算機科學與工程博士學位，擁有超過27年的行業和學術經驗。

Jyotir Moy Chatterjee是尼泊爾加德滿都的羅德佛教教育基金會（LBEF）資訊技術系的助理教授。

Vishal Jain博士是印度北方大學沙達大學工程與技術學院計算機科學與工程系的副教授。

Noor Zaman Jhanjhi博士是馬來西亞泰勒大學創新與技術學院計算機科學與工程學院智慧社會5.0中心的副教授和主任。

R. Sujatha博士是印度維洛爾理工學院資訊技術與工程學院的副教授。